GPRS Fundamentals

Internal
OWB000001
GPRS Fundamental
ISSUE 2.0 www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

GPRS principle is the basic part of
the whole system and the later
products learning. This slide will
help us to understand the GPRS
system networking and some
important procedure.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

References
 3GPP protocol 23060

 Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
 Describe the GPRS networking
structure
 Describe the GPRS mobility
management procedure
 Describe the GPRS session
management procedure

Chapter 1 GPRS Network Structure
Chapter 2 Mobility Management
Chapter 3 Radio Resource management
Chapter 4 Session Managment

GPRS Network Structure
 What is GPRS?
 General Packet Radio Service
 Why GPRS?
 In order to provide the data service out the scope of the fixed network
 GPRS network classification
 GSM GPRS
 UMTS GPRS
 GPRS network background
 GSM GPRS network reuse the existed GSM network

 UMTS GPRS network just change the RAN side

MSC/VLR SMS-GMSC SCP GMLC HLR EIR
SMS-IWMSC
SS7
Gs Gd Ge Lg Gr Gf Gc
BSS FR SGSN Gn
GGSN PDN TE
ATM Gi
Um Gb GPRS
DDN
Gn Backbone
ISDN Ga
Ethernet.etc
UTRAN SGSN CG
ATM Ga
Um Iu
BG
Gp

 Some Abbreviation
 GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

 BSS: Base Station Subsystem
 UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
 SGSN: Service GPRS Support Node
 GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
 CG: Charging Gateway
 BG: Bordering Gateway
 PDN: Packet Data Network

 Some Abbreviation
 MSC/VLR: Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register

 SMS-GMSC: Gateway MSC For Short Message Service
 SMS-IWMSC: Short Message Service Interworking MSC
 SCP: Service Control Point
 GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center
 HLR: Home Location Register
 EIR: Equipment Identity Register

 Important Entity Function __ SGSN
 Mobility management
− The mobility management functions are used to keep track of the c
urrent location of an MS within the PLMN or within another PLMN.
 Session management
− Session Management (SM) function manages the PDP context of
MS.
 Routing and transfer
− SGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data between M
S and GGSN.
 Charging
− SGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs.
 Lawful Interception
 NTP

 Important Entity Function __ GGSN
 Session management
− Session Management (SM) function manages the PDP
context of MS.
 Routing and transfer
− GGSN performs routing and forwarding of service data b
etween MS and internet.
 Charging
− GGSN can generate, store, convert and send CDRs.
 Dynamic IP allocation
 Service management
− Manage APN

 Important Entity Function __ CG
 Real-time collection of GPRS bills

 Temporary storage and buffering of GPRS bills
 Pre-processing of GPRS bills
 Sending GPRS bills to the billing center

 Important Entity Function __ DNS
SGSN GGSN(A)
ISP A
GPRS backbone
ISP B
BSS
DNS Internet/
GGSN(B) Intranet
MS
 Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure
 Resolve the RAI to a SGSN IP in the inter-SGSN RAU procedure
 Resolve the RNCID to a SGSN IP in the relocation procedure (UMTS)

 Important Entity Function __ HLR/AUC
 Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data

 User authentication
 Providing location/routing information and processing neede
d in mobility management and routing, for example
− Saving and updating user service SGSN number and ad
dress
− GPRS user location deletion indication
− Whether MS is reachable
 Subscriber tracing (optional)

Section 1 Attach and Detach
Section 2 Location Management
Section 3 Security Function


GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
 Function of the Mobility Management
 keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN

or within another PLMN
 Subscription data management
 Ms states management

GMM (GPRS Mobility Management)
 GMM specific procedures
 Attach procedure
 RAU and periodic
 Detach
 Service request (UMTS only)
 GMM common procedures
 P-TMSI reallocation procedure

 Authentication procedure
 Identification procedure

2G Network States Transition
IDLE IDLE
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach or
Cancel Location
READY Implicit Detach READY

or
Cancel Location
READY timer expiry

READY timer expiry or
or PDU transmission PDU reception
Force to STANDBY
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
STANDBY STANDBY
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN

3G Network States Transition
PM M - PM M -
D ETAC H ED D ETAC H ED
D e ta c h , D e tac h ,
P S D e tac h P S A tta c h R e je c t, P S D e tac h P S A tta c h R e je c t,
P S A tta c h R A U R e je c t P S A tta c h R A U R ejec t
P S S ig n a llin g P S S ig n a l l i n g
C o n n e c t io n R e le a s e PM M - C o n n e c tio n R e le a s e PM M -
P M M - ID L E C ONNE CTE D P M M - ID L E
C ONNECTE D
S M - A C T IV E o r S M - A C T IV E o r S M - A C T IV E o r S M - A C T IV E o r
IN A C T IV E P S S ig n a l l i n g IN A C T IV E IN A C T IV E P S S ig n a llin g IN A C T IV E
C o n n e c t i o n E s t a b l is h C o n n e c t i o n E s t a b l is h
S e r v in g R N C
r e lo c a t io n
M S M M S ta te s 3 G -S G S N M M S ta te s

Attach Procedure
 Function
 An MS shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in

order to obtain access to the GPRS services. If the MS
is connected via a GSM radio, it shall perform a GSM
GPRS Attach procedure. If the MS is connected via a
UMTS radio access network, it shall perform a UMTS
GPRS Attach procedure

Attach Procedure
(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI) (PTMSI)
(IMSI)
(Identity Type = IMSI)
(IMSI)

Attach Procedure

Attach Procedure
 Results after any attach procedure
 SGSN get subscriber data from HLR

 HLR recorded the MS’s serving SGSN number
 SGSN and MS create MM context for the MS
 MS can request Session Management services

Reject caused by GPRS Core Network
Cause in attach reject Actions in PS domain Actions in CS domain
Illegal MS The MS shall set the GPRS update status to If the MS is IMSI attached, the MS
GU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED The shall in addition set the update
Illegal ME
SIM/USIM shall be considered as invalid for status to U3 ROAMING NOT
GPRS services until switching off or the ALLOWED, shall delete any TMSI,
SIM/USIM is removed LAI and ciphering key sequence
number
GPRS services not allowed The MS shall set the GPRS update status to no effect
GU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED; The
SIM/USIM shall be considered as invalid for
GPRS services until switching off or the
SIM/USIM is removed.
GPRS services not allowed in this shall set the GPRS update status to GU3
PLMN ROAMING NOT ALLOWED
PLMN not allowed shall set the GPRS update status to GU3 The MS shall perform a PLMN
ROAMING NOT ALLOWED), shall reset the selection
Location area not allowed
GPRS attach attempt counter and shall
Roaming not allowed in this location change to state GMM-DEREGISTERED
area
No Suitable Cells In Location Area shall set the GPRS update status to GU3 The MS shall search for a suitable
ROAMING NOT ALLOWED cell in another location area in the
same PLMN

Attach Procedure __ MM Context
Field Description A/Gb Iu mode
mode
IMSI IMSI is the main reference key. X X
MM State Mobility management state, IDLE, STANDBY, READY, PMM‑DETACHED, PMM‑IDLE, X X

or PMM‑CONNECTED.
P‑TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. X X
P‑TMSI Signature A signature used for identification checking purposes. X X
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity X X
MSISDN The basic MSISDN of the MS. X X
Routeing Area Current routeing area. X X
Cell Identity Current cell in READY state, last known cell in STANDBY or IDLE state. X
Cell Identity Age Time elapsed since the last LLC PDU was received from the MS at the SGSN. X
Service Area Code Last known SAC when initial UE message was received or Location Reporting X
procedure was executed.
Service Area Code Age Time elapsed since the last SAC was received at the 3G‑SGSN. X
VLR Number The VLR number of the MSC/VLR currently serving this MS. X X
New SGSN Address The IP address of the new SGSN where buffered and not sent N‑PDUs should be X X
forwarded to.
Authentication Vectors Authentication and ciphering parameters (authentication triplets or quintets). X X
Kc Currently used A/Gb mode ciphering key. X 2)
CKSN Ciphering key sequence number of Kc. X 2)
Ciphering algorithm Selected ciphering algorithm (GEA). X X

