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    3.1 Jar, JMR

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    NurIman
    This document summarizes chemical formulae and equations. It discusses relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass, which are used to calculate the average mass of atoms and molecules compared to carbon-12. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating relative atomic masses, relative molecular masses, and relative formula masses of various substances by adding the relative atomic masses of their constituent elements. Key terms like mole, molar mass, and chemical formulae and equations are also introduced.

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    3.1 Jar, JMR

    Uploaded by

    NurIman
    223 views16 pages
    This document summarizes chemical formulae and equations. It discusses relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass, which are used to calculate the average mass of atoms and molecules compared to carbon-12. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating relative atomic masses, relative molecular masses, and relative formula masses of various substances by adding the relative atomic masses of their constituent elements. Key terms like mole, molar mass, and chemical formulae and equations are also introduced.

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    3.1 JAR, JMR

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    This document summarizes chemical formulae and equations. It discusses relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass, which are used to calculate the average mass of atoms and molecules compared to carbon-12. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating relative atomic masses, relative molecular masses, and relative formula masses of various substances by adding the relative atomic masses of their constituent elements. Key terms like mole, molar mass, and chemical formulae and equations are also introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    223 views16 pages

    3.1 Jar, JMR

    Uploaded by

    NurIman
    This document summarizes chemical formulae and equations. It discusses relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass, which are used to calculate the average mass of atoms and molecules compared to carbon-12. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating relative atomic masses, relative molecular masses, and relative formula masses of various substances by adding the relative atomic masses of their constituent elements. Key terms like mole, molar mass, and chemical formulae and equations are also introduced.

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    CHAPTER 3

    CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS


    FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA

    3.1: Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass


    Jisim atom relatif dan jisim molekul relatif
    3.2: The mole and the number of particles
    Bilangan mol dan bilangan zarah
    3.3: The mole and the mass of substances
    Bilangan mol dan jisim bahan
    3.4: The mole and the volume of gas
    Bilangan mol dan isipadu gas
    3.5: Chemical formulae
    Formula kimia
    3.6: Chemical equations
    Persamaan kimia

    1
    3.1: Relative atomic mass and relative molecular
    mass
    Jisim atom relatif dan jisim molekul relatif

     3.1.1: Meaning of relative atomic mass


     Maksud jisim atom relatif
     3.1.2: Meaning of relative molecular mass
     Maksud jisim molekul relatif
     3.1.3: Why Carbon-12 is used??
     Mengapa karbon-12 digunakan
     3.1.4: Calculate the relative molecular mass
     Pengiraan jisim molekul relatif.

    2
    3.1.1: Meaning of relative atomic mass
    Maksud jisim atom relatif

     Relative atomic mass is the average mass of one atom of the


    element when compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of
    carbon-12.
     Jisim atom relatif – jisim purata satu atom unsur berbanding dengan
    1/12 jisim satu atom karbon-12

    3
    Contoh pengiraan:

     Example 1
    Calculate how many times greater is the mass of a carbon atom
    compared to that of an helium atom ?
    [Ar : He, 4 ; C, 12]
    Kirakan berapa kali besarkah jisim atom karbon berbanding jisim helium?
    [JAR; He, 4; C, 12]

    4
    Contoh pengiraan

     Example 2
    Mass of a sulphur atom is 2 times greater than that of the mass of an
    oxygen atom. What is the relative atomic mass for sulphur?
    [ AR : O,16]
    Jisim satu atom sulfur adalah 2 kali lebih besar berbanding jisim satu
    atom oksigen. Berapakah jisim atom relatif bagi sulfur? [JAR; O,16]

    Solution:
    Mass of a sulphur atom = 2 x mass of an oxygen atom
     AR sulphur = 2 x AR oxygen
    = 2 x 16
    = 32

    5
    Contoh pengiraan
     Example 3
    How many magnesium atoms will have the same mass as two
    silver atom?
    [AR : Mg,24 ; Ag,108 ]
    Berapa banyak atom magnesium yang mempunyai jisim yang sama
    dengan dua atom argentum?
    [JAR; Mg,24; Ag,108]

