New Era of

Agriculture

Acol, Granil, Piodos, Sabac,

2022
Silod
Table of contents

01 Microclimate
Introduction 04 Strawberry
Plant 2

02 Tomato 05 Cattle
Animal 2
Plant 1

03 Cattle 06 Summary
End
Animal 1
01
Microclimate
Introduction
By: Rey Gino Silod

2022
 Crop Microclimate
Modification to Address
Climate Change
Udit Debangshi

2022
Problems
● Extreme weather risks such as floods, droughts, heat and
cold waves, hailstorms, strong winds, cyclones, and other
weather events.

● Lack of appropriate climatic elements, resulting in

unfavorable drop in crop productivity.
Objective
● To improve crop production and land productivity
by modifying microclimate as a manifestation of
the efficiency and effectiveness of growth factor
utilization.
What did the researcher do?
The researcher proposed a variety of techniques
which could be efficient and effective through
modification of micro-climate, in response to
climate change, which is beneficial to the
productivity of crops. Microclimate
modification is an attempt to change or regulate
the elements of climate on a micro scale,
resulting in a climate that is favorable for plant
growth.
Microclimatic Components
1. Soil moisture and microclimate
2. Soil characteristics and microclimate
3. Soil temperature and microclimate
4. Air temperature and microclimate
5. Air humidity and microclimate
6. Wind and microclimate
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Water balance and Temperature
through Mulch Application
Mulch (organic or plastic) can alter the crop
microclimate above and below the soil surface. It
helps to store moisture, decrease the temperature
of the soil, inhibit weed development, promote
fertility and soil health. Heavy coatings may
impede the germination of seeds sensitive to light
and temperature variations. Mulching with crop
leftovers can increase water efficiency by 20-30%
Organic Mulching Plastic Mulching
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Solar Interception through
Plant Density and Spatial Arrangement
Changes caused by variations in the composition
and intensity of solar radiation hitting the Earth
may be distinct from and complementary to those
caused by man-made climate change. Row
spacing has a significant impact on canopy
temperature and crop radiation absorption.
Planting the crop on N-E side of the ridge also
reduce the solar load in crop plant by avoiding the
direct sunrays.
Plant Density Spatial Arrangement
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Precipitation through Artificial
Rain Making
Erratic rainfall with a high CV% (coefficient of
variance) result in erosion and water logging.
Cloud seeding is a methodology for altering the
weather. Artificial rain is created by spraying dry
ice or silver iodide aerosols into the upper part of
the cloud. Airplanes and rockets can be used to
stimulate the brain.
• Hygroscopic cloud seeding,
• Static cloud seeding,
• Dynamic cloud seeding
Cloud seeding
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Wind through Windbreaks and
Shelterbelts
Windbreaks are a row or group of
trees, shrubs or structural elements
used to block and direct the wind.
By limiting wind speed,
windbreaks alter the climate in
the areas they cover. Reduced
wind speed has a variety of
consequences, including moderated
soil and air temperatures.
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Plant Growth through Fertilizer
Management
Crop nutrients, whether organic
or mineral, are the foods that
nourish the plants, which feed
the people. Fertilization with
nitrogen prior to a frost, on the
other hand, promotes growth
but increases susceptibility to
frost damage.
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Frost through Heaters, Fire,
and Smoke

Sprinkler irrigation
provides good frost
protection and raises the
temperature of the
microclimate.
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Heat waves through Protected
Cultivation

Temperatures of days and nights are becoming more

common as climate change causes more heatwaves.
Protected cultivation is used to provide optimal lighting,
humidity, CO2, and air for optimal plant growth and
quality. The use of netting and other types of covering has
been shown to restrict air movement around seedlings
during a heatwave.
Protected Cultivation
Microclimate Modification Techniques
 Modification of Flood through dam, and land-
form change