CK Currently used Iu mode ciphering key. 1) X
Attach Procedure __ MM Context
IK Currently used Iu mode integrity key. 1) X
KSI Key Set Identifier. 1) X
MS Radio Access Capability MS radio access capabilities. X
MS Network Capability MS network capabilities. X X
DRX Parameters Discontinuous reception parameters. X X
Radio Priority SMS The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink SMS transmission. X
MNRG Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the HLR. X X
NGAF Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the MSC/VLR. X X
PPF Indicates whether paging for PS and CS services can be initiated. X X
Subscribed Charging Characteristics The charging characteristics for the MS, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing X X
subscription.
SMS Parameters SMS-related parameters, e.g. operator-determined barring. X X
Recovery Indicates if HLR or VLR is performing database recovery. X X
GPRS‑CSI Optional GPRS CAMEL subscription information, see 3GPP TS 23.016 X X
ODB for PS parameters Indicates that the status of the operator determined barring for packet oriented services. X X
 The information marked with a "1)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the UMTS
authentication procedure.
 The information marked with a "2)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the GSM
authentication procedure.

Detach Procedure
 Function
 The GPRS Detach procedure allows an MS to inform the network

that it does not want to access the SGSN-based services any
longer
 The GPRS Detach procedure allows the network to inform an MS
that it does not have access to the SGSN-based services any more
 The following three entity can initiate the detach procedure
 MS
 SGSN
 HLR

Detach Procedure (MS Initiation)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request
2. Delete PDP Context Response
3. Detach Accept
4. PS Signalling Connection Release
Detach type
　　　 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 　
　
　
　 power off detach tye 　

Detach Procedure
 Results after any attach procedure
 The SGSN shall not service the detached MS, unless reattach
 The MS is in idle or PMM-DETACHED state
 The MS is detached either explicitly or implicitly:
 Explicit detach: The network or the MS explicitly requests

detach
 Implicit detach: The network detaches the MS, without notifying
the MS, a configuration-dependent time after the mobile
reachable timer expired, or after an irrecoverable radio error
causes disconnection of the logical link.


Location Management
 Function
 A mechanisms for cell and PLMN selection;

 A mechanism for the network to know the Routeing Area for MSs in
STANDBY, PMM‑IDLE, READY, and PMM‑CONNECTED states;
 A mechanism for the 2G‑SGSN to know the cell identity for MSs in
READY state;
 A mechanism for the UTRAN to know the URA identity or cell
identity for MSs in PMM‑CONNECTED state;
 A mechanism for the UTRAN to indicate to an MS in RRC
Connected mode when a Routeing Area Update procedure shall be
performed by providing the RAI;
 A mechanism for the network to know the address of the serving
RNC handling an MS in PMM‑CONNECTED state. This
mechanism is the serving RNC relocation procedure

Layered Location Management Mode (2G)
•HLR
•SGSN
•SGSN number
•BSS
•ready state: cell number
•MS •Standby state: RAI

Layered Location Management Mode (3G)
•HLR
•SGSN
•SGSN number
•RNC
•PMM-connect state: RNCID,RAI
•MS •PMM-idle: RAI

Network Architecture
PDN
 Route area update proced Gi

GGSN
ure
 SGSN can manage the old SGSN
Gn/Gp Gn/Gp
new SGSN
MS location informatio Gn
n via RAU procedure in

RAI level
Gr Gr
Iu IU
Iu IU
 Relocation procedure
HLR/AUC
Iur RNC1
 Move the Iu interface t RNC2 RNC4 RNC3
o the other RNC

 Handover procedure RA4 RA5 RA9 RA10
 Move the radio link to t RA1 RA2 RA3

RA6 RA7 RA9
he other NodeB
MS

Routeing Area Update Procedure
 RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:
 MS entered a new Route Area

 Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
 Inter-SGSN RAU
 The new SGSN find the old SGSN from the old RAI
 Old SGSN stop downlink signaling, transfer MM context an
d PDP context to new SGSN
 Tunnelling N-PDU to the new SGSN
 Update PDP context and subscriber data

Routeing Area Update Procedure
Gn
SGSN SGSN
RAI 1 RAI 2 RAI 3 RAI 4
cell
Inter SGSN -RAU
Intra SGSN-RAU
MS

Inter-SGSN RAU Procedure (2G)




Service Request Procedure (UMTS only)
 MS initiated
 For the active PDP context request procedure

 For the data transmission
 Network initiated
 Paging response

Service Request Procedure –MS initiated
M S R N C S G S N H LR G G S N
1 . R R C C o n n e c t io n R e q u e s t
1 . R R C C o n n e c t io n S e tu p
2 . S e r v ic e R e q u e s t
3 . S e c u r ity F u n c tio n s
4 . S e r v ic e A c c e p t
4 . R a d io A c c e s s B e a r e r A s s ig n m e n t
R equest
5 . R a d io B e a r e r S e tu p
6 . R a d io B e a r e r S e tu p
C o m p le t e
6 . R a d io A c c e s s B e a r e r A s s ig n m e n t
R esponse
7 . S G S N - I n it ia t e d P D P C o n t e x t M o d if ic a t io n
8 . U p lin k P D U

Service Request Procedure － network initiated
MS RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. Downlink PDU
2. Paging
2. Paging
3. RRC Connection Request
3. RRC Connection Setup
4. Service Request
5. Security Functions
6. Radio Access Bearer Assignment

6. Radio Bearer Setup Request
6. Radio Bearer Setup

Complete 6. Radio Access Bearer Assignment
Response
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure
8. Downlink PDU


Purge Function
 Function
 The Purge function allows an SGSN to inform the HLR

that it has deleted the MM and PDP contexts of a
detached MS
 After the MS detach from the network:
 The SGSN may delete the MM/PDP context

immediately
 the SGSN may keep the MM/PDP context for some
time of the detached MS

Purge Function
SGSN HLR
1. Purge MS
2. Purge MS Ack

Mobility Management Timer Function
 Periodic RA Update Timer Function

 Monitors the periodic routing area update procedure in the MS
 Upon its expiry, the MS shall start a periodic routing area update procedure.
 The length of the timer is set in SGSN; The value of the timer is sent to MS i
n attach accept message or routing update accept message
 Mobile Reachable Timer Function
 Upon the expiry of this timer, the MS is detached
 This is reset and started when the state returns to STANDBY or PMM ‑IDLE
 The timer shall be slightly longer than the periodic RA update timer used by
an MS
 The length of the timer is set in SGSN
 Purge Timer Function
 Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM and PDP
contexts of a detached MS.
 The purge timer is set longer than the mobile reachable timer

Authentication Function
 Function
 Permit the network to check whether the identity provided

by the mobile station is acceptable or not;
 Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate
a new ciphering key ; （ UMTS and GSM ）
 Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate
a new UMTS integrity key; （ UMTS only ）
 Permit the mobile station to authenticate the network.
（ UMTS only ）

Authentication Function
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN HLR/Auc
1a. Send Authentication Info
1b . Send Authentication Info ack

2a. Authentication and Ciphering Request
2b. Authentication and Ciphering Response

Authentication Function(3G)
MS VLR/SGSN HE/HLR
Authentication data request
Generate authentication
Distribution of vectors AV(1..n)
authentication
vectors from HE
to SN Authentication data response
AV(1..n)
Store authentication vectors
Select authentication vector AV(i)
User authentication request

RAND(i) || AUTN(i)
Verify AUTN(i)
Compute RES(i)
Authentication and
key establishment
User authentication response
RES(i)
Compare RES(i) and XRES(i)
Compute CK(i) and IK(i) Select CK(i) and IK(i)

