GAS LAW

BOYLE’S LAW, CHARLES LAW, GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW. COMBINED GAS

LAW, AND IDEAL GAS LAW
 INTRODUCTION
 Gas laws refer to a set of principles that describe the behavior of gases under
different conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and volume. These laws
help us understand how gases behave and interact with one another in
various settings, from the air we breathe to the gases used in industry and
medicine.
 The importance of gas laws cannot be overstated, as they are critical in many
aspects of everyday life, including weather forecasting, gas storage and
transportation, and the functioning of engines and other machinery that rely
on gases. By understanding the behavior of gases, we can make better
decisions about how to use and manage them safely and efficiently.
 Properties of Gases
 Definition of gases:
Gases are substances
that have no fixed shape
or volume and can
expand or contract to fill
any container. They are
made up of particles that
are in constant random
motion, moving at high
speeds in all directions.
 Characteristics of gases:
Gases have low density,
are highly compressible,
and have low viscosity.
They also have a
tendency to expand to
fill any available space.
Gases can be heated or
cooled to change their
volume and pressure.
 Comparison of gases to
solids and liquids:
Compared to solids, gases
have much lower densities,
are highly compressible,
and have a much greater
tendency to fill any
available space. Compared
to liquids, gases are much
less dense, have lower
viscosities, and do not have
a fixed volume or shape.
 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
1. Gases are composed of tiny particles called molecules. The particles are so tiny that the spaces
between particles are so big comparatively speaking.
2. These particles are in constant motion. They move in a straight path until they collide with other
particles and change direction. The constant changing of direction makes the motion of molecules
random. This random motion is called Brownian Motion.
3. Due to the random motion of the molecules, chances are, they also strike the walls of the container.
The forces exerted by the molecules on the wall are called gas pressure.
4. Because particles have masses, they are affected by gravity.
5. The collision of gas particles is perfectly elastic. There are no attractive forces among the molecules
or even between molecules and the container. Thus, there is neither energy lost nor gained due to
collision alone.
6. Gas temperature is due to the kinetic energy of the particles.
 GAS LAWS
BOYLE’S LAW
CHARLES’S LAW
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
COMBINED GAS LAW
IDEAL GAS LAW
 STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)
NIST (National Institute of Standards and
Technology)

TEMPERATURE = 0°C or 273.15K or 32°F

PRESSURE = 760mmHg(Torr) or 1 atm or
101.325kPa or 14.696 psi
VOLUME = 22.4L
 CONVERSION OF UNITS
PRESSURE
1 atm = 101.325 kPa
1 atm = 760 mmHg (Torr)
1 atm = 14.696 psi
TEMPERATURE
C to K: K = C + 273.15 F to C: C = (F – 32) x 5/9
K to C: C= K - 273.15 C to F: F = C (5/9) + 32
F to K: K = (F – 32) x 5/9 + 273.15K to F: F = (K – 273.15) x 9/5 + 32
 BOYLE’S LAW – VOLUME-PRESSURE
RELATIONSHIP
 Boyle's Law describes the
relationship between the volume and
pressure of a gas at a constant
temperature. It is named after the
Irish physicist Robert Boyle, who first
discovered the law in the 17th
century. The law states that as the
pressure of a gas increases, its
volume decreases proportionally, and
vice versa, as long as the
temperature of the gas remains
constant.
BOYLE’S LAW
BOYLE’S LAW
The mathematical formula for Boyle's
Law is as follows:

P1V1 = P2V2

where P1 and V1 represent the initial

pressure and volume of a gas,
respectively, and P2 and V2 represent
the new pressure and volume of the
gas when the pressure is changed.
 Boyle's Law has several real-life
applications, including:
 Scuba diving: Boyle's Law is crucial in scuba diving because as a diver descends deeper
underwater, the pressure increases, causing the volume of the air in their lungs to
decrease. Divers must carefully monitor their air supply to avoid running out of oxygen.
 Balloons: The principle behind balloons is also related to Boyle's Law. When a balloon is
inflated, the air pressure inside the balloon increases, causing the volume of the balloon
to expand.
 Breathing: The expansion and contraction of the chest during breathing also rely on
Boyle's Law. As the chest expands, the volume of the lungs increases, causing a decrease
in pressure, which draws air into the lungs. As the chest contracts, the volume of the
lungs decreases, causing an increase in pressure, which forces air out of the lungs.
 PROBLEM SOLVING SAMPLES: BOYLE’S LAW

Suppose we have a container of gas with an initial pressure of 2 atm and a

volume of 1 liter. If we decrease the volume of the container to 0.5 liters
while keeping the temperature constant, what will be the final pressure.
P1V1 = P2V2
where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the
final pressure and volume when a gas undergoes a change in volume at
constant temperature.
P2 = (P1V1)/V2 = (2 atm x 1 L)/0.5 L = 4 atm
 Practice # 1 - Boyle’s Law
A gas in a container with a volume of 5 liters and a pressure of 2
atmospheres. If we decrease the volume to 3 liters while keeping the
temperature constant, what will be the final pressure?