Floods and droughts have become more frequent,

posing a threat to traditional irrigation systems.
Dams and detention basins can help to reduce
flood peaks. Raised beds and broad beds are land
modification that help to save 25-35% of irrigation
water.
Dam Detention Basin
CONCLUSION
Microclimatic modifications
of the physical environment,
such as solar radiation, soil
temperature, soil moisture,
and wind speed, at the farm
level have proven to be
beneficial for improved crop
growth and yield
performance.
02
Tomato
Plant 1
By: Jaizeah Jovial Acol

2022
Application of Internet of Things in
Smart Greenhouse Microclimate
Management for Tomato Growth
Nurpilihan Bafdal and Irfan Ardiansah

2022
Problems
● Increasing levels of CO2 which results in the
greenhouse's emergence effect that can influence various
plants such as tomatoes.

● Some microclimate variables are controlled manually

such as misting of the cooling system.
Objective
● To create an internet-of-things-based system for
automatic control of the
● greenhouse microclimate, controlled and
controlled through a website
● To evaluate the cooling systems in terms of its
microclimate variables (temperature & humidity)
What did the researcher do?
The researchers had set the data
required in the smart greenhouse for
tomato growth, and the estimated
temperature needed is between 20
degrees C to 28 degrees C; while
humidity is between 80% to 90% in
all seasons.
Figure 1: Research stages
flowchart
Instruments Used
Hardware
• Raspberry Pi 3
• SHT11 sensor
• GUVA-S12D
• The fogging system
• Low-pressure water pump
• Relays
Instruments Used
Software
• Raspberry Pi OS
• Python 3
• PHP
• MariaDB
• Putty
• WinSCP
Procedure
The fogging system pipe is
made in the form of a trident
with 18 (eighteen) fog valve
points. All sensor data is
immediately recorded every
minute into the database. The
data is then processed and
displayed in tabular form on a
website that can be accessed via
the internet using DynDNS's
services.
Figure 2: Temperature and relative humidity configuration
parameters
CONCLUSION
The proposed design interfaces with the
Raspberry Pi platform and is implemented
to control micro-climatic conditions in
greenhouses with a web server's help. The
architecture built can provide
communication opportunities between
users and a remote greenhouse control
system. Continuous monitoring and
control of environmental parameters such
as temperature and humidity will be
beneficial for crop production.
02
Cattle
Animal 1
By: Ian Granil

2022
Development of Microclimate Control
System in Cattle Barns
for Cattle Housing in the Perm Region

Kochetova, Kostarev,Tatarnikova and Sereda

2022
Problems
● Heating livestock buildings are, as a rule, much lower
than the losses due to mortality, loss of productivity and
overconsumption of feed.

● Physical properties of the air environment are factors that

are not constant and are subject to large fluctuations.
Objective
● To developed and improve a microclimate
system in livestock building.
What did the researchers do?
• A program algorithm has been developed for a
computer. That will create a system, which provides
optimal conditions for the maintenance and service of
animals and increase the life safety on livestock
farms.

• In order to improve conditions for keeping calves and

cows, a project for a device to control the parameters
of the microclimate in farms in the Perm region has
been developed.
Equipment and devices used
• The regulatory framework governing the microclimate of the
premises for cattle were documents: Set of rules 106.13330.2012 -
Cattle - breeding, poultry - breeding and beast - breeding buildings
• The microclimate control system we
used the theory of finite state
machines, IEC 61131-3 is the third
part of the open international standard
IEC 61131 for programmable logic
controllers. The hardware-software
implementation is made with the
Omron CP1H PLC. Omron CP1H PLC
Results and Discussion
Main parameters of the microclimate in livestock buildings
• The main parameters of the microclimate include:
temperature, relative humidity, air exchange and air
speed.

