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    02 Chem CH 02 Matter

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    MARIANE TABUGON
    1. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. Pure substances are uniform throughout and can be elements or compounds, while mixtures have variable compositions. 2. Mixtures can be separated into their component substances using various techniques like distillation, filtration, and chromatography that exploit differences in properties. 3. Common laboratory equipment used to work with matter includes beakers, flasks, cylinders, spatulas, clamps, and burners.

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    02 Chem CH 02 Matter

    Uploaded by

    MARIANE TABUGON
    13 views40 pages
    1. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. Pure substances are uniform throughout and can be elements or compounds, while mixtures have variable compositions. 2. Mixtures can be separated into their component substances using various techniques like distillation, filtration, and chromatography that exploit differences in properties. 3. Common laboratory equipment used to work with matter includes beakers, flasks, cylinders, spatulas, clamps, and burners.

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    02 Chem Ch 02 Matter

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    1. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. Pure substances are uniform throughout and can be elements or compounds, while mixtures have variable compositions. 2. Mixtures can be separated into their component substances using various techniques like distillation, filtration, and chromatography that exploit differences in properties. 3. Common laboratory equipment used to work with matter includes beakers, flasks, cylinders, spatulas, clamps, and burners.

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    13 views40 pages

    02 Chem CH 02 Matter

    Uploaded by

    MARIANE TABUGON
    1. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. Pure substances are uniform throughout and can be elements or compounds, while mixtures have variable compositions. 2. Mixtures can be separated into their component substances using various techniques like distillation, filtration, and chromatography that exploit differences in properties. 3. Common laboratory equipment used to work with matter includes beakers, flasks, cylinders, spatulas, clamps, and burners.

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    Section 2.

    1
    The Nature of Matter
    Objectives
    1.
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter
    Objectives

    1. To learn about the composition of matter


    2. To learn the difference between
    elements, molecules, and compounds
    3. To define the three states of matter
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter
    A. The Particulate Nature of Matter
    • Matter has mass and occupies space.
    • It is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter
    B. Elements and Compounds
    • Elements contain only one type of atom –
    elemental copper contains only copper atoms
    and elemental gold contains only gold atoms.
    • Elemental hydrogen contains only hydrogen
    atoms
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    B. Elements and Compounds


    • Compounds are substances that contain two or
    more different types of atoms.
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Compound and Molecule- What’s the difference?


    • Molecule – multi-atom

    • Compound Element
    • 2 or more different Diatomic 7
    • Types of atoms Only 1 type of atom
    • Queue Rawhide
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Selected Compounds
    • Caffeine
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol


    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Nicotine
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Tetrahydrocannabinol
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    C. The States of Matter


    • Matter exists in three states:
    – Solid: a rigid substance with a definite shape
    – Liquid: has a definite volume but takes the shape of its
    container
    – Gas: takes the shape and volume of its container
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Structure of a Solid
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Structure of a Liquid
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Structure of a Gas
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter

    Demos

    • Kinesthetic Behavior of Solids, Liquids,


    Gases
    • Ice Drop Food Coloring
    • Plasma Lamp
    • Lava Lamp
    • Element Samples
    • Hero’s Engine
    • PhET States of Matter
    Section 2.1
    The Nature of Matter
    Objectives Review

    1. To learn about the composition of matter


    2. To learn the difference between elements,
    molecules, and compounds
    3. To define the three states of matter
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    Objectives

    1. To learn to distinguish between physical


    and chemical properties
    2. To learn to distinguish between physical
    and chemical changes
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
    • Matter has both physical and chemical properties.
    – Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to
    change to a different substance. (Process -ing)
    • Examples are:
    » Burning Wood, Cooking, Fermenting, Digesting
    » Grandma’s Silverware Tarnishing, Rusting,
    Plants Growing
    – Physical properties are the characteristics of a
    substance that do not involve changing to another
    substance.
    • Examples are: shape, size and color, odor, volume,
    state of matter, density, e- conductivity
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
    • Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes.
    – A physical change involves a change in one or more
    physical properties but no change in composition.
    Points….BP, FP, SP
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
    • Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes.
    – A chemical change transforms a substance into one
    or more new substances.
    – Electrolysis- applying electricity to a substance to
    decompose it into new substances.
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    A. Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
    • Identify as a physical or chemical change:
    – An alcohol boils at 78 oC
    – Diamond is very hard
    – Sugar ferments to form alcohol
    – A metal wire conducts electricity
    – Gallium metal melts in your hand
    – Platinum does not react with oxygen
    – This screen is white
    – The copper coating of the Statue of Liberty has
    acquired a greenish coating over the years
    Section 2.2
    Properties of Matter
    Objectives Review

    1. To learn to distinguish between physical


    and chemical properties
    2. To learn to distinguish between physical
    and chemical changes
    3. Work Session: Page 34 Example 2.2
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    Objectives

    1. To learn to distinguish between mixtures


    and pure substances
    2. To learn two methods of separating
    mixtures
    3. To learn the names of some laboratory
    items
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    A. Mixtures and Pure Substances
    • Matter can be classified as a mixture or a pure
    substance.
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    A. Mixtures and Pure Substances
    Pure Substances
    • A pure substance always has the same composition.
    • Pure substances are of two types:
    – Elements which cannot be
    broken down chemically
    into simpler substances
    Al, Cu, Au
    – Compounds which can be
    chemically broken down
    into elements CO2, N2, Water is a compound. All the
    components are the same—H 2O molecules.
    H2O
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    A. Mixtures and Pure Substances
    Mixtures
    – A mixture has variable composition- Something that is
    made up of several other things.
    • A homogeneous mixture has the same properties
    throughout. It looks the same all over.
    Soda, Coffee, Tap Water, Air, Salt and Water, Sugar
    and Water, Sand on a Beach? Bear Lake?
    Homogenized Milk….
    Also called a solution!!
    • A heterogeneous mixture has different properties in
    different parts of the mixture. Looks different in different
    places.
    Sand and Water, Italian Salad Dressing,…
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    Homogeneous Mixtures
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures


    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    Pure Substance vs. Mixture

    Pure Substance / Mixture exercise


    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    B. Separation of Mixtures
    Mixtures can be separated into pure substances by
    various means.
    • distillation
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    B. Separation of Mixtures
    Mixtures can be separated into pure
    substances by various means.
    • Filtration
    • Filter Paper
    • Filter Holder
    • Beaker Tongs
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter

    Classify as Pure Substance, Homogeneous or


    Heterogeneous Mixture

    • Oxygen and Helium in a SCUBA tank


    • Oil and vinegar salad dressing
    • Table salt (NaCl)
    • Maple Syrup
    • Pure water
    • Gasoline
    • Jar of jelly beans
    • Soil
    • Copper metal
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    Summary: The Organization of Matter
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    Laboratory Items

    • Erlenmeyer Flask
    • Graduated Cylinder
    • Beaker
    • Spatula
    • Forceps
    • Crucible Tongs
    • Beaker Tongs
    • Bunsen Burner
    • Test Tube Clamp

    • http://web.mac.com/scifione/orig/LABWARE/Lab-alpha.htm
    Section 2.3
    Classifying Matter
    Objectives Review

    1. To learn to distinguish between mixtures


    and pure substances
    2. To learn two methods of separating
    mixtures
    3. To learn the names of some laboratory
    items

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