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    3.2 Row Reductions and Echelon Form

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    Joelar Onda
    The document discusses reduced row echelon form and how to transform matrices into this form. Reduced row echelon form is obtained through Gaussian elimination and is useful for solving systems of linear equations and other linear algebra applications. The key steps are using elementary row operations like row interchanges, scaling rows, and adding rows together to transform the matrix into a form with a leading 1 in each row and zeros below each leading entry. Examples demonstrate these row operations and matrix transformations.

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    3.2 Row Reductions and Echelon Form

    Uploaded by

    Joelar Onda
    42 views11 pages
    The document discusses reduced row echelon form and how to transform matrices into this form. Reduced row echelon form is obtained through Gaussian elimination and is useful for solving systems of linear equations and other linear algebra applications. The key steps are using elementary row operations like row interchanges, scaling rows, and adding rows together to transform the matrix into a form with a leading 1 in each row and zeros below each leading entry. Examples demonstrate these row operations and matrix transformations.

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    3.2-Row-Reductions-and-Echelon-Form

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    The document discusses reduced row echelon form and how to transform matrices into this form. Reduced row echelon form is obtained through Gaussian elimination and is useful for solving systems of linear equations and other linear algebra applications. The key steps are using elementary row operations like row interchanges, scaling rows, and adding rows together to transform the matrix into a form with a leading 1 in each row and zeros below each leading entry. Examples demonstrate these row operations and matrix transformations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views11 pages

    3.2 Row Reductions and Echelon Form

    Uploaded by

    Joelar Onda
    The document discusses reduced row echelon form and how to transform matrices into this form. Reduced row echelon form is obtained through Gaussian elimination and is useful for solving systems of linear equations and other linear algebra applications. The key steps are using elementary row operations like row interchanges, scaling rows, and adding rows together to transform the matrix into a form with a leading 1 in each row and zeros below each leading entry. Examples demonstrate these row operations and matrix transformations.

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    You are on page 1of 11

    REDUCED ROW

    ECHELON FORM

    Prepared by:
    Asst. Prof. Israel Peñero
    A reduced row echelon form of a matrix is another
    important lesson in Linear Algebra. This topic is also known
    as Row Reduction and Echelon Forms. The word echelon is
    also known as the row canonical form which is looks like as a
    stair-case form of a matrix.

    How important is the reduced row echelon


    form?

    Gaussian elimination is the main use of the row


    echelon form. Systems of linear equations can be solved in
    linear algebra by using the Gaussian elimination technique
    on coefficient matrices. The values of the variables given
    the coefficients are clear when matrices are transformed
    into row echelon form.
    What are the usage of reduced row echelon form?

    Reduced row echelon form or sometimes


    called as the Gaussian elimination is the main use
    of the row echelon form as what stated in the
    previous slide to be able to solve the systems of
    linear equations. However, this method is not just
    for solving the system of linear equation but it can
    be used also for the computation of determinants,
    the inversion of matrices, cryptography, in
    statistics and many others.
    What is Row Reduction Echelon Form?

    Definition:
    In order to say that an m x n matrix is in what we called an
    echelon form, the following properties must be satisfied:

    1. All nonzero rows should above of any rows of all zeros.


    2. In any nonzero row, the first nonzero entry is one (1). This is
    known as the leading one (1).
    3. The other element or entries in a column below leading entry
    are zeros.
    4. The leading entry in each row should be 1 and each leading 1 is
    the only nonzero entry in its column.
    Illustration:

    Sample of matrices in an echelon form.

    A= ; B= ; C= ;

    D= ;E=

    E==
    Illustration:

    Sample of matrices NOT in an echelon form.

    A= ; B= ; C= ;

    D= ;E=

    E=

    Note: Give your explanation why each


    of the following given matrix could not
    be said an echelon form.
    How do we transform the matrix into its equivalent echelon
    form?

    Transforming given matrix into its equivalent echelon


    form needs patient since the student will be experiencing a
    lengthy mathematical computation using four basic
    fundamental operations in mathematics. In able to do this,
    the allowable operation which are called the elementary
    row operations are as follows:

    1. Interchanging the two rows.


    2. Dividing the row by a nonzero number.
    3. Subtract or add row by another row.
    4. Multiply row by a number to make a leading entry into
    1.
    Illustration:

    Transform the given matrix, say A = .

    Solution:

    ( )
    1/2R1  R1 1 0 −2
    0 1 1
    0 0
    -1/3R 3  R3
    −3

    ( () )
    1 4 2 1 2R0 −2
    3 + R 1 R 1
    2 -2R5
    1 + R2 R2 1 0 -1R1
    3 + R2 R2
    1
    4 10
    -4R1 + R3 R3 − 10 0 1

    ( ()
    1 4 2
    − 31
    )
    0 −
    1/3R2 3
     R2 0 0
    0 −6 − 90 1 0
    0 0 1

    ( )
    1 4
    -4R 2 + R1 R1 2
    0 1 1
    At this point, we could
    0 −
    6R2 +6
    R 3 R 3
    now say that the matrix is
    − 9
    in the echelon form!
    Illustration:
    Transform the given matrix, say A = . Row 1
    Row 2
    Row 3
    Row 4
    Interchange row 1

    ( )
    and row 3 1 0 4 /5 2/ 5 -4/5R3 + R1 R1
    0 1 2/ 5 1/ 5 -2/5R3 + R2 R2

    ( )
    1 3 2 1
    -2R1 + R2 R2
    0 0 1 − 9/ 7
    2 1 2-2R1 + R31
     R3 0 0 −11 /5 2/ 5 11/5R3 + R4 R4
    2 2 1 3
    -3R1 + R4 R3
    3 2 1 2

    ( )
    1 0 0 50 / 35

    ( )
    1 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 1/ 3 5
    0 −5 −2 − 1 -1/5R2  R2 0 01 − 9/ 7
    0 −4−3 1 0 0 0 − 85/ 35 -35/85 R4 R4
    0 −7−5 −1

    ( ) ( )
    1 3 2 1 1 0050 / 35 -50/35R4 + R1 R1
    -3R2 + R1 R1
    0 1 2/ 5 1/ 5 0 1025 / 35 -25/35R4 + R2 R2
    0 −4−3 1 4R2 + R3 R3 0 01 − 9/ 7 9/7 R4 + R3 R3
    0 − 7 − 5 − 1 7R2 + R4 R4 0 00 1

    ( ) ( )
    1 0 4 / 5 2/ 5 1 00 At this point, we could
    0
    0 1 2/ 5 1/ 5 0 10 now say that the matrix is
    0
    0 01 in the echelon form!
    0
    0 0 −7 / 5 9 / 5 -5/7R3  R3
    0 0 −11 /5 2 /5 0 00 1
    Exercises
    Transform the following matrix into an echelon form.

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