The Nature and Elements of Communication

The Nature and Elements
of Communication
• COMMUNICATION.
It is the transmission of ideas and emotions
between or among persons. Communication is a
structured two-way process essential in
transmitting information and expressing ideas
among individuals. This two-way process may
come in two forms: verbal and nonverbal
communication.
Verbal Communication
• Verbal’ is the Latin adjective of ‘Word’. So,
verbal communication means communicating
with words, whether written or spoken.
Examples:
A teacher discussing his lesson to the class.
An applicant who writes his application letter
for a job vacancy
Non-Verbal Communication
• Nonverbal communication is the transmission of
messages or signals through a nonverbal platform
such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures,
posture, and the distance between two individuals.
Examples:
The facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger,
surprise, fear, and disgust.
Ok sign made with hands ( be careful in using this
gesture because in English-speaking countries it convey
positive message but in Germany, Russia, and Brazil, it
is considered as offensive.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
NOISE
SENDER MESSAGE ENCODING CHANNEL RECEIVER DECODING
FEEDBACK
Elements of Communication
• Sender - is the person who is initiating the
communication or sending the message. It can be a
person or a party like a company.
• Message –the information that the sender wants to
communicate.
• Encoding - is the process of assembling symbols
to communicate the message or simply put the
process of putting thought into a symbolic form.
People use words and images to convey their
intended message. Basically, it is how the
information is to be communicated (eg. Verbal or
written).
• Channel - the channel of communication that
is used to transmit the message. In the case of
verbal communication, you might be using a
phone or talking to the receiver directly. In the
case of a written message, you can use an
email or some chat tool like WhatsApp.
• Receiver - the recipient of the message from
the sender. He usually gives feedback to the
sender in order to make sure that the message
was properly received.
• Decoding- is the process of interpreting the
message or the process by which the receiver
assigns meaning to the symbols in a message.
This is basically how the recipient of the
message understand the message.
• Feedback - is that part of the receiver’s
response which is communicated back to the
sender.
• Noise - is the unplanned distortion during the
process of communication which may cause
the receiver to receive a different message
than the intended one.
• When the message or feed feedback was not
sent or received properly, then
communication breakdown and noise will
happen leading to the possible barriers to
effective communication.
Communication Process Example
with Its Elements
Melai loves Jason, her SENDER
suitor as a friend. She Melai is the sender of the message.
thinks of how to tell him MESSAGE
using their native When Melai plans to tell Jason that she loves
language. She tells him, him as friend using their native language.
“Jason gihigugma tika isip ENCODING
ENCODING
usa ka amigo”. She did it Melai verbally tells “ Jason gihigugma tika
through a phone call. isip usa ka amigo.”
Jason hears what Melai CHANNEL
says. He tries to The message is transmitted through phone
internalized what she call.
means based on the RECEIVER
content and their Jason is the receiver of the message.
relationship, and he is DECODING
heartbroken. He frowns When Jason internalize the message.
and does not say
FEEDBACK
something because he is in
When Jason frowns.
pain.
TYPES OF NOISE
• Physical noise is interference that is external to
both speaker and listener; it hampers the
physical transmission of the signal or message.
Examples of physical noise:
loud party at the neighbors while you’re trying to
record a song
loud kids who don’t want to take their nap
irritating hum of your computer, air conditioner,
or heater while you are talking to a friend
• Physiological noise is created by barriers within the sender
or receiver.
Examples of physiological noise on the podcaster’s side:
articulation problems
mumbling
talking too fast
talking too slow
forgetting to pause
forgetting to breathe
An example of physiological noise on the listener’s side:
hearing problems. Maybe the listener can’t hear high tones as
clearly as they used to. For some, low tones are the problem.
Their difficulty in literally hearing words and sounds becomes
physiological noise.
• Psychological noise is mental interference in the
speaker or listener.
• Three examples of psychological noise are
wandering thoughts, preconceived ideas, and
sarcasm.
• Semantic noise refers to when a speaker and a
listener have different interpretations of the
meanings of certain words. For example, the
word “weed” can be interpreted as an
undesirable plant in a yard or as a euphemism
for marijuana.
STRATEGIES TO AVOID
COMMUNICATION BREAK DOWN
Stop Focus on the other person, their thoughts and
feelings.
Pay attention to non-verbal messages, without

Look
letting yourself be distracted.
Listen Listen for the essence of the speaker’s

thoughts: details, major ideas and their
meanings.
Be empathetic Imagine how you would feel in their
circumstances. Be empathetic to the feelings of
the speaker, while maintaining a calm centre
within yourself.
Ask questions Use questions to clarify your understanding, as
well as to demonstrate interest in what is being
said.
DO THE TASK!
• For your task, create a scenario that
shows the process of communication
and illustrate the scenario using a
diagram in which all the elements
are present. I’ll be giving you 15
minutes to finish the task.
TIME FOR YOUR QUIZ!
1. What do you call this
element of
communication refers
to the information that
the sender wants to
communicate?
2. This element of
communication is the
unplanned distortion
during the process of
communication
which may cause the
receiver to receive a
different message
than the intended
one.
3. This element of
communication is
used to transmit the
message. In the
case of verbal
communication,
you might be using
a phone or talking
to the receiver
directly.
4. It is that part of
the receiver’s
response which is
communicated
back to the sender
5. He or She is the
recipient of the message
from the sender. He
usually gives feedback to
the sender in order to
make sure that the
message was properly
received.
6-10. What are the 4
types of Noise that
cause communication
breakdown?

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The Nature and Elements

SENDER MESSAGE ENCODING CHANNEL RECEIVER DECODING

Pay attention to non-verbal messages, without

Listen Listen for the essence of the speaker’s

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