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
2 atm x 5 L = P2 x 3 L
P2 = (2 atm x 5 L) / 3 L
P2 = 3.33 atm
 Practice # 2 - Boyle’s Law
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 350.0 mL at a pressure of
462.9 mmHg. Calculate the new pressure if the volume is
decreased to 225 mL at a constant temperature of 20.0 degrees
Celsius.
Solution: P1= 462.9 mmHg P2 = ?
V1 = 350.0 mL V2 = 225 mL
P2 = P1V1/V2 = 462.9 mmHg x 350.0 mL/ 225mL
= 720 mmHg
 CHARLE’S LAW – VOLUME-TEMPERATURE
RELATIONSHIP
 Charles's Law, also known as
the Law of Volume-
Temperature Relationship, is a
gas law that describes the
relationship between the
volume and temperature of a
gas, while holding the
pressure constant. It was first
formulated by French scientist
Jacques Charles in the late
18th century.
CHARLE’S LAW – VOLUME-TEMPERATURE
RELATIONSHIP
CHARLE’S LAW – VOLUME-TEMPERATURE
RELATIONSHIP
The mathematical formula for Charles's Law is:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

Where V₁ and T₁ are the initial volume and

temperature of a gas, and V₂ and T₂ are the final
volume and temperature of the gas,
respectively. This equation states that the ratio
of the initial volume to the initial temperature is
equal to the ratio of the final volume to the final
temperature of the gas, provided that the
pressure is held constant.
 Charles's Law has several real-life applications,
including:
 Hot air balloons: Charles's Law explains why hot air balloons rise into the air. As the air inside the balloon is
heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cooler air. This causes the balloon to rise,
as the less dense hot air inside the balloon is displaced by the denser cooler air outside.
 Gas storage: Charles's Law is also used to design gas storage tanks, such as propane tanks. The tanks are
designed to handle changes in temperature by allowing the gas to expand and contract as the temperature
changes, while maintaining a constant pressure inside the tank.
 Refrigeration systems: Refrigeration systems use Charles's Law to cool and compress gases. The gas is
compressed, which causes its temperature to rise. The gas is then cooled to remove the heat, causing its
volume to decrease. This creates a low-pressure region, which allows the gas to expand and absorb heat
from the surrounding environment, cooling the area.
 Balloons: Party balloons also illustrate Charles's Law. When balloons are inflated, they are filled with a gas,
such as helium. As the gas inside the balloon warms up, it expands and causes the balloon to expand as well.
Conversely, if the temperature of the gas inside the balloon decreases, the volume of the gas decreases, and
the balloon appears to deflate.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
CHARLES’S LAW
PROBLEM 1
A gas occupies a volume of 1.5 L
at a temperature of 273 K. What
will be its volume at 300 K if the
pressure remains constant?
 SOLUTION
Using Charles's Law, we can set up the equation as:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
Plugging in the values, we get:
(1.5 L)/(273 K) = V₂/(300 K)
Solving for V₂, we get
V₂ = (1.5 L x 300 K) / 273 K = 1.64 L
Therefore, the volume of the gas will be 1.64 L at 300 K.
PROBLEM 2
A sample of gas has a volume of
2.0 L at 25°C. What will be the
volume of the gas at 100°C if the
pressure is held constant?
 SOLUTION
First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 K. So, the initial
temperature is:
25°C + 273.15 K = 298.15 K
and the final temperature is: 100°C + 273.15 K = 373.15 K
Then, we can set up the equation as V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ and plug in the values:
(2.0 L)/(298.15 K) = V₂/(373.15 K)
Solving for V₂, we get:
V₂ = (2.0 L x 373.15 K) / 298.15 K = 2.51 L
Therefore, the volume of the gas will be 2.51 L at 100°C.
PROBLEM 3
A sample of gas has a volume of
4.0 L at 300 K. What temperature is
needed to increase the volume to
5.0 L while keeping the pressure
constant?
 SOLUTION
Using Charles's Law, we can set up the equation as:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
Plugging in the values, we get:
(4.0 L)/(300 K) = (5.0 L)/(T₂)
Solving for T₂, we get:
T₂ = (5.0 L x 300 K) / 4.0 L = 375 K
Therefore, a temperature of 375 K is needed to increase the volume of the gas
to 5.0 L while keeping the pressure constant.
PROBLEM 4
A gas has a volume of 2.0 L at 25°C.
If the gas is cooled to -50°C while
the pressure is held constant, what
will be the new volume of the gas?
 SOLUTION
First, we need to convert the temperatures to Kelvin by adding 273.15 K. So, the initial
temperature is:
25°C + 273.15 K = 298.15 K
and the final temperature is:
-50°C + 273.15 K = 223.15 K
Then, we can use Charles's Law to solve for the new volume:
(2.0 L)/(298.15 K) = V₂/(223.15 K)
Solving for V₂, we get:
V₂ = (2.0 L x 223.15 K) / 298.15 K = 1.49 L
Therefore, the new volume of the gas will be 1.49 L when it is cooled to -50°C.
PROBLEM 5
A gas at a volume of 2.5 L and a
temperature of 300 K is heated to
500 K while the pressure is held
constant. What will be the new
volume of the gas?
 SOLUTION
Using Charles's Law, we can set up the equation as V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where V₁ is the initial
volume, T₁ is the initial temperature, V₂ is the final volume, and T₂ is the final
temperature. Since the pressure is held constant, we can assume that the pressure is
the same for both states.
Plugging in the values, we get:
(2.5 L)/(300 K) = V₂/(500 K)
Solving for V₂, we get:
V₂ = (2.5 L x 500 K) / 300 K = 4.17 L
Therefore, the new volume of the gas will be 4.17 L when it is heated to 500 K while the
pressure is held constant.
 GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW: PRESSURE-
TEMPERATURE LAW

