 Is a type of literature

based on interplay of
words and rhythm.
 In poetry the sound
and meaning of words
are combined to
express feelings,
thoughts, and ideas.
 The poet chooses
words carefully.
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 TYPES OF POETRY
 Narrative Poetry  Lyric Poetry
 tells a story  express the
 Characters are feelings of the
involved in conflicts writer.
 Readers look  may often
forward to seeing suggest glimpse
how the conflict
of stories
finally resolved
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 ELEMENTS OF POETRY
Writers use many elements to create their
poems. These elements include:
 Voice
 Rhythm
 Sound
 Figures of Speech
 Imagery
 Form
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 Hello!
Voice Hi!

“Voice” is the speaker in a poem. The

speaker can be the poet himself or a
character he created in the poem. There
can be one speaker or many speakers.

 Poet as speaker
 Human character in poem as speaker
 Object or animal as speaker

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Voice: Poet as Speaker
The Wind

Who has seen the wind?

Neither I nor you:
But when the leaves hang trembling
The wind is passing thro’.

Who has seen the wind?

Neither you nor I:
But when the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by. In this poem, the poet
speaks of her feelings
by Christina Rosetti about the power of the
wind.

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 Voice: Human Character as Speaker
For Keeps

We had a tug of war today

Old March Wind and I.
He tried to steal my new red kite
That Daddy helped me fly.
He huffed and puffed.
I pulled so hard
And held that string so tight In this poem, the voice is
Old March Wind gave up at last that of a child flying a kite
And let me keep my kite. on a windy day. The child
is the character in the
by Jean Conder Soule
poem.

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Voice: Object as Speaker
Crayon Dance

The cardboard ceiling lifts

Pickmepickmepickme, I pray
The fingers do! They choose me,
Sky Blue!
Hurrah! Hooray!
In this poem, the voice is that
by April Halprin Wayland of a blue crayon, happy to be
picked by the artist. The
crayon is the character in the
poem.

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Voice: Animal as Speaker
Turtle in July

Heavy
Heavy hot
Heavy hot hangs
Thick sticky
Icky
But I lie
Nose high In this poem, the voice is that of a
Cool pool turtle keeping cool on a hot July
day. The turtle is the character in
No fool
the poem.
A turtle in July
by Marilyn Singer
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Rhythm
 Rhythm is the flow of the
beat in a poem.
 Gives poetry a musical
feel.
 Can be fast or slow,
depending on mood and
subject of poem.
 You can measure rhythm
in meter, by counting the
beats in each line.
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Rhythm Example
The Pickety Fence by David McCord
The pickety fence
The pickety fence
Give it a lick it's
The pickety fence
Give it a lick it's
A clickety fence
Give it a lick it's a lickety fence
Give it a lick
Give it a lick
Give it a lick
With a rickety stick
pickety The rhythm in this poem is fast –
pickety to match the speed of the stick
striking the fence.
pickety
pick.
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Rhythm Example
Where Are You Now?
When the night begins to fall
And the sky begins to glow
You look up and see the tall
City of lights begin to grow –
In rows and little golden squares
The lights come out. First here, then there
Behind the windowpanes as though
A million billion bees had built The rhythm in this poem is
Their golden hives and honeycombs slow – to match the night
Above you in the air. gently falling and the
lights slowly coming on.
By Mary Britton Miller

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RHYTHM: BEAT
Ĭ wándeřed lóneĬy ás ă cloud
Thăt floáts ŏn hígh o’ěr váles ănd hílls

-William Wordsworth, “I
Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”

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 Sound
Writers love to use interesting sounds in
their poems. After all, poems are meant
to be heard. These sound devices include:
 Rhyme
 Repetition
 Alliteration
 Onomatopoeia
 Consonance
 Assonance
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 Rhyme
 Rhymes are words that
end with the same sound.
(Hat, cat and bat rhyme.)
 Rhyming sounds don’t
have to be spelled the
same way. (Cloud and
allowed rhyme.)
 Rhyme is the most
common sound device in
poetry.

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 Rhyming Patterns
 Poets can choose from  AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme
a variety of different and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
rhyming patterns.  ABAB – lines 1 & 3 rhyme
and lines 2 & 4 rhyme
 ABBA – lines 1 & 4 rhyme
and lines 2 & 3 rhyme
 ABCB – lines 2 & 4 rhyme
and lines 1 & 3 do not
rhyme

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 AABB Rhyming Pattern
First Snow

Snow makes whiteness where it falls.

The bushes look like popcorn balls.
And places where I always play,
Look like somewhere else today.
By Marie Louise Allen

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ABAB Rhyming Pattern
Oodles of Noodles

I love noodles. Give me oodles.

