Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include cough, fever, chiff, and difficulty breathing. Physiotherapy treatments for pneumonia include techniques like postural drainage, shaking and vibrating the chest, and breathing exercises to help clear mucus from the lungs and make breathing easier.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include cough, fever, chiff, and difficulty breathing. Physiotherapy treatments for pneumonia include techniques like postural drainage, shaking and vibrating the chest, and breathing exercises to help clear mucus from the lungs and make breathing easier.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include cough, fever, chiff, and difficulty breathing. Physiotherapy treatments for pneumonia include techniques like postural drainage, shaking and vibrating the chest, and breathing exercises to help clear mucus from the lungs and make breathing easier.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include cough, fever, chiff, and difficulty breathing. Physiotherapy treatments for pneumonia include techniques like postural drainage, shaking and vibrating the chest, and breathing exercises to help clear mucus from the lungs and make breathing easier.
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DEFINITION
■ Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air
sacs in one or both lungs. ■ The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. CAUSES ■ Several types of infectious agents can cause pneumonia, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. ■ Bacterial pneumonia:
■ Streptococcus pneumoniae ■ Mycoplasma pneumoniae ■ Haemophilus influenzae ■ Legionella pneumophila ■ Viral pneumonia : ■ influenza (flu) ■ respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ■ rhinoviruses (common cold) ■ human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection ■ human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection ■ measles ■ chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus) ■ adenovirus infection ■ coronavirus infection ■ Fungal pneumonia: ■ Fungi from soil or bird droppings can cause pneumonia. They most often cause pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems. Examples of fungi that can cause pneumonia include: ■ Pneumocystis jirovecii ■ Cryptococcus species ■ Histoplasmosis species STAGES ■ Congestion. Lung tissue appears heavy and congested. Fluid filled with infectious organisms has accumulated in the air sacs. ■ Red hepatization. Red bloods cells and immune cells have entered into the fluid. This makes the lungs appear red and solid in appearance. ■ Gray hepatization. The red blood cells have begun to break down while immune cells remain. The breakdown of red blood cells causes a change in color, from red to gray. ■ Resolution. Immune cells have begun to clear the infection. A productive cough helps eject remaining fluid from the lungs. Signs and syptoms: ■ Chest pain when you breathe or cough ■ Confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults age 65 and older) ■ Cough, which may produce phlegm ■ Fatigue ■ Fever, sweating and shaking chills ■ Lower than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and people with weak immune systems) ■ Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea ■ Shortness of breath Risk factors:
■ Children who are 2 years old or younger
■ People who are age 65 or older ■ Being hospitalized ■ Chronic disease ■ Smoking ■ Weakened or suppressed immune system COMPLICATIONS
■ ARDS ■ Respiratory failure ■ Lung Abscess ■ Sepsis ■ Pleural effusion ■ Difficulty breathing DIAGNOSIS: ■ Chest X-ray ■ Blood culture ■ Sputum culture ■ Pulse oximetry ■ CT scan ■ Fluid sample ■ Bronchoscopy Medical management Physiotherapy Assessment PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT ■Respiratory physiotherapy is an commonly used in the treatment of pneumonia. ■These are used to aid airway clearance and improve the rate of breathing. ■Modified postural drainage - this allows gravity to drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs ■Shaking and vibes - to mobilize secretions ■ Coughing and huffing exercises - to expectorate secretions ■ Administer humidification - to mobilize secretions ■ Breathing exercises - Localized and Diaphragmatic ■ IPPB administration - to increase lung volumes ■ Mobilization of the patient - done to increase air entry, increase chest expansion, and to loosen secretions
