Yam Pounding and Milling Machine

yam pounding and
milling machine
presentation by group j2
introduction
• Yam has been processed into various finished products such as
fried yam chips, pounded yam, yam porridge, etc. Pounded
yam, a local delicacy in Nigeria, has wider home consumption
and rated as special food, especially in the southern part of the
country. The processing of yam to pounded form, after
cooking, has being done manually from ages with the usage of
mortar and pestle. This processing is labour intensive and
energy consuming. The development in technology had
provided alternative with the invention of machines for
carrying out the processing, this has resulted into easy,
effective and neat preparation of the pounded yam.
• As a food processing machine, stainless steel was used for its
construction with good fabrication technology that aid its
aesthetics
machine description
The yam pounding machine comprises the protective cover,
pounding chamber, beater, frame and power transmission system.
The protective cover screens the pounding machine from the
environment to avoid contamination and accident during
pounding process. The pounding chamber does the pounding
with the help of the beater while the power transmission devices
supply power needed for pounding. All the components of the
machine were mounted on the frame which serves as support for
the machine.
operational mechanism
of the machine
• The operational mechanism adopted for the design of the pounding
system utilizes the horizontal rotational milling of the yam to
gelatinous form. The pounding takes place in the pounding chamber.
The vertically installed beater is powered by the electric motor which
transmits rotational motion to the beater through the motion
transmission devices attached, as shown on Figure 3. As cooked yam is
fed into the pounding chamber in batches, the high speed rotational
beater mills the yam against the wall of the chamber. The forward
action of the rotational beater against the yam and the repelling reaction
created by the rigid wall of the chamber led to pounding of the yam.
The milling continues until the solid yam transform completely into
gelatinous form without lumps. After complete pounding, the pounded
yam is removed from the pounding chamber ready for consumption.
the slit cover
• The slit cover of the yam pounder is designed for quick and
easy removal.
• It has an anchor on one side and a little clip on the other side.
There are other cover designs but the major is that it is mostly
designed to aid fast removal.
• Sometimes heavy lumps of yam may not allow the motor turn.
In such cases, a quick switching off and removal of the lumps
becomes very necessary.
pounding chamber
• The design of the pounding chamber will facilitate easy design
of other active components of the machine. The capacity of the
chamber with respect to the design of the beater will determine
the quantity of yam that can be fed into the chamber per
complete milling-batch. The determination of the pounding
chamber’s volume explains the holding capacity of the
chamber.
THE BOWL
• The bowl has two functions. It acts as the reservoir of the yam
during pounding and also serves the purpose of cooking the
yam.
• The heating effect from electricity is transferred to the yam by
the bowl for cooking.
• You have to take note of the ‘lock and remove’ direction of the
bowl. While removing your yam after pounding is done, it is
advisable to remove the bowl alongside.
THE POUNDER BLADES
• The pounder blade is designed with a material that doesn’t
react with food. Though it looks metallic, it isn’t. It is ceramic.
Take note of the groove while fixing it to the motor end.
THE YAM BEATER
• The design of the beater will determine its dimension, which is
a function of the chamber volume and the force required for
pounding. The length of each of the beater’s plate must be less
than the diameter of the chamber with little clearance that will
support effective pounding.
• Force required for Pounding The force required for pounding is
the total optimum force required to sufficiently reduce the
cooked yam and transform it into gelatinous form. This force is
born out of the circular high rotational speed of the beater shaft
which results into crushing of the materials to form gel.
POWER RATING OF THE
MACHINE
• the power required to drive the beater can be expressed as;
• 𝑃𝑏 = 2𝜋𝑁𝑏𝑟𝑏 60 𝑊𝑏
• Where; 𝑊𝑏 = weight of the beater
• 𝑊𝑏 can be expressed mathematically as; 𝑊𝑏 = 0.157 × 9.8 =
1.5386 𝑊𝑏 = 1.5 𝑁
• Therefore, 𝑃𝑏 = 9.4 𝑊 The power required to drive the beater
shaft’s pulley can be expressed as; 𝑃𝑝 = 𝜋𝑁𝑏∅2 60 𝑊2 The
pulley weighs 0.98 N, hence; 𝑃𝑝 = 3.85 𝑊 Equation (8)
gives; 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑏 + 𝑃𝑝 = 9.4 + 3.85 = 13.25 𝑃𝑇 = 13.25 𝑊 𝑃𝑇 =
0.01325 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑇 ≡ 0.018 ℎ�
DESCRIPTION OF ITEMS MATERIALS SELECTED
SHAFT STAINLESS STEEL
BEARING MILD STEEL
YAM BEATERS STAINLESS STEEL
POUNDING BOWL STAINLESS STEEL
GALVANIZED SHEET FOR CASTING GALVANIZED STEEL
METAL SHEET COVER GALVANIZED STEEL
FRAME HANDLE MILD STEEL
• The power required to drive the beater shaft’s pulley can be
expressed as; 𝑃𝑝 = 𝜋𝑁𝑏∅2 60 𝑊2
• pulley weighs 0.98 N,
• hence; 𝑃𝑝 = 3.85 𝑊
• 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑏 + 𝑃𝑝 = 9.4 + 3.85 = 13.25
• 𝑃𝑇 = 13.25 𝑊
• 𝑃𝑇 = 0.01325 𝑘𝑊
• 𝑃𝑇 ≡ 0.018 ℎp

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