Make a mound up to the sun.
Noodles are my favorite foodles.
I eat noodles by the ton.

By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr.

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ABBA Rhyming Pattern
From “Bliss”

Let me fetch sticks,

Let me fetch stones,
Throw me your bones,
Teach me your tricks.
By Eleanor Farjeon

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ABCB Rhyming Pattern

The Alligator

The alligator chased his tail

Which hit him in the snout;
He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it,
And turned right inside-out.
by Mary Macdonald

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 Repetition
 Repetition occurs when
poets repeat words,
phrases, or lines in a
poem.
 Creates a pattern.
 Increases rhythm.
 Strengthens feelings,
ideas and mood in a
poem.
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 Repetition Example
The Sun

Some one tossed a pancake,

A buttery, buttery, pancake.
Someone tossed a pancake
And flipped it up so high,
That now I see the pancake,
The buttery, buttery pancake,
Now I see that pancake
Stuck against the sky.

by Sandra Liatsos

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 Alliteration
 Alliteration is the
repetition of the first
consonant sound in
words, as in the
nursery rhyme:
“Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled The snake slithered silently
peppers.” along the sunny sidewalk.

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 Alliteration Example
This Tooth
I jiggled it
jaggled it
jerked it.
I pushed
and pulled
and poked it.
But –
As soon as I stopped,
And left it alone
This tooth came out
On its very own!
by Lee Bennett Hopkins
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 Onomatopoeia
 Words that represent the
actual sound of something
are words of onomatopoeia.
Dogs “bark,” cats “purr,”
thunder “booms,” rain
“drips,” and the clock “ticks.”
 Appeals to the sense of
sound.

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 Onomatopoeia Example
Listen
Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch.
Crunch, crunch, crunch.
Frozen snow and brittle ice
Make a winter sound that’s nice
Underneath my stamping feet
And the cars along the street.
Scrunch, scrunch, scrunch.
Crunch, crunch, crunch.
by Margaret Hillert
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CONSONANCE
EXAMPLES:
Some late visitor
Is the repetition of entreating entrance at
consonant sound my chamber door.
within or at the
end of the words I dropped the locket
 
in the thick mud and it
got stuck.

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ASSONANCE
Is the repetition EXAMPLES:
of vowel sounds Along the window
within words. sill, the lipstick stabs
  glittered in their steel
shells.

Mellow, wedding,
bells, and foretells.

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Imagery
 Imagery is the use of words
to create pictures, or images,
in your mind.
 Appeals to the five senses:
smell, sight, hearing, taste
Five Senses
and touch.
 Details about smells, sounds,
colors, and taste create
strong images.
 To create vivid images
writers use figures of speech.
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 IMAGERY: VISUALS

 The night was black as ever, but bright

stars lit up the sky in beautiful and
varied constellations which were
sprinkled across the astronomical
landscape.

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 IMAGERY: SOUND

 Silencewas broken by the peal of

piano keys as Shannon began
practicing her concerto.

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 IMAGERY: SMELL

 Shesmelled the scent of sweet hibiscus

wafting through the air, its tropical smell a
reminder that she was on vacation in a
beautiful place.

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 IMAGERY: TASTE

 The candy melted in her mouth and swirls

of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet
but salty caramel blended together on her
tongue.

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 IMAGERY: TOUCH

 Afterthe long run, he collapsed in the

grass with tired and burning muscles.
The grass tickled his skin and sweat
cooled on his brow.

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IMAGERY EXAMPLES:

Listen! You hear the grating roar

Of pebbles which the waves draw back and
fling
At their return, up the high strand.

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Figures of Speech
 Figures of speech are
tools that writers use to
create images, or “paint
pictures,” in your mind.
 Similes, metaphors, and
personification are three
figures of speech that
create imagery.

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Simile
 A simile compares
two things using
the words “like” or
“as.”
 Comparing one
thing to another
creates a vivid The runner streaked
image. like a cheetah.

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 Simile Example
Flint
An emerald is as green as grass,
A ruby red as blood;
A sapphire shines as blue as heaven;
A flint lies in the mud.

A diamond is a brilliant stone,

To catch the world’s desire;
An opal holds a fiery spark;
But a flint holds fire.
By Christina Rosetti
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Metaphor
 A metaphor compares
two things without
using the words “like”
or “as.”
 Gives the qualities of
one thing to
something that is
The winter wind is a wolf
quite different. howling at the door.

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 Metaphor Example
The Night is a Big Black Cat

The Night is a big black cat

The moon is her topaz eye,
The stars are the mice she hunts at night,
In the field of the sultry sky.

