Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

Modeling and Fabrication of Pesticide

Sprinkler Machine
Final Year Project
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By: Supervised by:
Saurabh Jaiswal (2018051093)
Shri Sunil Kumar Yadav
Assistant Professor
Rijul Trivedi (2018051084)
Surabhi Rao (2018051116)
Sushma (2018051120)
Rohan Singh (2018051086)
Sidharth Gourav (2018051106)
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Presentation Outline
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Problem Statement
 Objective
 Working Principle
 Components
 Calculations
 Assembly
 Fabrications
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
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INTRODUCTION
• Farmers have been using the conventional methods and equipment for a
long time e.g. seed sowing, spraying etc.
• Poor farmers and those with small land area are using knapsack sprayer
because of its versatility, cost and design.
• Our model is manual operated system. By using this we can reduce
maximum effort required for spraying pesticides, also we can spray
pesticides in any direction or at any height of crops.
• Our model comprises of manually operated multi nozzle pesticides
sprayer pump which will perform spraying at maximum rate in minimum
time.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
• Shivaraja Kumar Parameswaramurthy designed and developed a wheel
and pedal operated sprayer. It is a portable device and does not need any
fuel to operate, which is easy to move and sprays the pesticide by moving
the wheel and also peddling the equipment.

• Sandeep H. Poratkar and Dhanraj R. Raut published a research paper on

”Development of Multinozzle Pesticides Sprayer Pump”. This paper
suggests a model of manually operated multi nozzle pesticides sprayer
pump which will perform spraying at maximum rate in minimum time.
Constant flow valves can be applied at nozzle to have uniform nozzle
pressure.

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• Another machine which is developed and supplied in England was

manufactured and patented by Holme Farm Supplies Ltd. This machine is
consisting of water tank on tractor. This water tank contains liquid pesticides.
On back side of it a long rod is attached on which nozzles are attached. This
is used to spray pesticides.

• One another machine is made in India by Mansukhbhai Jagani. He attached

spraying and cultivating equipment to his bike. So his bike was able to
furrow opening, sowing, cultivate and spray pesticides on plants. This was
proved as cost effective for small size farms.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT
• A backpack sprayer is available in market having capacity of 10-20 L of
pesticide or insecticide.
• Due to continuous pumping during the operation it results in muscular
disorder of farmer.
• There are chances of improper spraying because backpack sprayer cannot
maintain enough pressure.
• For maintaining adequate pressure a lot of labour and time is required.
Pumping to operating pressure is also time consuming.
• Small area of land is covered.
• Back pain problems may arise during middle age due to carrying of 10-20
liter tank on back.
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OBJECTIVE
• To model and fabricate a mechanism to fulfill the need of economically
weak farmers for pesticides and fertilizers spraying in a single set up
whenever needed.
• It also reduces the maximum effort required for spraying pesticides.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The whole mechanism is mechanically operated.
• When the equipment is pushed forward by using handles, front wheel
rotates which also rotates which also lead to the rotation of sprocket.
• Sprocket rotates and the rear sprocket also rotates through the chain
drive.
• The rotary motion of sprocket is converted into the reciprocating motion
by single slider crank mechanism.
• The connecting rod moves upward and downward which then reciprocates
the piston of the pump mounted at the top of storage tank.
• Due to reciprocating motion of piston, pressure increases inside the pump
causes sprinkling action.
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COMPONENTS
FRAME:
The two most important goals in the design of chassis are that it be
lightweight and rigid. The main function of chassis is to support the
body panels and other components so that everything feels solid and
has a reliable life span.

Fig: Frame
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STORAGE TANK:

• Tank is the unit where the mixture of water and pesticides are stored.

• The tank is made of plastics, this prevents the tank from corrosion and
gives long life to the tank.

Fig: Storage Tank

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NOZZLE:

•The main function of nozzle is to spray insecticides perfectly. The pressurized

fluid containing pesticides flow through the pipes and came at the nozzle, then
the nozzle separate the particles and spray the mixed fluid on the crops.
•It is a device which converts the pressure energy of fluid into kinetic energy.

Fig: Nozzle
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WHEELS:

Wheels are used to carry the whole assembly and move machine from one
place to another by rotary motion of it.

Fig: Wheels

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CHAIN AND SPROCKET:

• In our project chain plays an important role because chain gives rotary
motion to the secondary / driven sprocket and this rotary motion is further
converted into reciprocating motion.
• A sprocket is commonly a wheel with teeth that lock onto a chain. When
the sprocket rotates, the teeth hold the chain and the other parts attached
to the chain.
• This operation provides simple and controlled rotational movement of
large equipment and machinery
• Chain and sprocket drives are used to transmit power from one
component to another. Specially, they transfer speed and torque through
the use of a linked chain and sprocket.

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Fig. Sprocket Fig. Chain

Fig. Sprocket with Chain

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FLEXIBLE PIPE:

• Flexible pipe is used to carry pesticide from piston pump to the nozzles.
To reduce weight on the trolley and to reduce corrosion.

