S2-2nd Edit Unit-6 (6.1 Reflection)

UNIT-6
LIGHT
Dr. Ar Kar
6.1 Reflections
Reflection
When you think of reflection you
probably think of using a mirror.
Most of the mirrors you use are plane
mirrors. ‘Plane’ means flat.
To see what reflection looks like from
a surface that is not plane, you can look
at your own reflection from a spoon.
The reflection is distorted.
 Remember that light travels in straight lines called rays.
 When drawing light rays, always use a ruler and put an arrowhead
on the ray to show its direction.
 A light ray arriving at a mirror is called an incident ray. An incident
ray is the ray coming onto a surface.
 The incident ray makes an angle with the surface of the mirror.
Measure this angle from a line perpendicular to the mirror and not
from the mirror itself.
 The line perpendicular to the mirror is called the normal.
 In physics and maths, ‘normal’ means perpendicular or at right
angles to something. The diagram shows how to do this.
1. Draw the incident ray and the 2. Use a ruler to make the
mirror. Sometimes, this is done incident ray meet the
for you. mirror.
3. Use a protractor or set square to 4. Use a protractor to measure
draw the normal. The normal is the angle between the
perpendicular to the mirror incident ray and the normal.
where the incident ray meets We call this angle the angle
the surface. The normal is of incidence or ???.
usually a dashed line so it is not
confused with the light ray.
5. Measure an angle equal to the angle of incidence on the other side of
the normal. This angle is called the angle of reflection or ???. Draw a
reflected light ray coming away from the mirror at this angle.
Remember to put an arrowhead on the reflected ray.
 These diagrams are called ray diagrams because they show what
happens to the light rays during reflection.
 What we have drawn obeys the law of reflection.
 Which is that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of
incidence.
 In physics, a law is something that always applies.
 We can use the law of reflection in
everyday situations.
 For example, mirrors can be used to see
behind us.
 In this picture, light from the Sun is
reflected from the cyclist.
 This is the incident ray on the mirror.
 The reflected ray from the mirror goes to
the driver’s eye.
 The ray diagram shows how this works.
The driver of the car can see
the cyclist by using this mirror.
Questions
1. Which of the angles in this diagram is the angle of reflection? Write
the letter.
Answer
C
Questions
2. Copy this ray diagram.
a. Extend the incident ray to meet the
mirror.
b. Draw a normal where the incident
ray meets the mirror.
c. Measure and write down the angle
of incidence.
d. Draw a reflected ray in the correct
place.
Ray diagram completed correctly; the normal should be marked; the angle of incidence
should be measured and recorded; the angle of reflection should be equal to the angle of
incidence (as judged by eye); the reflected ray should have an arrowhead; the rays
should meet each other and the normal at the surface but should not cross the surface
(the tolerance for these is the thickness of the pencil line).
normal
y
ra
de
ct
f le
Re
Questions
3 Sofia looks at a candle in the mirror.
Copy and complete the diagram to
show how light from the candle
reflects from the mirror to Sofia. You
do not have to measure the angles.
Draw and label:
• the incident ray
• the normal
• the reflected ray
• the angle of incidence,
• the angle of reflection,
Diagram copied with light ray
coming from the candle to the
mirror; normal drawn; reflected ray
going toward the eye; arrowheads Re
fra
on light rays should be in the cte
d
ra y
correct direction (from candle to i r ra
y
nt
ide
mirror and from mirror to eye);
Inc
labels should be added for: the
incident ray, the normal, the
reflected ray, the angle of
incidence, the angle of reflection. normal
(Note – the question asks only
about the reflection of light, so an
image construction is not required). i = angle of incidence
r = angle of refraction
Questions
4. Marcus drops a pencil. The pencil
rolls under his bed. Marcus cannot
see the pencil. The diagram shows a
light ray coming from the pencil.
Marcus can use a mirror to see the
pencil. Copy and complete the
diagram by adding a mirror and a
reflected light ray to show how
Marcus can see the pencil. You do not
have to measure the angles.
Mirror drawn at the end of the incident ray that is provided; reflected ray drawn to
eye with an arrowhead pointing away from the mirror; mirror at such an angle that
angles of incidence and reflection are approximately correct (normal need not be
included).
mi
rro
r

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