MATHEMATICS

IN THE
MODERN WORLD
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
 SEQUENCE
A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms that may have
repeated values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.

24 4− 4 0 2 4 2 ∙2 ∙ 2∙ 2
=2 = 2 =1 𝑜𝑟 4 =  = 1
EXAMPLE : Generating a Sequence 2
4
2 2 ∙2 ∙ 2∙ 2
Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.
a. 1, 10, 100,
1000
SOLUTION. Looking at the set of numbers, it can be observed that each term
is a power of 10: 1=10 0 ZERO RULE
1
1 0=10 Following this rule, the next three terms are:
1 00=102 , and .
1 000=103 ANSWER. 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000,
1,000,000
b. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, _____, _____, _____.
SOLUTION.
• The difference between the first and second terms (2 and 5) is 3.
• The difference between the second and third terms (5 and9) is 4.
• The difference between the third and fourth terms (9 and 14) is 5.
• The difference of fourth and fifth terms is 6.
Following this rule, it can be deduced that to obtain the next three terms, we
should add 7, 8, 9, respectively, to the current term. Hence the next three terms
are: 20 + 7 = 27
27 + 8 = 35
35 + 9 = 44
ANSWER. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, 27, 35, 44
 Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.
a. 16, 32, 64, 128 256
• Double the previous term to find the next term, would be the pattern.
b. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8
• The sequence in example b is a special sequence called the FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
• It is named after the mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who was better known by his
nickname Fibonacci.
• He is said to have discovered this sequence as he looked at how a hypothesized group
of rabbits bred and reproduced.
• The problem involved having a single pair of rabbits and then finding out how many
pairs of rabbits will be born in a year, with the assumption that a new pair of rabbits
beginning at two months after they were born. He noted that the set of numbers
generated from this problem could be extended by getting the sum of the two previous
terms.
Starting with 0 and 1, the succeeding terms in the sequence can be generated by
adding the two numbers that came before the term:
0+1=1 0, 1, 1
1+1=2 0, 1, 1, 2

1+2=3 0, 1, 1, 2, 3

2+3=5 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5

3+5=8 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

5 + 8 = 13 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
 1
Ex. Find Fib(1). _______ 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, …

233
Ex. Find Fib(13). _______ 0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 21, 34, …, 233.

234
Ex. Find the sum of Fib(1) and Fib(13). _______
0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 21, 34, …, 233.
1 + 233 = 234
• Fibonacci sequence is evident in the number of variations of a particular category
of Sanskrit and Prakrit poetry meters. In poetry, meter refers to the rhythmic
patterns of syllables.
Variations - the act or process of varying : the state or fact of being varied a measure
of the change in data, a variable, or a function
Prakrit - any or all of the ancient Indo-Aryan languages or dialects other than
Sanskrit
Sanskrit - classical Sanskrit together with the older Vedic and various later
modifications of classical Sanskrit
• Iambic Pentameter: The most common meter in English language poetry,
iambic pentameter has five feet of two syllables each (for a total of ten syllables)
alternating between unstressed and stressed syllables.
For example: “Shall I comPARE thee TO a SUMmer’s DAY?”
(“Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare)
Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
 
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date;
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
MATHEMATICS FOR OUR WORLD
MATHEMATICS FOR OUR WORLD
We have seen in the preceding sections how evident mathematics is in the
natural world, specifically in how the patterns that we observe in nature
follow logical and mathematical structure. It is, therefore, important that we
learn mathematical concepts and apply them in solving societal problems.
• Mathematics for Organization
• Mathematics for Prediction
• Mathematics for Control
• Mathematics is Indispensable
• Mathematics for Organization
A lot of events happen around us. In the blink of an eye, several
children have already been born, liters of water have been
consumed, or thousands of tweets have been posted. For us to make
sense of all available information, we need mathematical tools to
help us make sound analysis and better decisions.

DIGITAL
ONLINE
NETWORK
STRATEGY
LINK DATA
SHARES
DEVELOPMENT SOLUTION
• Mathematics for Prediction
It is sometimes said that history repeats itself. As
much as we can use mathematical models using existing
data to generate analysis and interpretations, we can also
use them to make predictions. Applying the concept of
probability, experts can calculate the chance of an event
occurring.
• Mathematics for Control
We have demonstrated by means of examples around us that
patterns are definitely present in the universe. There seems to be
an underlying mathematical structure in the way that natural
objects and phenomenon behave. While photographers could
capture a single moment through the snapshot, videographers
could record events as they unfold. Painters and sculptors could
create masterpieces in interpreting their surroundings, poets could
use beautiful words to describe an object, and musicians could
capture and reproduce sounds that they hear.
• Mathematics is Indispensable
How mathematical concepts could be applied. Whether you
are on your way to becoming a doctor, an engineer, an
entrepreneur, or a chef, a knowledge of mathematics will be
helpful. At the most basic level, logical reasoning and critical
thinking are crucial skills that are needed in any endeavor. As
such, the study of mathematics should be embraced as it paves the
way for more educated decisions.
TASK: REPORT (Discovery Approach)
• Mathematics for Organization (group 1)
• Mathematics for Prediction (group 2)
• Mathematics for Control (group 3)
• Mathematics is Indispensable (group 4)
 CRITERIA

CONTENT/EXPLANATION 40%
VISUAL AIDS/CREATIVENESS 30%
ACCURACY 20%
PARTICIPATION 10%
Choose one color
 Choose one color
3rd presenter 2nd presenter

1st presenter 4th presenter