Statistical Tools

Applied Statistics
Lecture 11
Tools for Statistical Analysis
Tools for Statistics in Psychology
1. Presentation
– Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint (Access))
2. Data analysis packages

– SPSS, AMOS, Liseral, Mplus, N-vivo
3. Experimentation
– Authorware, E-prime
4. Citation Managers
– Endnote, Reference Manager
5. Anti-Plagiarism
– Turnitin
SPSS
• Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
• Familiar and widely used software
• Easy data management, handling and analysis
• No data limits
• Use and Misuse (its easy but can be used to
manipulate data)
• Used for Hypothesis testing
• Need No proper training
AMOS
• Analysis of Moment Structures
• Graphical Interface
• Implement model testing visually
– Structural Equation Modelling
– Covariance Structure Models
– Path Analysis
• It is used to make visual models and test them.
• It gives you control over the way you want your model
visually to be like.
• It is complex and need some training in order to understand
different components.
Nvivo
• Used for qualitative research and qualitative data
• Data Handling
– Questionnaires, transcripts of interviews and focus
groups, audio, video recording, digital pictures
• We use coding in this statistical tool.
• We can Generate Theories
• It also has Graphical output and gives you control
over forming factors.
• It need extensive training so it is difficult to
administer.
Data generation
• Interviews with individuals
• Focus groups
• Narratives
• Conversations
• Observations
• Video/audio-tapes/ photographs /maps /models
• Archived material and records; diaries, letters, policy documents, minutes
• Field notes, memos
What to do with the data
 Manage, store, access and keep track
 Make sense of qualitative data
 Generate or confirm theories
 Manage complexity
 Show diversity
 Present a trail of evidence and tell the story
How NVIVO 8 can help
Part 1:
1. Store, manage, link documents and ideas within an NVIVO
software project
2. Code documents at nodes and ‘code on’/refine your coding
3. Memo your ideas about the data/documents
4. Move between the nodes and the document detail
5. Shape the project: assign attributes (e.g. demographic
categories) to cases; group documents or nodes in sets
(collections) to use as search filters
6. Tree node structures to reflect your project design
How NVIVO 8 can help
Part 2
7. Relationship linking between ideas
8. Search and scope to ask questions and develop
and test ideas & theories
9. Model and chart to display ideas and theories
10.Reports extraction for inclusion in written work

Nodes
• Nodes are ‘containers’ for categories/concepts/ideas: used to organise
text relevant to a topic or idea under your chosen node label
• Free Nodes hold topics (nodes) as yet unrelated to other topics
• Tree Nodes hold parent and child nodes (up to 9 levels) that are related in
a hierarchy.
• Case Nodes hold data from each individual in the study under their name
e.g. the case ‘George’ holds all George’s focus group contribution
• Relationships, Matrices & nodes of Search Results can be created from

the data within NVIVO.
Endnote
• Reference database
• Store and organize all your article
information
• Cite while you write
• Enter citations / Create bibliographies
• Style (APA / Vancouver & 5000+)
• Time and effort
• Journals’ support
• Online resources
Endnote
A software that:
• stores and organizes citations collected from
various sources
• inserts these citations into a Word document
• automatically formats your references according
to a predefined citation style
EndNote Flow chart
Direct Import Online Manual

Export Text File Search Data Entry
INPUT EndNote
OUTPUT Library
Cite While You Write
Word Processor
Library Window
• A collection of references, each containing the information required
to create a bibliography
• No limit to the number of references
• Not recommended exceeding 100,000 references
• Can open more than one library at a time
• Compatible between Windows & Macintosh
• Can be independently moved, copied, renamed or deleted using the
Windows Explorer
• .ENL file – EndNote library
• .DATA folder – contains figures, groups and other significant files
Library Window
Menu EndNote Window

Toolbar Library Window
References List Pane

Groups
Pane
Status Bar Hide/Show Tab Pane

Tab Pane
Reference Window
• Stores the information required to cite in a bibliography, and other
information (e.g. keywords, notes, abstract)
• Automatically assigned a unique record number pertaining to the
library that cannot be changed
• Up to 52 fields per reference
• Text should remain as “plain text”, unless special term or character
• 45 files in the File Attachment field
• Only 1 graphic or file in the Figure field
• Automatically saved when it is closed
Reference Window
Menu EndNote Window

Record Number Reference Window
Reference
“Previous” & “Next” Reference Type List
Toolbar
Hide/Show Empty Field
Buttons
Reference Fields
Status Bar

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Applied Statistics

2. Data analysis packages

10.Reports extraction for inclusion in written work

• Free Nodes hold topics (nodes) as yet unrelated to other topics

• Relationships, Matrices & nodes of Search Results can be created from

Direct Import Online Manual

Cite While You Write

Menu EndNote Window

References List Pane

Status Bar Hide/Show Tab Pane

Menu EndNote Window

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