Derivatives

Learning Competencies
The learner will be able to
✖ apply the differentiation rules in computing the
derivative of an algebraic, exponential,
logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse
trigonometric functions.
 3

What’s Inside?
✖ The Differentiation Rules for Algebraic Functions
✖ The Differentiation Rules for Trigonometric and
Exponential Functions
✖ Differentiation of Logarithmic and Inverse
Trigonometric Functions
 4

Differentiation Rules
for Algebraic Functions
 5

In the previous lessons, the delta method and the

definition of the derivative were used in finding the
derivatives of functions. Using these methods is very
time-consuming. Following are rules that would be
easier to use. However, these rules were derived by
using the delta method and the definition of
derivatives.
 6

1. The Constant Rule

If is any constant and , then
 7

Ex: Find the derivative of the following functions:

a. b. c.

Solution:
a. b. c.
 8

2. The Power Rule

If is a power function for some positive integer ,
then
 9

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =𝑥12
𝑦 ′ =12 𝑥12 −1
¿ 12 𝑥 11
 10

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=𝑥 5
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =5 𝑥 5 −1
¿ 5 𝑥4
 11

3. The Identity Function Rule

If , then
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4. The Constant Multiple Rule

If is a constant and is a differentiable function,
then
 13

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=8 𝑥 6
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =8 ∙ 6 𝑥6 −1
¿ 48 𝑥 5
 14

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =4 𝑥− 3
𝑦 ′ =4 ∙− 3 𝑥 −3 − 1
¿ −12 𝑥 − 4
 15

5. The Sum and Difference Rule

If and are differentiable functions, then
 16

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=5 𝑥 4 +3 𝑥 3 − 6 𝑥+ 8
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 ) =5 ∙ 4 𝑥 4 −1 +3 ∙ 3 𝑥3 − 1 − 6 ( 1 )+ 0
¿ 20 𝑥3 + 9 𝑥 2 − 6
 17

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =6 𝑥 4 −7 𝑥 3 +5 𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ =6 ∙ 4 𝑥 4 − 1 −7 ∙ 3 𝑥 3 −1 +5 ∙2 𝑥 2− 1
¿ 24 𝑥 3 − 21 𝑥 2+ 10 𝑥
 18

6. The Product Rule

If and are differentiable functions, then
 19

Ex: Differentiate the function .

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= ( 4 𝑥 − 3 ) ( 2 𝑥 +5 )
′ 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=( 4 𝑥 − 3 ) ( 2 𝑥 +5 ) + ( 2 𝑥+5 ) ( 4 𝑥 − 3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
¿ ( 4 𝑥 −3 ) ( 2 ) + ( 2 𝑥+5 ) ( 4 )
 20

¿ 8 𝑥 −6 +8 𝑥+20
¿ 16 𝑥+14
Ex: Differentiate the function .
2
( 2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 3 𝑥 − 4 )
¿ ( 3 𝑥 − 4 )( 3 𝑥 − 4 )
2 2
 21

𝑑
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= ( 3 𝑥 − 4 )
′ 2
( 3 𝑥 2 − 4 ) + ( 3 𝑥2 − 4 ) 𝑑 ( 3 𝑥 2 − 4 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
¿ ( 3 𝑥2 − 4 ) ( 6 𝑥 ) + ( 3 𝑥2 − 4 ) ( 6 𝑥 )

¿ 18 𝑥 3 −24 𝑥 +18 𝑥3 −24 𝑥

¿ 36 𝑥 3 − 48 𝑥
 22

7. The Quotient Rule

If and are both differentiable functions and , then
 23

Ex: Find the derivative of

𝑑
( 5 𝑥+ 4 ) ( 𝑥2 +3 ) − ( 𝑥 2 +3 ) 𝑑 ( 5 𝑥+ 4 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥) =
( 5 𝑥+ 4 )2
 24