• To maintain the necessary conditions of the microclimate

it is necessary to use technological equipment: to maintain
the temperature (T) – a heat gun (Heater) in winter or
air conditioner (Cooler) in summer, to control the speed
of air (V) and air exchange – ventilation system (Fun), to
control humidity (W) – moisturizer (Moisturizer).
Results and Discussion
Development of the technological map of microclimate management

Figure 1. An enlarged graph-scheme of

the
technological map of microclimate
Results and Discussion
Development of the technological map of microclimate management

Table1. Address system of the device memory and I/O unit of the
climate monitoring and control system.
Results and Discussion
Making logical equations and developing software for equipment
operation

Table 2. Block of logical equations for dairy winter season.

Results and Discussion
Making logical equations and developing software for equipment operation

Figure 3. Interface of the farmer-operator program to monitor and control the microclimate in
livestock buildings when keeping cattle
Results and Discussion
Program operation simulation

The air temperature is

80°C, the lower and
upper temperature
limit condition
operators are active.

The air temperature

exceeded the lower
threshold, the heater
is controlled by the
blocking branch of
the equipment.

Table 3. Simulation of the operation of the room heater at different temperature regimes
CONCLUSION
The work substantiates the need to maintain the
necessary parameters of the microclimate in livestock
buildings when keeping cattle.

Software was developed to implement the

algorithms of microclimate control. The
simulation of the program showed that the scheme
works correctly. The implementation of the
developed software and hardware will
contribute to the economic efficiency of farms.
03
Strawberry
Plant 2
By: Rizel Jane Piodos

2022
Strawberry: Smart Farming for
Lowland Strawberry (Fragaria x
ananassa) Production
Jayson J. Elenzano, Jeve Warner A. Antonio, Regino M. Cariaga,
Caemela Ann C. Dela Vega, Reygean Mary V. Gomez, Jake C.
Oranza and Mar Lester B. Samaniego

2022
Problems
● Strawberry Production area
● Strawberry plant propagation
● Technologies are poorly developed
● Runner plants are often low quality
of low carbohydrates content, root
and crown infections
● Poor Performance after transplanting
Objective
● To developed a system that monitors the humidity
levels, moisture content of the soil and surrounding
temperature
● To monitor the parameters value such as maximum and
minimum temperature, maximum and minimum humidity
values by sending SMS to the system
● To developed a system using Arduino microcontroller,
GSM Module, moisture sensor and DHT 11
What did the researchers do?
Research Design
• Planning. The researchers gathered the most useful and
valuable information needed in regards to agriculture, growth of
strawberry, and the management of greenhouses that will help
the researchers formulate the step process that serves as their
guidelines to meet all the requirements on their study.
• Requirements. This phase was to gather and summarize all the
different hardware and software requirements by the system
such as Arduino microcontroller, Arduino IDE software, and
Visual Basic.Net
What did the researchers do?
Research Design
• Analysis and Design. The researchers performed a detailed
analysis and design about the system architecture and the set-
up of the greenhouse of the study.
• Coding. This phase was where the Arduino microcontroller
was programmed using the Arduino IDE software and the
Text File Sorting software was programmed and developed
using Visual Basic.Net programming language.
• Implementation. The researchers implemented the system in
the greenhouse and based on the analysis and design that
they developed.
What did the researchers do?
Research Design
• Testing. This phase focused on conducting a complete test
on how the system worked as a whole in a seventy day
time frame.
• Deployment. The researchers implemented the best plan
that considers the system architecture and set-up of the
greenhouse with the hardware specifications, different
processes and modern technology that is needed to be in
place for the study to be successfully installed that will be
adopted by the system.
What did the researcher do?
Research Design
• Data Gathering
Procedure
• Research Sampling
• Interview
Figure 1. Full circuit design of Smart Farming for the Lowland Strawberry
Production
  The greenhouse measured 600cm length x
296cm width x 260cm height.
 Arduino Mega 2560 is the main board of the
system that has a charger of 5v and it is
connected to a 12v power supply. It also
serves as the controller or the brain of the
system.
 The Arduino will send the data to GSM and
Figure 1. Full circuit design of Smart
Farming for the Lowland Strawberry
also be saved in the SD card.
Production
 Greenhouse contains two (2) plots with a size of 520cm length x
75cm width. Each plot has thirteen (13) strawberry plants with
50cm between them. The DHT-11 sensors (temperature and
humidity sensors) were placed on each plot with a height of 1m.
Each of the plots has four (4) soil moisture sensors with a distance
Procedures in Accomplishing the Functionalities
 A non-corrosive moisture
sensor was used in the
greenhouse to monitor the
moisture level of the strawberry.
It consists of eight moisture
sensors that were scattered
throughout the greenhouse to
have an equal monitoring and
distribution of water in the
greenhouse.
Procedures in Accomplishing the Functionalities