• Polyethylene and PVC are two pipes that are frequently used in sprinkler
system.

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Table: Specifications of components

Name of the component Number of items Dimensions (cm) Material

Length = 180
Frame 1 Width = 31 Mild Steel
Height = 191
No. of teeth = 43
Large Sprocket 1 Medium Carbon Steel
Diameter =18
No. of teeth = 14
Small Sprocket 1 Medium Carbon Steel
Diameter =7
No. of link = 116
Chain 1 Malleable Links
Length = 150

Wheel 1 Diameter = 60 Natural Rubber and Steel

Length = 30
Shaft 1 Mild Steel
Diameter = 4.6

Connecting Rod 1 Length = 45 Mild Steel

Length = 36
Storage Tank 1 Width = 17.5 PVC Material
Height = 40.5
Length = 197
Pipe 1 PVC Material
Diameter = 0.7

Boom Pipe 1 Length = 62 Steel

Nozzle 4 Diameter = 0.2 Plastic

Total Weight 34.95 kg

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CALCULATIONS

1. Selection of Wheel

Distance between two plants, D1= 315 mm (approx.)

Line covered by one rotation of wheel, m=6
D1×m=315 ×6 = 1890mm (approx.)
1890 = 2πr
where r is radius of wheel,
r = 1890/2π
r = 300.8 mm
The diameter of wheel,
D= 2×r = 601.6 mm
D=60cm (approx.)

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2. Selection of Sprocket

Number of teeth available on pinion sprocket, Tp = 14

Gear ratio needed to gain required pressure in storage pump, G = 3:1
On rotation of gear sprocket gives three rotation of pinion sprocket,
we required three strokes to generate adequate amount of pressure.
For number of teeth on gear sprocket (Tg), G = Tg/Tp
3/1= Tg/Tp
3/1= Tg/14 Tg= 42
Number of teeth selected for gear sprocket, Tg = 43 (odd number of
teeth are selected to distribute wear evenly)

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Calculation for Centre Distance Between Sprockets:

Pitch of chain, P = 1.3cm

No. of links in chain = 116
Chain Length, L = K * P
L = 116 * 1.3
L = 150.8
Tp = 14
Tg = 43
Centre distance, x = P/4 [K- {( Tp + Tg ) / 2} + {{K- (( Tp + Tg ) / 2)}2 –
8{(( Tp + Tg ) / 2π)}2}½]

x = 1.3/4 [116 - {(14+43) / 2} + {{116 - ((14+43) / 2)}2 – 8{((14+43) /

2π)}2}½]
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x = 56.5 cm
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3. Selection of Nozzle
Diameter of wheel =60 cm

Let’s consider farm of 1 Acre, Therefore, 1 acre = 4046.86 m 2

=√4046.86= 64 m.
Number of plants in 64 meters, N =64/0.315 N= 203 (approx.)
For hand backpack spray pump, approximately 60 litre of pesticide are
used for 1 acre farm.
Consider 60 litre of pesticide is required for 1 acre farm so the amount
of pesticide is required for one plant,

Total number of plants in 1 acre, 203 × 203 = 41206

60 litre for 1 acre,
60 / 41209 = 1.4559926 × 10-3 ltr/plant.

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Consider time required for 1 acre farm to spray a pesticide is 3 hours (180
minute) (approx.)
Therefore,
41209/180 = 228.9389 plant/minute

Discharge through nozzle, Q =1.4559926 × 10-3 × 228.9389

Q=0.3333 litre/minute

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4. Total discharge of pump

We are going to join two nozzles each with two opening so total four nozzles are used.
Then pump required to produce the discharge is

4* (0.3333) = 1.3333 lpm

Total discharge of pump is 1.333 lpm.

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5. Weight of Model
Length of frame = 1800 mm
Width of frame = 310 mm
Height of frame = 1910 mm
Total length of pipe required = 8409 mm
Cross section area of square pipe = (Outer cross section area) – (Inner cross
section area)
= (272) – (232)
= 200 mm2
Volume of frame = cross section area * length of square pipe
= 200 * 8409
= 1681800 mm3
Density of mild steel material = 7.7 * 10-6 kg/mm2 = 7.7 * 10-8 kg/cm2
Density = Mass / Volume
Mass = Density * Volume
Mass of frame = 7.7 * 10-6 * 1681800
=12.94986 = 12.95 kg
Total Weight = 12.95(frame) + 19(completely filled storage tank) + 2(wheel) +
1.0(flexible pipe, boom pipe, nozzle etc.) = 34.95 kg * 9.81 = 342.8595 N
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6. Time to required for spraying 1 acre land

