FEA Lecture 6

EME401
APPLIED FINITE
ELEMENT
FUNDAMENTALS OF MODELING
(SOLUTIONS & POSTPROCESSING)
DR. NORWAHIDA YUSOFF

menorwahida@usm.my
SELECTING TYPE OF ANALYSIS
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > New
Analysis
Dialog boxes for selecting the type of analysis is for

structural (top) and thermal (bottom) disciplines
Analysis Options/Solution Controls
Users can specify the preference of the solution through Analysis Options or Solution Controls
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options/ Sol’n Controls
Basic: Involves selection of options specific to the analysis type,

time-domain related parameters, and results items to be written to the
Results File.
Transient: This option provides control over the way the loading is
applied (stepped or ramped over time), the damping coefficients, and
the time integration parameters.
Sol’n Options: The equation solver is chosen under this option. Also,
if the current analysis is a Restart from a previous analysis or is
intended to be “restarted” later, this option controls the number of
restart files to write and the frequency at which they are written.
Nonlinear: Involves nonlinear options, specification of the maximum
number of equilibrium iterations, and the limits on physical values
used to perform bisection when performing nonlinear structural
analyses, such as plasticity deformation, creep, etc
Advanced NL: This option is used to specify what the software
should do when convergence is not achieved during a nonlinear
analysis.
Solution controls dialog box

Boundary Conditions, Body Load & Initial
Conditions
 boundary conditions can be specified in three different ways:
 Type I: Specification of the primary variable (degree of freedom).
 Type II: Specification of variables related to the derivative of the primary variable.
 Type III: Specification of a linear combination of the primary variable and its derivative.
Body loads can be generated internally or externally as the result of a physical field acting within the domain expressed
volumetrically
 Menu paths:
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural/Thermal > ‘Boundary Conditions/Body Loads’
Boundary conditions Body loads
Structural Thermal Structural Thermal
Displacement Temperature Temperature Heat Generation
Pressure Heat flux Inertia > Angular Velocity
Force/Moment Heat flow Inertia > Angular Accel
Convection Inertia > Coriolis Effects
Inertia > Gravity
 Initial conditions canbe specified only when the Analysis Type is selected as Transient
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Initial Condit’n
Solution in Single and Multiple Load Steps
• there are cases in which the loads are time-dependent, and the
solution is achieved in multiple steps
• Different load steps must be used if the loading on the structure
changes abruptly. The use of load steps also becomes necessary if
the response of the structure at specific points in time is desired.
• The following steps are used in order to use multiple load step solution
method:
• 1. Apply the initial conditions as explained in Sect. 5.2.3.
• 2. Apply the boundary conditions appropriate for the first load
step.
• 3. Specify time-related parameters: This is performed by using the
following
• menu path:
• Main Menu > Solution > Load Step Opts > Time/Frequenc > Time
—Time Step
• at end of load step (TIME) and the time step size (DELTIM), which is optional.
• Choose between whether the loads are applied in a stepped or ramped manner
• (KBC). If the Automatic Time Stepping is OFF, then the user must specify the time
• step size. If the time step size is not specified and the Automatic Time Stepping is
• set as Prog Chosen (stands for program chosen), then ANSYS turns the Automatic
• Time Stepping ON. If the time step size is specified and the Automatic Time Stepping
• is ON, ANSYS starts the solution with the specified time step size and modifies it
• based on the convergence.
• 4. Write Load Step file: Load steps are written to Load Step Files by using the
• following menu path:
• Main Menu >Solution > Load Step Opts > Write LS File
• file number (LSNUM) and hit OK. This file is stored in the Working Directory and
• contains all the solution options, the time, and time-related parameters, as well as
• the boundary conditions.
• 5. Repeat steps 2–4 for the remainder of the load steps.
• 6. Initiate solution from Load Step files: Once all of the load step files are written,
• the solution is initiated by using the following menu path:
• Main Menu > Solution > Solve > From LS Files
• which brings up the Solve Load Step Files dialog box. Enter the starting and ending
• load step file numbers (LSMIN and LSMAX) and hit OK.
Failure to Obtain Solution
There are two common reasons why ANSYS fails to provide a solution:
• Failed convergence
• Singular coefficient matrix
• every finite element solution involves the solution of a system of equations with a known
coefficient matrix (stiffness), an unknown degree of freedom vector, and a known right-hand-
side (force) vector.
• The most common reasons why the coefficient matrix becomes singular are
• instability in the structure due to lack of constraints in static structural analyses.
• Material properties that are physically impossible , e.g. negative Young’s modulus

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EME401

DR. NORWAHIDA YUSOFF

Dialog boxes for selecting the type of analysis is for

Basic: Involves selection of options specific to the analysis type,

Solution controls dialog box

Boundary conditions Body loads

Structural Thermal Structural Thermal

Displacement Temperature Temperature Heat Generation

Pressure Heat flux Inertia > Angular Velocity

Force/Moment Heat flow Inertia > Angular Accel

Convection Inertia > Coriolis Effects

Inertia > Gravity

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