( 5 𝑥+ 4 ) ( 2 𝑥 ) − ( 𝑥 2 +3 ) ( 5 )
¿
( 5 𝑥+ 4 )2
10 𝑥 2+ 8 𝑥 −5 𝑥 2 −15
¿
( 5 𝑥+ 4 )2
5 𝑥 2+ 8 𝑥 −15
¿
( 5 𝑥+ 4 )2
 25

Ex: Find the derivative of

( 5 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 +2 ) 𝑑 ( 3 𝑥 2+ 4 ) − ( 3 𝑥 2+ 4 ) 𝑑 ( 5 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥+2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥) = 2
( 5 𝑥2 − 3 𝑥+ 2 )
 26

( 5 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 +2 ) ( 6 𝑥 ) − ( 3 𝑥 2 +4 ) ( 10 𝑥 − 3 )
¿ 2
( 5 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 +2 )
30 𝑥 3 −18 𝑥2 +12 𝑥 −30 𝑥 3+ 9 𝑥 2 − 40 𝑥 +12
¿ 2
( 5 𝑥 2 −3 𝑥 +2 )
− 9 𝑥2 −28 𝑥+12 9 𝑥 2 +28 𝑥 −12
¿ 2
𝑜𝑟 − 2
( 5 𝑥 −3 𝑥+ 2 )
2
( 5 𝑥2 −3 𝑥+ 2 )
 27

Differentiation Rules
for Trigonometric and
Exponential Functions
 28

Following are rules used for finding the derivative of

trigonometric and exponential functions. The rules
were derived by using trigonometric identities and
basic concepts of the exponential in conjunction with
the delta method and the definition of derivatives.
 29

𝑑 𝑑
sin 𝑥=cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥=−sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 2 𝑑 2
tan 𝑥=sec 𝑥 cot 𝑥=− csc 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
sec 𝑥=sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 csc 𝑥=− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 30

𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 =𝑒 𝑎 =𝑎 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑢 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑎 =𝑎 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 31

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =sin ( 4 𝑥 )
𝑑
𝑦 ′=cos ( 4 𝑥 ) ( 4 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
¿ cos ( 4 𝑥 )( 4 )
¿ 4 cos ( 4 𝑥 )
 32

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =𝑥 sin ( 2 𝑥 )
′ 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 =𝑥 sin ( 2 𝑥 ) +sin ( 2 𝑥 ) (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

[
¿ 𝑥 cos ( 2 𝑥 )
𝑑
𝑑𝑥 ]
( 2 𝑥 ) +sin ( 2 𝑥 ) ( 1 )
 33

¿ 𝑥 [ cos ( 2 𝑥 ) ( 2 ) ] +sin ( 2 𝑥 )

¿ 𝑥 [ 2 cos ( 2 𝑥 ) ] +sin ( 2 𝑥 )

¿ 2 𝑥 cos ( 2 𝑥 ) +sin ( 2 𝑥 )
 34

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =cos ( 2 𝑥 )
′ 𝑑
𝑦 =−sin ( 2 𝑥 ) (2 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
¿ −sin ( 2 𝑥 )( 2 )
¿ −2 sin ( 2 𝑥 )
 35

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =cos 2 𝑥
2
¿ ( cos 𝑥 )
𝑑 2
𝑦 ′= ( cos 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
 36

𝑑
¿ 2 cos 𝑥 ( cos 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
¿ 2 cos 𝑥 ( − sin 𝑥 )
¿ −2 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑜𝑟 − 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
 37

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =tan ( 4 𝑥 − 1 )
2 𝑑
𝑦 ′ =sec ( 4 𝑥 − 1 ) (4 𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥
¿ sec 2 ( 4 𝑥 − 1 ) ( 4 )
¿ 4 sec 2 ( 4 𝑥 − 1 )
 38

Ex: Differentiate .