Discharge, Q = 1.33* 10-3 m3 /minute

Time required to sprinkle 16 litre of pesticide,
t = Time required for 16 litre of pesticide to be sprinkled
t=16 litre / 1.33* 10-3
t = 12 minute
In 1 acre of land, approx. 60 litre of pesticide is required.
As we calculated,16 litre of pesticide takes 12 minute to
completely sprayed.
Hence, 60 litre takes 45 minutes to spray completely.
So, to cover 1 acre of land our machine takes 45 minutes

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3D Model of Pesticide Sprinkler Machine

Fig: Isometric view

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Fig: Top View

Fig: Front View

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Fig: Side View

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ASSEMBLY
• It consist of frame on which bicycle wheel is mounted with
the help of axle.
• Sprocket is mounted on the same axle.
• Sprocket is connected to rear sprocket by the help of chain.
• Now, rear sprocket and piston rod of storage tank is
connected with each other by the help of connecting rod.
• Flexible pipe is attached to the storage tank which is further
attached to the nozzles.

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FABRICATION
Step 1: Collecting components of machine from workshop and
market.
Step 2: Disassembly of purchased storage tank.
Step 3: Fabrication of frame using mild steel pipes.
Step 4: Rare and front, sprockets, chains, wheel, connecting
rod, tank, pipe, boom pipe and nozzle are assembled.
Step 5: The whole machine fabrication completion by paints.

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Fig: Fabricated Model

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Working Video of Fabricated Model

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Table: Cost Analysis

Components Price / Unit Estimated Unit Cost (Rs.)

Mild steel pipe 90Rs/Kg 13 kg 1170

Wheel 3200Rs/Unit 1 3200

Small Sprocket 300Rs/Unit 1 300

Large Sprocket 400Rs/Unit 1 400

Chain 200Rs/Unit 1 200

Storage Tank 800Rs/Unit 1 800

Boom Pipe 200Rs/Unit 1 200

Nozzle 30Rs/Unit 2 60

Pipe 50Rs/Unit 1 50

Paint 600Rs/Litre 200ml 120

Filler Rod 10Rs/Unit 8 Unit 80

Cutting Blade 180Rs/Unit 1 Unit 180

Total Cost = Rs. 6760 /-

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ADVANTAGES
• Human effort in pumping is saved.
• Less tiresome as compared to the conventional sprayer
as the tank is carried on vehicle.
• Increases the capacity of spraying.
• Cost effective as compared to automatic sprayers.
• Adjustable sprayer helps to spray on big as well as on
small crops.
• Its cost is less than electrically and solar operated pump.
• It reduces the fatigue of operator during the operation.
• It increases the efficiency of operator.
• It can cover more area of land during spray.
• It has no air pollution.

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LIMITATIONS
• In rainy days, in muddy environment it is difficult to
operate.
• Each crop should have limited minimum spacing with
adjacent crop.
• This mechanism work when crops are planted in rows, so for
irregular crops, it is difficult to work.
• The flow is very less and can’t be used for high flow
operation.

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APPLICATIONS
• Its major use is in agriculture to spray fertilizer.
• Used to spray chemical or organic pesticide on plants in farm.
• It can be used for follier spray.
• Used to sanitize a large area.
• It is use for spray water in garden on the plants.
• In city and urban area, it can use for spraying water on lawn.
• For the insecticides application to control insect pests on crops and in stores,
houses, kitchen, poultry farms, barns, etc.
• For the fungicides and bactericides application to control the plant diseases..

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CONCLUSION
Farmers have been using the conventional methods and equipment e.g.,
knapsack sprayer for a long time. It is very time consuming and tiring as it
requires the hard labor. Our model is manual operated system, by using
which we can reduce maximum effort required for spraying pesticides.
We can also spray pesticides in any direction and at any height of crops.
Our model comprises of manually operated multi nozzle pesticides
sprayer pump which will perform spraying at maximum rate in minimum
time. With the advancement of technology there are wide variety of
pesticide sprayer machines are available e.g., drone mechanism, HTP
sprayer etc., but with being convenient they are very expensive as well,
and can’t be afforded by a majority of poor farmers. Hence, our model is
a suitable mechanism for a wide range of farmers as it reduces the man
labor, increases the spraying rate, reduces the time and it is cost effective.

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REFERENCES
[1] Swapnil Thorat, Jagdish Pathare, Vinayak Kumbhar ,2018
“MULTIPURPOSE PESTICIDES SPRAYER PUMP” International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,Volume: 05 (06), 808-811

[2] Kiran C H, Rajesh Sthavarmath, Abhishek, R Gowtham Raj, Amar,2018

“Fabrication of Multipurpose Pest Sprayer” International Journal of
Research and Scientific Innovation, Volume 05 (05), 12-15

[3] Parmeshwar Paul, Akshay Chachare, Chirag Bhoir, Pravin Khare, Tejas
Davande, 2021 “Design and Development of Multipurpose Pesticides
Sprinkler and Fertilizer Spreader Machine” International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology, Volume 09 (03) , 539-542

[4] V.B. Bhandari, A textbook of Design of Machine Elements, design of

chain and sprocket, etc., 4th Edition.

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