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    Chemical Weapons

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    Shokhsanam Ikramova
    Chemical weapons are toxic chemicals that can cause death, injury or harm and violate international law. During World War I, Germany began using mustard gas which killed over 100,000 people and led to 1.5 million deaths total from chemical weapons in the war. The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 banned chemical weapons and required countries to destroy stockpiles. While most countries have complied, Syria has not fully declared its stockpile. Chemical weapons can be delivered via missiles, bombs, shells or other means and have left over 500,000 dead and 2 million injured globally according to statistics. Iran suffered 350 chemical attacks by Iraq during their war, leaving 400,000 injured and 100,000 dead from chemical weapons.

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    Chemical Weapons

    Uploaded by

    Shokhsanam Ikramova
    42 views16 pages
    Chemical weapons are toxic chemicals that can cause death, injury or harm and violate international law. During World War I, Germany began using mustard gas which killed over 100,000 people and led to 1.5 million deaths total from chemical weapons in the war. The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 banned chemical weapons and required countries to destroy stockpiles. While most countries have complied, Syria has not fully declared its stockpile. Chemical weapons can be delivered via missiles, bombs, shells or other means and have left over 500,000 dead and 2 million injured globally according to statistics. Iran suffered 350 chemical attacks by Iraq during their war, leaving 400,000 injured and 100,000 dead from chemical weapons.

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    Chemical weapons are toxic chemicals that can cause death, injury or harm and violate international law. During World War I, Germany began using mustard gas which killed over 100,000 people and led to 1.5 million deaths total from chemical weapons in the war. The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 banned chemical weapons and required countries to destroy stockpiles. While most countries have complied, Syria has not fully declared its stockpile. Chemical weapons can be delivered via missiles, bombs, shells or other means and have left over 500,000 dead and 2 million injured globally according to statistics. Iran suffered 350 chemical attacks by Iraq during their war, leaving 400,000 injured and 100,000 dead from chemical weapons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views16 pages

    Chemical Weapons

    Uploaded by

    Shokhsanam Ikramova
    Chemical weapons are toxic chemicals that can cause death, injury or harm and violate international law. During World War I, Germany began using mustard gas which killed over 100,000 people and led to 1.5 million deaths total from chemical weapons in the war. The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 banned chemical weapons and required countries to destroy stockpiles. While most countries have complied, Syria has not fully declared its stockpile. Chemical weapons can be delivered via missiles, bombs, shells or other means and have left over 500,000 dead and 2 million injured globally according to statistics. Iran suffered 350 chemical attacks by Iraq during their war, leaving 400,000 injured and 100,000 dead from chemical weapons.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    CHEMICAL

    WEAPONS

    By: Fatemeh Khajeh-221AIB142


    Shokhsanam Ikramova-221AIB145
    Saidbek Rakhmatov-221AJC012
    Azimjon Tuhtaboyev-191AIB121
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    01 02 03 04

    BRIEF ABOUT THE COMPARISON CONCLUSIONS


    INTRODUCTION ORIGIN AND ANALYSIS
    HISTORY
    INTRODUCTION
    • A chemical weapon is any toxic
    chemical that can cause death, injury,
    incapacitation, and sensory irritation,
    deployed via a delivery system, such as
    an artillery shell, rocket, or ballistic
    missile. Chemical weapons are
    considered weapons of mass destruction
    and their use in armed conflict is a
    violation of international law.
    Examples of CWs

    • fully developed chemical weapons and the


    components of such weapons when stored separately
    (e.g. binary munitions).
    • chemicals used to produce chemical weapons
    (precursors).
    • chemicals used to cause intentional death or harm.
    • items with peaceful civilian uses, when used or
    intended for chemical weapons use (dual-use items).
    • munitions and devices intended for the delivery of
    toxic chemicals.
    • equipment directly in connection with
    aforementioned munitions and devices.
    TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS
    Nerve agents
    • such as sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, tabun, VX
    Vesicating or blistering agents
    • such as sulphur mustard, nitrogen mustard, lewisite,
    phosgene oximine
    Choking agents or lung toxicants
    • such as chlorine, phosgene, diphosgene
    Incapacitating agents
    • such as anticholinergic compounds
    Lacrimating or riot control agents
    • such as pepper gas, chloroacetophenone and CS
    Vomiting agents
    • such as adamsite
    HISTORY OF OCCURANCE
    The origin of chemical weapons as a means of conducting armed struggle in the modern sense should
    be attributed to the time of World War I.
    The First World War, which began in 1914, soon after the start acquired a positional character, which
    forced the search for new offensive weapons.
    The German army began to use massive attacks on enemy positions with the help of poisonous and
    asphyxiating gases, one of them is mustard gas.
    This substance is very toxic: it severely injures the mucous membrane of the eye, respiratory organs.
    After the use of mustard gas, the French and Germans lost about 100-120 thousand people. And for the
    entire First World War, 1.5 million people died from chemical weapons.
    In the first 50 years of the 20th century, chemical weapons were used everywhere - against uprisings,
    riots and civilians.
    CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (CWC)

