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    Embriologi 2022

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    ikhlas maulana
    1. Embryology is the study of embryonic development. Fertilization produces a zygote, which develops through germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. 2. Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation. Spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily in testes, while oogenesis produces one egg monthly in ovaries. 3. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming a blastula. The blastula implants and undergoes gastrulation to form the three germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neurulation then forms the neural tube which will develop into the central nervous system.

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    Embriologi 2022

    Uploaded by

    ikhlas maulana
    54 views33 pages
    1. Embryology is the study of embryonic development. Fertilization produces a zygote, which develops through germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. 2. Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation. Spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily in testes, while oogenesis produces one egg monthly in ovaries. 3. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming a blastula. The blastula implants and undergoes gastrulation to form the three germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neurulation then forms the neural tube which will develop into the central nervous system.

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    1. Embryology is the study of embryonic development. Fertilization produces a zygote, which develops through germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. 2. Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation. Spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily in testes, while oogenesis produces one egg monthly in ovaries. 3. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming a blastula. The blastula implants and undergoes gastrulation to form the three germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neurulation then forms the neural tube which will develop into the central nervous system.

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    54 views33 pages

    Embriologi 2022

    Uploaded by

    ikhlas maulana
    1. Embryology is the study of embryonic development. Fertilization produces a zygote, which develops through germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. 2. Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation. Spermatogenesis produces millions of sperm daily in testes, while oogenesis produces one egg monthly in ovaries. 3. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming a blastula. The blastula implants and undergoes gastrulation to form the three germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neurulation then forms the neural tube which will develop into the central nervous system.

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    EMBRIOLOGI

    dr. Arfianti, M. Biomed, PhD


    Outline

    • Proses gametogenesis
    • Fertilisasi
    • Cleavage
    • Blastulasi
    • Proses gastrulasi dan 3 lapis germinal (ectoderm, mesoderm dan
    endoderm).
    • Pembentukan membran plasenta dan fetal
    • Neurulasi
    • Mampu menjelaskan fungsi plasenta, selaput amnion dan korda
    umbilical
    Pendahuluan:
    • Embriologi : ilmu yang mempelajari perkembangan embrio
    • Zigot : hasil fertilisasi ovum oleh sperma, 2 minggu pertama
    setelah konsepsi (Germinal stage)
    • Embrio : perkembangan minggu 3-8 (Embryionic period)
    • Fetus/janin : minggu 9 – lahir (Fetal period)
    Gametogenesis
    • Proses pembentukan gamet atau sel kelamin dari,
    spermatozoa dan ovum
    • Sel germinal
    • Perbedaan:
    • Jumlah, spermatogenesis menghasilkan jutaan hari
    sedangkan oogenesis menghasilkan 1 ovum setiap bulan
    • Lokasi, spermatogenesis di testis sedangkan oogenesis
    terjadi di ovarium
    • Onset, Meiosis I saat fetus
    • Durasi, pria, dimulai dari pubertas seumur hidup
    sedangkan wanita mulai dari pubertas sampai menopause
    Spermatogenesis: tubulus seminiferus
    • 64 hari
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis I dan II
    • Spermiogenesis
    • DNA becomes highly
    condensed
    • The acrosome, tail and
    the midpiece (containing
    mitochondria) are formed 4n
    • Most of the cytoplasm is
    2n
    eliminated
    Oogenesis
    • Initiated in follicles in
    the ovary but is
    completed in the
    Fallopian tube following
    fertilization
    • Begins during fetal life
    • Time for completion :
    15 to 50 years
    • Oocyte is ovulated at
    metaphase II
    Gametogenesis
    Struktur Sperma
    Ovum
    Enzim akrosom
    • Enzim hialuronidase  matriks kumulus oophorus.
    • Enzim akrosin  zona pellucida.
    • Enzim neuraminidase menginduksi reaksi zona
    mencegah polispermi.
    • Enzim ATP-ase proses kapasitasi.
    • Enzim asam fosfatase, asam aspartilamidase dan -
    glukoronidase fungsinya belum diketahui
    Cleavage: 24-36 jam setelah konsepsi (mitosis)
    GASTRULASI
    • Implanted blastula forms 3 germ layers
    • 3 weeks following ferlitization
    • paling kritis selama masa perkembangan
    • Cells of the epiblast layer break off and migrate toward the
    primitive pit. Here, they detach and penetrate through the
    epiblast layer to form three new germ cell layers:
    • Endoderm – formed by hypoblast cells that migrate through
    the primitive pit and displace the hypoblast cells.
    • Mesoderm – formed by epiblast cells that migrate through the
    primitive pit and lie between the epiblast layer and the newly
    created endoderm.
    • Ectoderm – formed by the epiblast cells that remain in
    position.
    TUBULASI
    • proses pembumbungan
    • Pembentukan sistem saraf pusat dari lapisan ektoderm diawali
    dengan pembentukan tabung neural
    • notokord akan menginduksi ektoderm diatasnya sehingga
    terjadi penebalan membentuk keping neural (neural plate)
    • menebal serta tumbuh keatas membentuk lipatan neural
    (neural fold)
    • parit neural (neural groove)
    • terbentuklah tabung neural (neural tube)
    • Tabung neural akan menggelembung dan berkontriksi
    sehingga terbentuk ruang-ruang (ventrikel dan sumsum tulang
    belakang).
    • tabung neural bagian anterior  tiga vesikula (gelembung):
    o Otak depan (prosencefalon)
    o otak tengah (mesencefalon) dan
    o otak belakang (rhombensefalon)
    • tabung neuralis bagian posterior akan berdiferensiasi menjadi
    medula spinalis

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