By G. Orr Clark

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Personification
 Personification
gives human
traits and feelings
to things that are
not human – like
animals or The moon smiled down at me.

objects.

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 Personification Example
From “Mister Sun”
Mister Sun
Wakes up at dawn,
Puts his golden
Slippers on,
Climbs the summer
Sky at noon,
Trading places
With the moon.
by J. Patrick Lewis
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 HYPERBOLE

 usesexaggeration for emphasis

or effect.

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 HYPERBOLE EXAMPLES

 I've told you to stop a thousand times.

 That must have cost a billion dollars.
 I could do this forever.
 She's older than dirt.

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 IRONY

 occurs when there's a marked contrast

between what is said and what is
meant, or between appearance and
reality.

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 IRONY EXAMPLES
1. Afterlooking at a student’s poor test score,
the teacher says, “You will surely finish
the year with highest honors”.
2. Our boss, the owner of a big construction
firm, cannot fix his house’s broken ceiling.
3. The defense lawyer failed to acquit his
son in a case.

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 OXYMORON
 The defining characteristic of an
oxymoron is combining words or phrases
that have opposite meanings.
 an oxymoron is often referred to as
a contradiction in terms.

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 OXYMORON EXAMPLES
 There is a real love hate relationship
developing between the two of them.
 Suddenly the room filled with a deafening
silence.
 I let out a silent scream as the cat walked
through the door carrying a dead bird.
 Parting is such sweet sorrow.
 The comedian was seriously funny.

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POETIC FORMS
 COUPLET
 TERCET
 QUATRAIN
 HAIKU
 CONCRETE POEM
 FREE VERSE
 LIMERICK
 ACROSTIC
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Lines and Stanzas
 Most poems are March
written in lines. A blue day
 A group of lines in A blue jay
a poem is called a
stanza. And a good beginning.
 Stanzas separate
ideas in a poem. One crow,
They act like Melting snow –
paragraphs.
Spring’s winning!
 This poem has two
stanzas. By Eleanor Farjeon

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 Couplet
 A couplet is a poem,
or stanza in a poem,
written in two lines.
 Usually rhymes.

The Jellyfish
Who wants my jellyfish?
I’m not sellyfish!
By Ogden Nash

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 Tercet
 A tercet is a poem, or
stanza, written in three
lines.
 Usually rhymes.
 Lines 1 and 2 can
rhyme; lines 1 and 3 can
rhyme; sometimes all 3
lines rhyme. Winter Moon
How thin and sharp is the moon tonight!
How thin and sharp and ghostly white
Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight!
By Langston Hughes
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 Quatrain
 A quatrain is a poem,
or stanza, written in
four lines.
 The quatrain is the
most common form of
stanza used in poetry. The Lizard
 Usually rhymes. The lizard is a timid thing
 Can be written in That cannot dance or fly or sing;
variety of rhyming He hunts for bugs beneath the floor
patterns. And longs to be a dinosaur.
By John Gardner

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 Haiku
 A haiku is a Japanese
poem with 3 lines of 5, 7,
and 5 syllables. (Total of
17 syllables.)
 Does not rhyme.
 Is about an aspect of
Little frog among
nature or the seasons.
rain-shaken leaves, are you, too,
 Captures a moment in
time. splashed with fresh, green paint?
by Gaki

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 Concrete Poem
 A concrete poem (also
called shape poem) is
written in the shape of
its subject.
 The way the words are
arranged is as important
what they mean.
 Does not have to rhyme.

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 Free Verse
Revenge
 A free verse poem
When I find out
does not use rhyme or who took
patterns. the last cooky

 Can vary freely in out of the jar

and left
length of lines, me a bunch of
stanzas, and subject. stale old messy
crumbs, I'm
going to take
me a handful
and crumb
up someone's bed.

By Myra Cohn Livingston

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 Acrostic
 In an acrostic poem
the first letter of each
line, read down the
page, spells the
subject of the poem.
Loose brown parachute
 Type of free verse
poem. Escaping
 Does not usually And
rhyme. Floating on puffs of air.
by Paul Paolilli

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 Limerick

 A limerick is a funny
poem of 5 lines.
 Lines 1, 2 & 5 rhyme.
 Lines 3 & 4 are
shorter and rhyme. There Seems to Be a Problem
 Line 5 refers to line 1. I really don’t know about Jim.

 Limericks are a kind When he comes to our farm for a swim,

of nonsense poem. The fish as a rule,

jump out of the pool.
Is there something the matter with him?
By John Ciardi
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