l8 Atomic Mass Molecular Formula Mass

Atomic Mass
Molecular Mass
Mass of a Single Atom ?
Atomic Mass using Hydrogen as reference
Hydrogen was chosen to be standard element because it

happens to be the lightest of all the elements.
Using Hydrogen as the reference, the masses of atoms of

other elements came out to be fractional.
Atomic Mass using Oxygen as reference
Oxygen was also chosen to be standard element because it

combines with most of the elements.
Oxygen combines with most of the elements.

Atomic Mass using Carbon as reference
It was found that the atomic mass of the most common isotope
of carbon, 12C is a whole number 12.
The mass of 1/12 of 12C is equivalent to 1 atomic mass unit

(a.m.u.) or unified atomic mass.
𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭
Atomic Mass unit equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a

carbon-12 atom
Carbon-12
One atomic
Mass unit
Carbon-12
Atomic Mass unit
Atomic Mass unit is equal to one-twelth of the mass of a carbon-12

atom.
1
One atomic Mass unit = × mass of C-12 atom
12
= 1.67×10-24gm
C-12
The quantity 1/12th mass of an atom of C-12 is known as
atomic mass unit.
Since mass of 1 atom of C–12 = 1.992648 × 10–23 g

1.992648×10−𝟐𝟑𝐠
1/12th part of the mass of 1 atom =
12
= 1.67 × 10–24 g
It is denoted by a.m.u. or u.
1 a.m.u. = 1.67 × 10–24 g

Relative Atomic Mass
Relative Atomic Mass is defined as the number which

indicates how many times the mass of one atom of an
1
element is heavier in comparison to th part of the mass of
12
one atom of C – 12.
Mass of one atom of an element

Relative Atomic Mass of an element = 1
[Mass of one atom of C – 12]
12
𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
=
𝟏 𝐚. 𝐦. 𝐮.
It may be noted that the atomic masses as obtained above
are the relative atomic masses and not the actual masses of
the atoms.
These masses on the atomic mass scale are expressed in

terms of atomic mass units (abbreviated as amu).
Now a days 'amu' has been replaced by 'u' which is known as
unified mass.
Atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.008 amu
Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.9994 amu (or taken as 16 amu).

Complete the table
Relative
Element Atomic mass
atomic mass
N 14
He 4 a.m.u.
C
ATOMIC MASS OF FIRST 20 ELEMENTS
Elements Relative atomic mass Atomic mass
H 1 1 amu
He 4 4 amu
Li 7 7 amu
Be 9 9 amu
B 11 11 amu
C 12 12 amu
N 14 14 amu
0 16 16 amu
F 19 19 amu
Ne 20 20 amu
ATOMIC MASS OF FIRST 20 ELEMENTS
Elements Relative atomic mass Atomic mass
Na 23 23 amu
Mg 24 24 amu
Al 27 27 amu
Si 28 28 amu
P 31 31 amu
S 32 32 amu
Cl 35.5 35.5 amu
Ar 40 40 amu
K 39 39 amu
Ca 40 40 amu
Molecular Mass
The number which indicates how many times the mass of

𝟏
one molecule of a substance is heavier in comparison to th
𝟏𝟐
part of the mass of an atom of C – 12.
OR
The molecular mass of a substance is the sum of atomic
masses of all the atoms present in a molecule.
1 Relative molecular mass of oxygen (O2) = 32
2 Relative molecular mass of (O3) = 48
3 Relative molecular mass of HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5
4 Relative molecular mass of H2SO4 = 2 + 32 + 64 = 98

Formula Unit Mass
Ionic compounds consist of a very large but equal
number of cations and anions arranged in a definite order
in the crystal lattice.
NaCl
Cl-
Na+
The formula of ionic compound only represents the
simplest formula and not the actual formula, which is
known as one formula unit.
Example Na+Cl– is 1 formula unit.
In ionic compounds, we use the term formula unit mass in

place of molecular mass.
Calculation of Formula Unit Mass
Formula unit mass of NaCl
Unit mass of Na = 23 u
Unit mass of Cl = 35.5 u
Formula unit mass of NaCl = (23 + 35.5) u

= 58.5 u
Formula unit mass of K2CO3
Unit mass of K = 39 u
Unit mass of C = 12 u
Unit mass of O = 16 u
Formula unit mass of K2CO3

= (2 × 39 + 12 + 3 × 16) u
= 138 u
Percentage Composition
Mass % of an element = 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝
𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬

Mass % of any element = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬
in compound
Calculate the mass % of hydrogen and oxygen in water (H2O) ?
𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬

Mass % of any element in = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
compound 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬
Mass of water = 18.02 g
𝟐 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟖
Mass % of H = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟐
𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟎
Mass % of O = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟕𝟗
Calculate the mass % of carbon and hydrogen in methane (CH4) ?
Consider 1 mole CH4

∴ Mass of Carbon present = 12gm
& Mass of Hydrogen present = 4gm

Total Mass of Compound Methane = 16gm
𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐
Mass % of C = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟓
𝟏𝟔
𝟒×𝟏
Mass % of H = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟔
Home Work
Calculate the mass percentage of different elements present in
Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) .
Calculate the molecular masses of the following
(i) C12H22O11 (ii) Al2(SO4)3
(i) C12H22O11
(ii) Al2(SO4)3

l8 Atomic Mass Molecular Formula Mass

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Atomic Mass

Hydrogen was chosen to be standard element because it

Using Hydrogen as the reference, the masses of atoms of

Oxygen was also chosen to be standard element because it

Oxygen combines with most of the elements.

The mass of 1/12 of 12C is equivalent to 1 atomic mass unit

Atomic Mass unit equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a

Atomic Mass unit is equal to one-twelth of the mass of a carbon-12

Since mass of 1 atom of C–12 = 1.992648 × 10–23 g

1 a.m.u. = 1.67 × 10–24 g

Relative Atomic Mass is defined as the number which

Mass of one atom of an element

These masses on the atomic mass scale are expressed in

Atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.008 amu

Atomic mass of oxygen is 15.9994 amu (or taken as 16 amu).

Elements Relative atomic mass Atomic mass

Elements Relative atomic mass Atomic mass

The number which indicates how many times the mass of

2 Relative molecular mass of (O3) = 48

3 Relative molecular mass of HCl = 1 + 35.5 = 36.5

4 Relative molecular mass of H2SO4 = 2 + 32 + 64 = 98

Example Na+Cl– is 1 formula unit.

In ionic compounds, we use the term formula unit mass in

Formula unit mass of NaCl

Formula unit mass of NaCl = (23 + 35.5) u

Formula unit mass of K2CO3

Mass % of an element = 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬

𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬

Mass of water = 18.02 g

Consider 1 mole CH4

& Mass of Hydrogen present = 4gm

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