 The researchers used the Soil

Moisture Sensor to detect the
moisture of soil if there was
enough water around the
sensor and it is compatible
with the Arduino. It was then
calibrated based on the water
requirement of the strawberry
per day.
Procedures in Accomplishing the Functionalities

 The researchers used the DHT-11

to monitor the air temperature
and air water content inside the
greenhouse. Also, the researchers
used the data from the sensor as
the basis to trigger the sprinklers.
Each plot of the greenhouse has
one DHT-11 sensor
Procedures in Accomplishing the Functionalities
 A drip-line were installed that
was connected to the solenoid
valve to regulate the turning
on and off with respect to the
moisture sensor. The drip
irrigation system is the most
effective method of irrigating.
It has the potential to save
water and nutrients by letting
water to drip slowly to the
roots of plants.
Procedures in Accomplishing the Functionalities
Greenhouse

7:00 AM
Sprinkler is on
 To notify the caretaker/
Temp: 40 °C greenhouse owner/ farmer via
#1?2< Short Messaging System (SMS)
Owne on the moisture level content
r
Temp: 34 °C
Humidity:
and temperature/humidity of the
75% greenhouse.
Moisture: 60%

Greenhouse
Results
Growth rate of the strawberries (smart greenhouse
vs ordinary green house)
Based on the comparison of the ordinary
greenhouse and smart greenhouse using T-Test,
there is no significant relationship
between the growth rate of strawberries in both
greenhouses.
Objective
● To developed a system that monitors the humidity
levels, moisture content of the soil and surrounding
temperature
● To monitor the parameters value such as maximum and
minimum temperature, maximum and minimum humidity
values by sending SMS to the system
● To developed a system using Arduino microcontroller,
GSM Module, moisture sensor and DHT 11
Results
Flower buds on ordinary and smart
Week 6 greenhouse coming out as a sign of
maturity period of strawberries and
ready for fruiting stage. The final
average number of flowers in
Smart Greenhouse was 62
while the final average number of
flowers in Ordinary Greenhouse
was 38.
Results

Week 6 Fruits starting to come out from

the pollinated flower buds on both
greenhouses. The final average
fruit bearings of Smart
Greenhouse was 80g while
the final average fruit bearings of
Ordinary Greenhouse was 20g.
CONCLUSION

 The system was successfully implemented in the

greenhouse. The system is working properly that is to
get temperature, humidity and soil
moisture. The communication is properly done
between temperature, humidity and soil moisture, and
Arduino Mega 2560.
CONCLUSION
 The system monitored and maintain the
proper temperature, humidity and soil
moisture content inside the greenhouse. The
device has been successfully tested under
simulated conditions and showed the ability of
controlling temperature, humidity and soil moisture.
CONCLUSION
 The System notified the caretaker/farmer via
Short Messaging System (SMS) for the
notification status (information) and
triggering the water pump. The device showed
the capability of sending SMS holding the latest
temperature and humidity information and also the
status of the greenhouse.
04
Chicken
Animal 2
By: Daniella P. Sabac

2022
IOT Based Automated Poultry Farm
for
Layer Chicken
P. Jayarajan, M. Annamalai, V. Annie Jannifer,
and A. Arvind Prakash
(2021)

