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    Chapter 8

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    Joshua Iver Orolaza
    This document discusses the meaning and structure of academic writing. It defines academic writing as any formal writing done for college that may be published or presented. Examples include research papers, theses, and analyses. The document outlines the process of writing, including choosing a topic, considering the audience and purpose, organizing ideas, and revising. It describes common parts of academic texts like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Finally, it provides examples of key academic text types such as research reports, analyses, and proposals.

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    Chapter 8

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Iver Orolaza
    40 views29 pages
    This document discusses the meaning and structure of academic writing. It defines academic writing as any formal writing done for college that may be published or presented. Examples include research papers, theses, and analyses. The document outlines the process of writing, including choosing a topic, considering the audience and purpose, organizing ideas, and revising. It describes common parts of academic texts like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Finally, it provides examples of key academic text types such as research reports, analyses, and proposals.

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    CHAPTER-8

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    This document discusses the meaning and structure of academic writing. It defines academic writing as any formal writing done for college that may be published or presented. Examples include research papers, theses, and analyses. The document outlines the process of writing, including choosing a topic, considering the audience and purpose, organizing ideas, and revising. It describes common parts of academic texts like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Finally, it provides examples of key academic text types such as research reports, analyses, and proposals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views29 pages

    Chapter 8

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Iver Orolaza
    This document discusses the meaning and structure of academic writing. It defines academic writing as any formal writing done for college that may be published or presented. Examples include research papers, theses, and analyses. The document outlines the process of writing, including choosing a topic, considering the audience and purpose, organizing ideas, and revising. It describes common parts of academic texts like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Finally, it provides examples of key academic text types such as research reports, analyses, and proposals.

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    COMMUNICATION

    FOR
    ACADEMIC PURPOSES
    The Meaning of Academic Writing

    In broadest sense, “academic writing is


    any writing done to fulfill a requirement
    of a college or university which may be
    used for publications that are read by
    teacher and researchers or presented at
    conferences.”
    A more narrow meaning specifies that
    academic writing is any formal written work
    produced in an academic setting by
    students, professors, and researchers in
    every discipline to convey ideas, make
    arguments, and engage in scholarly
    conversation.
    Examples:
    literary analyses, research papers, theses and
    dissertations
    How Academic Writing is Done

    1. Choose a topic. Look for any topic


    that interests you. The topic
    should be appropriate to the kind
    of text assigned and to the
    specified, required time of
    completion.
    2. Consider the rhetorical elements.
    a. Purpose for writing
    b. Expected audience
    c. Stance –whether serious, objective, critical
    opinionated, curious, passionate, or
    indifferent
    d. Tone – whether funny , ironic, reasonable,
    thoughtful, angry, or gentle
    e. Genre that calls for either formal or
    informal
    language
    f. Medium – print, spoken, or electronic
    g. Design – format, typefaces,
    illustrations, and audio-visual materials
    3. Generate ideas and text. Aim to
    find the best information and
    credible sources. Self-publish media,
    such as websites, should be
    evaluated, if managed by experts or
    group of experts.
    4. Organize you ideas. The
    organization needed to on rhetorical
    elements, like purpose, audience,
    stance, and tone, genre and
    medium.
    5. Write out a draft. Consider your
    genre, medium, and design when
    deciding on register and style of
    writing.
    6. Revise, edit, and proofread. Pay
    special attention to correctness of
    language (grammar, mechanics,
    style).
    7. Evaluate your work.
    a. How well did you convey the
    information?
    b. What strategies did you rely on, and
    did they help you achieve your purpose?
    c. How well did you organize your ideas?
    Structure of Academic Texts
    1. Aim. This is the general purpose of
    the text, and it appears after the
    introduction.
    Example:
    To investigate how effective nursing
    interventions are for smoking
    cessation.
    2. Research questions. The
    questions, which are placed after the
    aim, limit or specify the aim.
    Example:
    What nursing interventions exist?
    How many patients are still smoke-
    free after one year?
    3. Introduction. This comes before
    the aim and the research questions.
    Explain the importance of the aim,
    mention that there is something
    about it that is not yet known, and
    specify the benefits that can be
    gained from the knowledge to be
    discovered.
    4. Methods and materials. Mention
    what procedure you followed to
    achieve your aim and answer you
    research questions. First, your readers
    should understand how you got the
    results, and second, after reading this
    section, they should be able to
    duplicate your research.
    5. Results. Present the results objectively
    without interpreting them because the
    interpretation will appear in the
    discussion section. For text coherence,
    sequence the results by following the
    particular order of the research questions
    as the were given.
    6. Discussion. This is where you interpret your
    results. It is the most difficult part because you
    need to analyze the results and interpret them at
    the same time.
    Outline of Discussion
    a. First paragraph: Repeat the aim and give the
    importance of the study to the field. For instance,
    you can say:
    “This is the first study to examine the correlation
    between…”
    Then briefly account for the most important parts
    of your results, perhaps linking them to your
    hypothesis if you have one.
    b. The rest of the discussion analyzes
    and interprets the results. The following
    questions can help:
    •What do your results mean?
    •How do they relate to previous
    research? What are the reasons for
    potential differences between your
    study and previous research?
    •How may your method have affected
    your results.
    •What are the strengths and weaknesses
    of the study?
    7. Conclusion. Make a general statement about
    your aim and your results; focus on the
    implications of your results and mention the need
    for further research.

    8. References. Indicate all cited sources of data,


    and use the APA style of documentation.
    Parts of Research/Scholarly Report
    Title Page
    Abstract
    Introduction
    • Goals and significance of Research
    • Literature Review
    • Aim and Research Questions and/or Hypothesis
    Method and Materials
    •Participants or Sampling
    •Procedure Used
    •Measures Used (if quantitative
    study)
    Results

    Discussion
    • Analysis and Interpretation of Results
    • Conclusions
    • Recommendations for Future Research

    References
    Key Features of Academic Texts
    1. Literacy Narrative. A well-told story, vivid detail,
    clear significance.
    2. Article/Book Review. A summary of text,
    attention to context, a clear interpretation,
    support for your conclusion
    3. Research Report. A tightly focused topic, well-
    researched information, various writing strategies,
    clear definitions, appropriate design.

    4. Position Paper. A clear and arguable position,


    background information, good reasons, convincing
    evidence, appeals to readers, a trustworthy tone,
    consideration of any other positions.
    5. Abstract, such as informative, descriptive,
    critical abstracts (a summary of basic information,
    objective description, brevity)

    6. Evaluation. A concise description of the subject,


    clearly defined criteria, a knowledgeable
    discussion, a balanced and fair assessment, well-
    supported reasons.
    7. Laboratory Report. An explicit title, abstract,
    purpose, methods, results and discussion,
    references, appendices, appropriate format.

    8. Literary Analysis. An arguable thesis, careful


    attention to the language of the text, attention to
    patterns or themes, a clear interpretation.
    9. Proposal. A well-defined problem, a
    recommended solution, a convincing argument
    for your solution, possible questions, a call for
    action, an appropriate tone.

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