Authentication Function (2G-3G)
Release 99+ Release 98- or Release 99+
CK, IK  Kc
HLR/AuC RES  SRES HLR/AuC
Quintets Triplets Triplets Triplets
Release 99+ VLR/SGSN Release 98- Release 99+ Release 98-

VLR/SGSN VLR/SGSN VLR/SGSN
CK, IK  Kc
CK, IK  Kc RES  SRES Kc  CK, IK
CK [Kc] [Kc] [Kc] CK [Kc] [Kc] [Kc]

IK IK
UTRAN GSM BSS UTRAN GSM BSS

RAND RAND RAND RAND RAND RAND RAND RAND
AUTN AUTN [AUTN] SRES
SRES SRES SRES SRES
RES RES SRES
ME capable of ME not ME
UMTS AKA
capable of UMTS R99+ UE R98- UE R99+ UE
AKA or
Kc  CK, IK R98- UE
CK, IK CK, IK Kc Kc
Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc
CK, IK  Kc CK, IK  Kc CK, IK  Kc CK, IK  Kc

RES  SRES RES  SRES
SIM
USIM
UMTS security GSM security GSM security context

context context

Identity Check
 Function
 Get IMSI from MS

 Check the IMEI

Identity Check
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN EIR
1. Identity Request
1. Identity Response
2. Check IMEI
2. Check IMEI Ack

P‑TMSI Reallocation
 Function
 The SGSN may reallocate the P‑TMSI at any time

 The reallocation procedure can be performed by the
P‑TMSI Reallocation procedure
 The P‑TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area
Update procedures.

P‑TMSI Reallocation
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command
2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete


Paging Summary
 MM state in SGSN,MS
 PMM-IDLE
 STANDBY mode
 A Paging message is received by MS
 P-TMSI is used to identify the MS

 If P-TMSI is invalid or MS not respond ,then use IMSI
 Change MM state in MS to PMM-Connected or Ready

Paging for GPRS (2G)
 Function
 An MS in STANDBY state is paged by the SGSN before a

downlink transfer to that MS
 Paging move the MS state from STANDBY to READY.
 Any uplink data from MS is a valid response to paging

Paging for GPRS (2G)
MS BSS SGSN
1. PDP PDU
STANDBY 2. Paging Request
3. GPRS Paging Request

(IMSI, P‑TMSI,
Area, Channel
4. Any LLC Frame
Needed, QoS,
(Receive Ready or 5. Any LLC Frame DRX
Information frame) Parameters)
READY

Paging Initiated by CN (3G)
 PS Paging Initiated by 3G‑SGSN without RRC Connection for CS
 A CN node requests paging only for MSs in PMM‑IDLE state

 The RNS controls whether the MS has an established RRC
connection or not
 MS has no RRC connection
 Paging Type 1 is transferred on the Paging channel

PS Paging Initiated by 3G‑SGSN without RRC Connection for CS
MS RNS MSC/VLR
3G-SGSN
1. PDP PDU or
PMM IDLE Downlink signaling
2. Paging
3. Paging Type1 (PCH paging)
(IMSI, P‑TMSI,
4. Service Request Area, CN
4. Service Request Domain
Indicator, DRX
PMM parameters)
CONNECTED

 PS Paging Initiated by 3G‑SGSN with RRC Connection for CS
 A CN node requests paging only for MSs in PMM‑IDLE state

 The RNS controls whether the MS has an established RRC
connection or not
 In this case, MS has an established RRC connection for CS service
 Paging Type 2 is base on the establish RRC connection

PS Paging Initiated by 3G‑SGSN with RRC Connection for CS
MS RNS MSC/VLR
Connection Established
3G-SGSN
1. PDP PDU or
PMM IDLE Downlink signalling
2. Paging
3. Paging Type2 (RRC paging)
(IMSI, P‑TMSI,
4. Service Request Area, CN
4. Service Request Domain
Indicator, DRX
PMM parameters)
CONNECTED


Session Management
 Function
 Establish and monitor a packet tunnel from MS to GGSN, and
allocate system resource for the packet service.
 Important Procedure
 PDP Context Activation
 PDP Context Modification
 PDP Context Deactivation