2022
Existing System
● Everyday monitoring
tasks
(temperature, moisture, food intake,
air quality, illuminating,
oxygenating and warming are
physically observed and
administered)

● No appropriate
framework for checking
the Ammonia gas

Figure 1. Conventional
Poultry
Problems
The atmospheric condition plays a vital role in the
production of healthy layer chickens. In order to achieve this
condition, the air quality level, temperature, humidity,
ventilation and lighting has to be continuously monitored. In addition
to this, a secured environment is necessary and the nutrient supply
to the chicken has to be observed at a sustained pace, to improve the
quality of the eggs laid by the chicken.
Proposed System
The aim is to provide healthy chickens that produces quality
eggs, so as to boost the mass production of eggs in India by
monitoring factors such as air quality, humidity,
temperature, ventilation, lighting automatically and
cultivating poultry feed through Internet of Things (IoT).
The ultimate goal of this project is to arrive at the interest in
poultry items, by guaranteeing solid development of layer
chickens and developing poultry feed, to produces quality
eggs and improve the profitability.
Proposed System
A. Hardware requirements
 Arduino UNO  DC motor
 Power supply  LCD display
 Temperature sensor  GSM module
 GAS sensor  WIFI module
 IR sensor  LED strip
 Relay board  Transformer
Proposed System
B. Software requirements
 Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development
Environment)
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), The open-source Arduino
Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code
and upload it to the board. This software can
be used with any Arduino board.
Proposed System
6. LCD Display
1. DHT11 Sensor 1 5 6
7. Motor
2. IR Sensor
7 8. Relay
3. Magnet Sensor 2
4. Gas Sensor 9. Wi-Fi Module
8
5. Arduino Uno 3 10. GSM Module
11. LED

4
9
11

10

Figure 2. The circuit diagram of the prototype

Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique
The model will be planned utilizing the accompanying
advances:
 The temperature sensor detects
the atmospheric temperature and
compares it with the ideal
temperature.

Temperature Sensor
Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique
The model will be planned utilizing the accompanying
advances:
 Air quality Sensor detects the
level of Ammonia within the barn.
This can be detected with the help
of Humidity Sensor.

Air Quality/Humidity
Sensor
Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique
The model will be planned utilizing the accompanying
advances:
 A door Magnet sensor is placed
over the cage to detect if there is
any unauthorized intrusion and an
alert message is sent with the help
of a GSM module.

Magnetic Sensor
Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique
The model will be planned utilizing the accompanying
advances:
 A conveyor belt and IR sensor is
implemented here to collect the
eggs and count the number of
eggs that has been collected
respectively

IR Sensor
Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique
The model will be planned utilizing the accompanying
advances:
 LED strip is placed in the cage to
give warmth to the chicken. And
also poultry feed can be cultivated
with the help of the light produced
from the LED strip. This
cultivation is based on
Hydroponics concept

Air Quality/Humidity
Sensor
Proposed System
C. Enhancement Technique

Figure 3. Output monitored via

Objective
● To developed a system that monitors the humidity
levels, moisture content of the soil and surrounding
temperature
● To monitor the parameters value such as maximum and
minimum temperature, maximum and minimum humidity
values by sending SMS to the system
● To developed a system using Arduino microcontroller,
GSM Module, moisture sensor and DHT 11
What did the researchers do?
Research Design
• Planning. The researchers gathered the most useful and
valuable information needed in regards to agriculture, growth of
strawberry, and the management of greenhouses that will help
the researchers formulate the step process that serves as their
guidelines to meet all the requirements on their study.
• Requirements. This phase was to gather and summarize all the
different hardware and software requirements by the system
such as Arduino microcontroller, Arduino IDE software, and
Visual Basic.Net
 Introduction
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Agricultural engineering
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
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Bioengineering
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and
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 Benefits of biotechnology

Preservation of Pesticide
Preserve topsoil
soil quality reduction
Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s full
one in the Solar System from the Sun. It’s hot of iron oxide dust
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40% 25%
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