Science 7 WEEK 3

Science 7
Week 3
Elements
and
Compounds
Objectives:
Recognize that substances are classified
into elements and compounds.
Classify elements as metals, non-metals

and metalloids based on their physical
and chemical properties.
Chemistry
The Periodic Table of Elements
Rows are called “Periods”
Columns are called “Groups”
Columns (Groups) are also called Families
Groups and Periods
Group: Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals
• The alkali family is found in the

first column of the periodic
table.
• Atoms of the alkali metals have
a single electron in their
outermost level, in other words,
1 valence electron.
• They are shiny, have the
consistency of clay, and are
easily cut with a knife.
Alkali Metals
• They are the most reactive

metals.
• They react violently with
water.
• Alkali metals are never found
as free elements in nature.
They are always bonded with
another element.
Group: Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
• They are never found uncombined in nature.

• They have two valence electrons.
• Alkaline earth metals include magnesium and calcium, among
others.
Region: Transition Metals
Transition Metals
• Transition Elements include those

elements in the B families.
• These are the metals you are
probably most familiar: copper, tin,
zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver.
• They are good conductors of heat
and electricity.
Transition Metals
• The compounds of transition metals are usually brightly colored and are often
used to color paints.
• Transition elements have 1 or 2 valence electrons, which they lose when they
form bonds with other atoms. Some transition elements can lose electrons in
their next-to-outermost level.
Transition Elements
• Transition elements have properties similar to one another
and to other metals, but their properties do not fit in with
those of any other family.
• Many transition metals combine chemically with oxygen
to form compounds called oxides.
Rare Earth Elements
• The thirty rare earth

elements are composed of
the lanthanide and actinide
series.
• One element of the
lanthanide series and most
of the elements in the
actinide series are called
trans-uranium, which means
synthetic or man-made.
Boron Family
• The Boron Family is named

after the first element in the
family.
• Atoms in this family have 3
valence electrons.
• This family includes a
metalloid (boron), and the rest
are metals.
• This family includes the most
abundant metal in the earth’s
crust (aluminum).
Carbon Family
• Atoms of this family have 4

valence electrons.
• This family includes a non-
metal (carbon), metalloids,
and metals.
• The element carbon is called
the “basis of life.” There is an
entire branch of chemistry
devoted to carbon
compounds called organic
chemistry.
Nitrogen Family
• The nitrogen family is named
after the element that makes up
78% of our atmosphere.
• This family includes non-metals,
metalloids, and metals.
• Atoms in the nitrogen family
have 5 valence electrons. They
tend to share electrons when they
bond.
• Other elements in this family are
phosphorus, arsenic, antimony,
and bismuth.
Oxygen Family
• Atoms of this family have 6

valence electrons.
• Most elements in this family
share electrons when forming
compounds.
• Oxygen is the most abundant
element in the earth’s crust. It
is extremely active and
combines with almost all
elements.
Group: Halogens
Halogen Family
• The elements in this family

are fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, and
astatine.
• Halogens have 7 valence
electrons, which explains
why they are the most Halogen atoms only need to gain 1
active non-metals. They are electron to fill their outermost energy
level.
never found free in nature. They react with alkali metals to form salts.
Group: Noble Gases
Noble Gases
• Noble Gases are colorless gases that are extremely un-reactive.

• One important property of the noble gases is their inactivity. They are inactive because their
outermost energy level is full.
• Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form compounds, the noble gases
are called inert.
• The family of noble gases includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
• All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth's atmosphere.
Region: Metals
Region: Metals
Region: Nonmetals
Region: Metalloids
Metalloids
• B- Boron
• Si- Silicon
• Ge- Germanium
• As- Arsenic
• Sb- Antimony
• Te- Tellurium
• Po- Polonium
What do the numbers and Letters
mean?
Element Name
Atomic Number:
Atomic Number The number of protons in its
atom.
Element’s Chemical
Symbol
Atomic Mass:
Atomic Mass The mass of one atom of the
element
What do you notice about the Atomic Number of
Elements as you move Left to Right, Up to Down
on the Periodic Table of Elements?
The Atomic Mass

Increases
Mendeleev
• In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeléev

created the first accepted version of the
periodic table.
• He grouped elements according to their
atomic mass, and as he did, he found that
the families had similar chemical
properties.
• Blank spaces were left open to add the
new elements he predicted would occur.
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
• Sodium is an element.
• Chlorine is an element.
• When sodium and
chlorine bond they make
the compound sodium
chloride, commonly
known as table salt. Compounds have different properties than the
elements that make them up.
Table salt has different properties than
sodium, an explosive metal, and chlorine, a
poisonous gas.
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
• Hydrogen is an element.
• Oxygen is an element.
• When hydrogen and oxygen
bond they make the compound
water.
• When salt and water are
combined, a mixture is
created. Compounds in
mixtures retain their individual
properties. The ocean is a
mixture.
Elements, compounds, and mixtures
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
• Compounds can only be separated by chemical means.
• Elements are pure substances. When the subatomic particles of an
element are separated from its atom, it no longer retains the
properties of that element.
1. Do Learning Task
No. 2
(Refer to the given module on

page17)
Learning Task No. 2
Using the Periodic Table of Elements, determine the elements asked in each
guide question. Write your answer in your notebook.
Guide Questions:
1. Which elements are likely to lose electrons?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Which elements are likely to gain electrons?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Which type of elements are likely to have no electrical charge at all?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Do Learning Task
No. 3
(Refer to the given module on page 18)
Learning Task No. 3
Fill in the blanks by describing the words listed in
the box. Write your answer in your notebook.
atomic number elements letters

compound carbon mixtures
symbols pure carbon dioxide
properties Periodic Table
Learning Task No. 3
1. ________________ cannot be separated by physical or chemical means.
2. Elements are abbreviated with ____________________, which consist of
one or two ____________________.
3. Elements are organized on the ____________________ according to their
____________________.
4. Two or more elements chemically combined make up a _____________.
5. __________________ is an example of an element and
_________________ is an example of a compound.
6. Elements and compounds are called ____________ substances because
they have a unique set of chemical and physical ______________.
3. Answer Learning Task
No. 4
(Refer to the given module on page 18)
Learning Task No. 4
Copy the Venn diagram below in your
notebook.
Write the similarities of elements and
compounds at the intersection of the two
circles.
Write the differences on the opposite
sides of each circles.
Learning Task No. 4
What is an
Element?
Similarities What is a
between an
element and Compound?
a compound
Learning Task No. 5
Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
(Refer to the module on page 19)

Learning Task No. 5
Answer the post- test numbers 1-10
(Multiple choices) and 1-5 (Matching
Type)
(Refer to the module on page 19)

Reflection
Write your Personal
Insights about the
lesson.
Reflection
I understand that_______
I realized that_______

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Science 7

Classify elements as metals, non-metals

• The alkali family is found in the

• They are the most reactive

• They are never found uncombined in nature.

• Transition Elements include those

• The thirty rare earth

• The Boron Family is named

• Atoms of this family have 4

• Atoms of this family have 6

• The elements in this family

• Noble Gases are colorless gases that are extremely un-reactive.

The Atomic Mass

• In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeléev

(Refer to the given module on

atomic number elements letters

(Refer to the module on page 19)

(Refer to the module on page 19)

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