Session Management
BTS BSC
ISP A
GGSN (A) ISP B
MS
•APN_NI/
SGSN GGSN (B)
Backbone Corp.
•Or APN_NI+APN_OI DNS Network
•APN-NI
DNS DNS
•APN_NI+APN_OI ＝
GGSN IP address

PDP Context
 PDP Context
 The PDP context is Packet Data Protocol context
 PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer user data
between MS and GGSN.
 The context includes parameters such as Routing, QoS (Quality of
Service), Charging ID etc.
 PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN and RNC/BSS

PDP Context
Each MM context contains zero or more of the following PDP contexts:
Field Description A/Gb mode Iu mode
PDP Context Identifier Index of the PDP context. X X
PDP State Packet data protocol state, INACTIVE or ACTIVE. X X
PDP Type PDP type, e.g. PPP or IP. X X
PDP Address PDP address, e.g. an IP address. X X
APN Subscribed The APN received from the HLR. X X
APN in Use The APN currently used. This APN shall be composed of the APNNetwork X X
Identifier and the APN Operator Identifier.
NSAPI Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. X X
TI Transaction Identifier. X X
TEID for Gn/Gp Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Gn and Gp interfaces. X X
TEID for Iu Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Iu interface. X
GGSN Address in Use The IP address of the GGSN currently used. X X
VPLMN Address Allowed Specifies whether the MS is allowed to use the APN in the domain of the X X
HPLMN only, or additionally the APN in the domain of the VPLMN.
QoS Profile Subscribed The quality of service profile subscribed. X X

PDP Context
QoS Profile Requested The quality of service profile requested. X X
QoS Profile Negotiated The quality of service profile negotiated. X X
Radio Priority The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink user data transmission. X
Packet Flow Id Packet flow identifier. X
Aggregate BSS QoS Profile The aggregate BSS quality of service profile negotiated for the packet flow that X
Negotiated this PDP context belongs to.
Send N‑PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next downlink N‑PDU to be sent to the MS. X
Receive N‑PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next uplink N‑PDU expected from the MS. X
GTP‑SND GTP‑U sequence number of the next downlink N‑PDU to be sent to the MS. X X
GTP‑SNU GTP‑U sequence number of the next uplink N‑PDU to be sent to the GGSN. X X
PDCP‑SND Sequence number of the next downlink in-sequence PDCP‑PDU to be sent to X

the MS.
PDCP‑SNU Sequence number of the next uplink in-sequence PDCP‑PDU expected from the X
MS.
Charging Id Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated by SGSN and GGSN. X X
PDP Context Charging The charging characteristics of this PDP context, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, X X
Characteristics and/or hot billing.
RNC Address in Use The IP address of the RNC currently used. X

MM Context and PDP Context
HLR
MS BSC SGSN GGSN

Uu Gb/ Iu Gn
or RNC
MM context PDP context #1
MM context
PDP context #1 PDP context #1 .
. . .
. . .
PDP context #n PDP context #n PDP context #n

Important Concept __ PDP State
INACTIVE
Deactivate PDP Context

Activate PDP or
Context MM state change to IDLE
or PMM-DETACHED
ACTIVE
 PDP state
 inactive ： cannot transmit data
 active ： can transmit data

Important Concept __ PDP Type and PDP Address
 PDP Type
 IPV4
 IPV6
 PPP
 PDP Address
 Static IP
− Public IP
− Allocate by the operator
 Dynamic IP
− Private IP
− Allocate by GGSN, DNCP or Radius

Important Concept __ QoS
 QoS is quality of service
 It is a group of parameters that can define the network ability, s

uch as the bit rate for downlink or uplink data transmission and
the reliability class and so on
 It is end to end concept

Important Concept __ APN
 APN structure: APN_NI+APN_OI
huawei.com.cn.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN APN
Network ID Operator ID
•Operator ID : fixed extension, must end with “.gprs”
•Network ID shall not end with “.gprs”