𝑦 =csc ( 3 𝑥 +1 )
2

𝑑
𝑦 =−csc ( 3 𝑥 +1 ) cot ( 3 𝑥 +1 ) ( 3 𝑥 2 +1 )
′ 2 2
𝑑𝑥
¿ − csc ( 3 𝑥 2+1 ) cot ( 3 𝑥 2 +1 ) ( 6 𝑥 )
¿ − 6 𝑥 csc ( 3 𝑥 2+ 1 ) cot ( 3 𝑥 2 +1 )
 39

Differentiation of
Logarithmic and
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
 40

Following are rules used for finding the derivative of

logarithmic and inverse trigonometric functions. The
rules were derived by using trigonometric identities
and basic concepts of the logarithm in conjunction
with the delta method and the definition of
derivatives.
 41

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
ln 𝑥= ln𝑢=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
( log 𝑏 𝑥 )=
𝑥 ln 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
( log 𝑏 𝑢 )=
𝑢 ln 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
 42

𝑑
( sin −1 𝑥 )= 1 2 𝑑
( sin −1 𝑢 )= 1 2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √ 1− 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
( cos −1 𝑥 ) = −1 2 𝑑
( cos −1 𝑢 ) = −1 2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1 −𝑢 𝑑𝑥
 43

𝑑
( tan −1 𝑥 ) = 1 2
𝑑
( tan −1 𝑢 ) = 1 2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
( cot −1 𝑥 ) = −1 2 𝑑
( cot −1 𝑢 )= −1 2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑢 𝑑𝑥
 44

𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
( sec −1 𝑥 )= ( sec −1 𝑢 )=
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√ 𝑥2 −1 𝑑𝑥 |𝑢| √ 𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 −1 𝑑
( csc − 1 𝑥 )= ( csc − 1 𝑢 ) = − 12 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√ 𝑥 2 −1 𝑑𝑥 |𝑢| √𝑢 −1 𝑑𝑥
 45

The rules which are found on the right column of each

slide are used when a term other than is used (i.e. , , ).
So, instead of using , we use . This means that is a
differentiable function of .
 46

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =ln ( 5 𝑥 )
1 𝑑
𝑦 ′= ∙ (5 𝑥 )
5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
¿
𝑥
 47

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =log 2 ( 6 𝑥+5 )
1 𝑑
𝑦 ′= ∙ ( 6 𝑥+5 )
( 6 𝑥+5 ) ln 2 𝑑𝑥
6 6
¿ 𝑜𝑟
( 6 𝑥 +5 ) ln 2 6 𝑥 ln 2+ 5 ln 2
 48

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =sin − 1 ( 𝑥 2 − 2 )
1 𝑑
𝑦 ′= ∙ ( 𝑥
2
− 2)
√1− ( 𝑥 −2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2

1
¿ (2 𝑥 )
√1 − ( 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 4 )
4 2
 49

2𝑥
¿
√1 − 𝑥 4 + 4 𝑥2 − 4
2𝑥
¿
√− 𝑥 4 + 4 𝑥 2 − 3
 50

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =csc − 1 ( 2 𝑥 )
−1 𝑑
𝑦 ′= ∙ (2 𝑥 )
2 𝑥 √ ( 2 𝑥 ) − 1 𝑑𝑥
2

−1 1
¿ 𝑜𝑟 −
𝑥 √ 4 𝑥 −1
2
𝑥 √ 4 𝑥 2 −1
 51

Ex: Find the derivative of .

𝑦 =cot −1 ( 4 − 3 𝑥 2 )
−1 𝑑
𝑦 ′= ∙
2 2 𝑑𝑥
( 4 − 3 𝑥
2
)
1+ ( 4 −3 𝑥 )
−1
¿ 2 4
(− 6 𝑥 )
1+16 − 24 𝑥 +9 𝑥
6𝑥
¿ 4 2
9 𝑥 − 24 𝑥 +17
 52

There are a lot of rules to consider but it is not really

that confusing in selecting which rule to use. You just
take note of the characteristics of the function you are
to differentiate and compare it to the different rules.
Then, apply that rule on the function.
 53

To facilitate in answering the exercises and term test

in the future, I suggest that you copy the different
rules on a clean sheet of paper or notebook.
As you answer Exercise 4, please read the instructions
that are written there and follow them.
 54

Thanks!
Any questions?
You can contact me through:
sir.rickyiii@slrcormoc.edu.ph