    The use of chemical weapons in the First World War outraged the world community so much that under
    its pressure, on June 17, 1925, in Geneva, representatives of 49 states signed a protocol "On the
    prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous and other similar gases and bacteriological
    agents."
    Key points of the Convention:
    • prohibition of the production and use of chemical
    weapons
    • destruction of all stockpiles of chemical weapons
    (including stockpiles located outside the territory of the
    state)
    • mutual assistance between states and interaction with
    the OPCW in the event of the use of chemical weapons
    • international cooperation in the peaceful use of
    chemicals in relevant fields
    PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS
    TODAY
    Eight countries declared chemical weapons stockpiles when they joined the CWC: Albania,
    India, Iraq, Libya, Syria, the United States, Russia and an anonymous state widely believed to
    be South Korea.
    Of those eight countries, Albania, South Russia declared the largest stockpile
    Korea, India, Iraq, Syria, Libya and with approximately 40,000 metric tons at
    Russia have completed destruction of seven arsenals. It’s consisted of VX,
    their declared arsenals. sarin, soman, mustard, lewisite,
    Syria, however, has not declared its mustard-lewisite mixtures, and
    entire stockpile. phosgene.
    The United States plans to complete the The United States declared 28,577
    destruction of its chemical weapons by metric tons at nine stockpiles in eight
    September 2023. states.
    When Russia, the United States, and Albania and Libya declared the smallest
    Libya declared that they would be stockpiles, with 16 and 23 metric tons
    unable to meet their final destruction respectively. India and South Korea
    deadlines in 2012, CWC state parties declared stockpiles in the 500-1,000
    agreed to extend the deadlines with metric ton range but maintained a high
    increased national reporting and degree of secrecy around the size,
    transparency. location, composition, and destruction of
    their weapons.
    MEANS OF DELIVERY
    o Chemical weapons can be delivered via a
    variety of mechanisms including but not
    limited to; ballistic missiles, air-dropped
    gravity bombs, rockets, artillery shells,
    aerosol canisters, land mines, and mortars.
    o The most traditional delivery vehicle of
    chemical agents, dispersion occurs through
    an explosive charge that expels the chemical
    agent laterally.
    o Air delivered systems can be deployed via
    gravity bombs, spray tanks, or rockets.
    o Ballistic missiles carrying chemical
    weapons – via a fill tank or submunitions -
    utilize an airburst to disperse chemical
    agents over a broad area
    SITUATION IN IRAN
    Analyzing the situation in hometown was founded the following information, according to official
    statistics, Iraq chemically attacked Iran more than 350 times during the war. Currently, 400,000 chemically
    injured people live in Iran, and 100,000 people who were chemically injured in the war have also lost their
    lives. April 29th (10th of May) has been named as the International Day of Chemical Injuries. These
    chemical bombs were used for the first time in the First World War, and as a result, about one million and
    500 thousand people were injured and 120 thousand people were killed. It is said that chemical weapons
    were used in Vietnam war, then in Italy and France's war with Morocco, in Egypt's war against Yemen, and
    in the former Soviet Union against Afghanistan.
    According to global statistics, the use of chemical weapons has left more than 500,000 dead and two
    million injured. According to the statistics of one of the UN inspectors, during the eight years of war, 1800
    tons of mustard gas, 600 tons of sarin gas, 400 tons of soap gas and significant amounts of other chemical
    compounds have injured at least one million people in Iran.
    PREVENTION CAPABILITIES
    rapid detection and identification of the chemical agent

    avoiding danger through adequate protection and


    decontamination,

    creating a quarantine zone to control entry and exit from the


    area

    decontamination of the injured to reduce the contact of the


    chemical agent with the injured and to prevent the spread of
    contamination to the equipment
    In case of a chemical attack with
    high casualties, the medical
    sanitization of the population and
    participants in the liquidation of personnel are considered vital and
    the use of chemical weapons sensitive resources. Personal
    protective equipment (PPE) is the
    first line of defense in an
    environment. It is chemical
    decontamination of objects for
    sheltering of the population in the contamination. This equipment
    various purposes, territory,
    equipment, protective equipment,
    asylums that provide protection
    from agents and toxins
    includes a breathing mask and
    clothing and property
    protective clothing, including
    appropriate gloves and boots.
    Masks are especially important,
    because chemical agents
    generally have the greatest and
    providing the population with fastest effect through the
    prompt use of antidotes and skin personal protective equipment for
    treatments respiratory organs and skin and respiratory system.
    their use
    CONCLUSION
    Unfortunately, in the current realities of war with a fierce enemy, it is necessary to be aware of the possible
    consequences and options for saving lives in the event of the use of chemical weapons.
    In recent years, scientists have begun to develop less dangerous types of chemical weapons called binary ones, in
    which the poisoning agent is not contained in the weapon in its active state, but in the form of two chemical
    precursors physically separated inside the weapon. They are:
    • Binary Sarin (GB2) – developed by the U.S.
    • Binary Soman (GD2)
    • VX binary (VX2) – developed by the U.S
    • Novichok agent (“ New Comer ) –developed by the Soviets.
    Precursors are engineered to be significantly less toxic than the agent they produce when mixed, and this allows
    weapons to be transported and stored more safely than otherwise. The security provided by binary chemical
    weapons is especially important for people living near munitions depots.
    LIST OF REFERENCES
    • Blair, C. (2013). T H E F O U R L I K E L Y B I N A R Y A G E N T S. [online] The
    Washington Institute. Available at:
    ‌ https://uploads.fas.org/2013/08/The-four-likely-Binary-CW-agents.pdf.

    • Kimball, D. (2022). [online] Available at:


    https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Chemical-Weapons-Frequently-Asked-Questio
    ns
    .
    ‌
    • OPCW (2019). What is a Chemical Weapon? [online] OPCW. Available at:
    ‌
    https://www.opcw.org/our-work/what-chemical-weapon.

    • ‌ (2000). [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.com/


    BBC

    • Jangaavaran (2022). [online] Available at: https://jangaavaran.ir/


    ‌
    • Chemeurope (2022). [online] Available at: https://www.chemeurope.com/
    THANK YOU FO
    R
    ATTENTION

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