APN1
IP1 GGSN1
APN1
APN2 MS APN SGSN GGSN2
APN2
APN3
APN GGSN IP
GGSN3
APN3
DNS APN1=GGSN1 IP1

APN2=GGSN2 IP2
APN3=GGSN3 IP3

 General APN
•internet
GGSN GGSN
•GuangDong province
SGSN SGSN
APN:CMNET
MS MS
Roaming

 Area APN
VPN tunnel
GGSN GGSN
Province 1 Province 2
SGSN SGSN
APN:test.xy
MS MS
Roaming

Activation Procedure
 PDP context activation procedure
 To establish a PDP context between the MS and the

SGSN, the GGSN

PDP Active Procedure (2G)
MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
C1
2. Security Functions
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
5. Activate PDP Context Accept

PDP Active Procedure (3G)
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request

(PDP Type, PDP Address, Access Point Name,
QoS Requested) C1
2. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. Radio Access Bearer Setup （ Qo

Charging ID allocation
s）
IP address
5. Update PDP Context Request
6. Update PDP Context Response
C2
7. Activate PDP Context Accept

Handle in MS
 MS start and send “Active PDP context request” to SGS

N
 Provide QoS parameter
 Provide a APN-NI
 Provide a static IP or null
 Receive ACCEPT from SGSN
 If the QoS not accept by MS, then starts delete PDP contex
t procedure.

Handle in SGSN
 Check subscriber data
 APN selection
 According to TS 23.060
 default APN,APN provide from MS and the APN subscribed in HLR
 APN-NI.APN-OI
 Interrogate DNS
 Hostfile/Cache/DNS server
 QoS negotiation
 QoS provided from MS, default QoS ,QoS subscribed in HLR
 Send message “create PDP context request” to GGSN
 RAB assignment
 Send message “active PDP context accept” to MS
 Dynamic IP address
 QoS

Handle in RNC
 RAB assignment
MS SGSN GGSN
RAB assignment (Fi

RNC nal negotiated Qos)
Allocate radio resource Allocate Iu interface resource

Handle in GGSN
 Check the APN provided by SGSN
 QoS negotiation
 Allocate a dynamic IP to the MS
 Allocate a charging ID for the PDP context

 Return a CREATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT message to SGSN
 Dynamic IP
 QoS
 Charging ID
 Other information
 Update PDP context

Typical Application
 E-mail from fixed to mobile network
HLR
BTS/ BSC/ GGSN

SGSN
NodeB RNC Backbone
Access
MS server
ISP
Mail
server
e-mail

Typical Application
 E-mail from mobile to fixed network
HLR
BTS/ BSC/ GGSN

SGSN
NodeB RNC Backbone
Access
MS server
ISP
Mail
server
e-mail

Summary
Summary
 In the whole GPRS fundamental, you
should remember some important
concept and the basic signalling
procedure

Thank You
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Internal

ISSUE 2.0 www.huawei.com

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 3GPP protocol 23060

 3GPP protocol 29060

 3GPP protocol 24008

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Chapter 2 Mobility Management

Chapter 3 Radio Resource management

Chapter 4 Session Managment

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 General Packet Radio Service

 GPRS network classification

 GPRS network background

 GSM GPRS network reuse the existed GSM network

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 GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

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 MSC/VLR: Mobile Switch Center/Visitor Location Register

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 Important Entity Function __ CG

 Real-time collection of GPRS bills

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 Important Entity Function __ HLR/AUC

 Saving and updating GPRS subscriber subscription data

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Section 1 Attach and Detach

Section 2 Location Management

Section 3 Security Function

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Section 1 Attach and Detach

Section 2 Location Management

Section 3 Security Function

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 Function of the Mobility Management

 keep track of the current location of an MS within the PLMN

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 GMM specific procedures

 P-TMSI reallocation procedure

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READY Implicit Detach READY

READY timer expiry

MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN

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 An MS shall perform a GPRS Attach to the SGSN in

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(IMSI or PTMSI+RAI) (PTMSI)

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 Results after any attach procedure

 SGSN get subscriber data from HLR

 MS can request Session Management services

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