    Solution:
    Let the number of magnesium atom = n
    Mass of n magnesium atom = mass of 2 silver atoms
    n x 24 = 2 x 108
    n = 2 x 108
    24
    =9
    6
     3.1.2: Meaning of relative molecular
    mass
    Maksud jisim molekul relatif
     The relative molecular mass of a substance is the average mass of a
    molecule of the substance when compared with 1/12 of the mass of
    an atom of carbon-12
     Jisim molekul relatif sesuatu bahan adalah purata jisim satu molekul
    bahan berbanding 1/12 jisim satu atom karbon-12

    average mass of
    one molecule of substance
    Mr 
    1
     the mass of an atom of carbon  12
    12

    7
    3.1.3: Why Carbon-12 is used??
    Mengapa karbon-12 digunakan

     Because it is a solid and can be easily handled.


    Pepejal dan mudah dikendalikan
     Also used as a reference standard in the mass
    spectrometer.
    Digunakan sebagai rujukan piawai dalam spektrometer
    jisim
     Is assigned a mass of exactly 12 units.
    Jisim tepat 12 unit

    8
    3.1.4: Calculate the relative molecular
    mass
    Pengiraan jisim molekul relatif.

     The term ‘relative molecular mass, Mr’ can only be used for
    substances that are made up of molecules.
     Istilah jisim molekul relatif hanya digunakan untuk bahan molekul.

     For ionic compound, the term ‘relative formula mass, Fr’ is used
     Untuk sebatian ionik, istilah jisim formula relatif digunakan

     Mr or Fr can be calculated by adding up the relative atomic masses of


    all the atoms present in a molecule of the substance.
     JMR dan JFR boleh dikira dengan menambahkan semua JAR atom
    yang terdapat di dalam bahan tersebut.

    9
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 1:
    Calculate the relative molecular mass of water.
    [ AR : H,1 ; O, 16]
    Kirakan jisim molekul relatif bagi air
    [JAR; H,1 ; O,16]

    Solution:
    The formula of water is H2O
    Mr H2O = 2H + O
    = 2(1) + 16
    = 18

    10
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 2:
    Calculate the relative molecular mass of ammonia.
    [ AR: N,14 ; H,1 ]
    Kirakan jisim molekul relatif bagi ammonia.
    [JAR: N,14; H,1]

    Solution:
    Formula of ammonia is NH3
    Mr of NH3 = N + 3H
    = 14 + 3(1)
    = 17

    11
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 3:
    Calculate the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide.
    [AR : C, 12 ; O,16 ]
    Kirakan jisim molekul relatif bagi karbon dioksida.
    [JAR : C, 12 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:
    The formula of carbon dioxide is CO2
    Mr CO2 = C + 2O
    = 12 + 2(16)
    = 44

    12
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 4:
    Calculate the relative molecular mass of ethanol, C2H5OH.
    [ AR: C, 12; H, 1; O,16 ]
    Kirakan jisim molekul relatif bagi etanol, C2H5OH
    [ JAR: C, 12; H, 1; O,16 ]

    Solution:
    Mr of C2H5OH = 2C + 5H + O + H
    = 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1
    = 46

    13
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 5:
    Calculate the relative formula mass of sodium chloride
    [ AR : Na,23 ; Cl,35.5 ]
    Kirakan jisim formula relatif bagi natrium klorida.
    [ JAR : Na,23 ; Cl,35.5 ]

    Solution:
    The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl
    AR of NaCl = Na + Cl
    = 23 + 35.5
    = 58.5

    14
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 6
    Calculate the relative formula mass of aluminium sulphate.
    [ AR : Al,27 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]
    Kirakan jisim formula relatif untuk aluminium sulfat.
    [ AR : Al,27 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:
    The formula of aluminium sulphate ialah Al2(SO4)3
    Mr of Al2(SO4)3 = 2 Al + 3 SO4
    = 2(27) + 3[ 32 + 4(16) ]
    = 342

    15
    Contoh pengiraan

    Example 7:
    Calculate the relative molecular mass of hydrated copper(II)sulphate.
    [ AR : Cu,64 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]
    Kirakan jisim molekul relatif bagi kuprum(II) sulfat terhidrat.
    [JAR; Cu,64 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:
    The formula of hydrated copper (II) sulphate is CuSO4.5H2O
    Fr of CuSO4. 5H2O = Cu + S + 4O + 5H2O
    = 64 + 32 + 4(16) + 5[2(1) +16]
    = 250

    16

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