Gay-Lussac's Law, also known as the

Pressure-Temperature Law,
describes the relationship between
the pressure and temperature of a
gas at a constant volume. The law
states that the pressure of a gas is
directly proportional to its
temperature in Kelvin, provided that
the volume and the number of
moles of the gas remain constant.
 GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW: PRESSURE-
TEMPERATURE LAW

Mathematical formula for Gay-

Lussac's Law:

P1/T1 = P2/T2

where P1 and T1 are the initial

pressure and temperature, and P2
and T2 are the final pressure and
temperature, respectively.
 Gay-Lussac’s Law has several real-life applications,
including:

 Gas cylinders: Gas cylinders that contain compressed gases, such as propane or butane,
are subject to high pressures that can cause the temperature of the gas inside to rise. Gay-
Lussac's Law is used to calculate the increase in temperature and pressure and ensure the
safety of the cylinder.
 Hot air balloons: Hot air balloons rely on the expansion of air due to heating to generate
lift. Gay-Lussac's Law plays a crucial role in ensuring that the temperature and pressure of
the air inside the balloon are optimal for lift and safety.
 Weather balloons: Weather balloons are used to measure atmospheric conditions at high
altitudes. These balloons contain a gas, usually helium or hydrogen, that expands as it rises
due to decreasing atmospheric pressure. Gay-Lussac's Law is used to predict the expansion
of the gas and the resulting change in pressure and temperature.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
PROBLEM 1
A gas sample at 1 atm and 25°C is
heated to a temperature of 75°C
while maintaining a constant
volume. What is the final pressure
of the gas?
 SOLUTION
P1/T1 = P2/T2
(1 atm)/(298 K) = P2/(348 K)
P2 = (1 atm) x (348 K) / (298 K) = 1.17 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 1.17 atm.

PROBLEM 2
A gas sample at 4 atm and 300 K is
cooled to a temperature of 250 K
while maintaining a constant
volume. What is the final pressure
of the gas?
 SOLUTION
P1/T1 = P2/T2
(4 atm)/(300 K) = P2/(250 K)
P2 = (4 atm) x (250 K) / (300 K) = 3.33 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 3.33 atm.

PROBLEM 3
A gas sample at 2 atm and 20°C is
heated to a temperature of 40°C
while maintaining a constant
volume. What is the final pressure
of the gas?
 SOLUTION
P1/T1 = P2/T2
(2 atm)/(293 K) = P2/(313 K)
P2 = (2 atm) x (313 K) / (293 K) = 2.14 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 2.14 atm.

PROBLEM 4
A gas sample at 1 atm and 25°C is
heated to a temperature of 100°C
while maintaining a constant
volume. What is the final pressure
of the gas?
 SOLUTION
P1/T1 = P2/T2
(1 atm)/(298 K) = P2/(373 K)
P2 = (1 atm) x (373 K) / (298 K) = 1.26 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 1.26 atm.

PROBLEM 5
A gas sample at 3 atm and 273 K is
heated to a temperature of 300 K
while maintaining a constant
volume. What is the final pressure
of the gas?
 SOLUTION
P1/T1 = P2/T2
(3 atm)/(273 K) = P2/(300 K)
P2 = (3 atm) x (300 K) / (273 K) = 3.29 atm

Therefore, the final pressure of the gas is 3.29 atm.

 COMBINED GAS LAW
The combined gas law is a gas
law that combines Boyle's Law,
Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac's
Law into a single equation. It
describes the relationship
between the pressure, volume,
and temperature of a gas when
all three variables are changing
simultaneously.
 COMBINED GAS LAW
The combined gas law can be expressed
mathematically as:
(P1 × V1) / T1 = (P2 × V2) / T2
where:
P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures of the gas,
measured in atmospheres (atm), kilopascals (kPa), or
any other unit of pressure.
V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas,
measured in liters (L), milliliters (mL), or any other unit
of volume.
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the
gas, measured in Kelvin (K) or any other unit of
temperature.
Combined Gas Law has several real-life applications,
including:
 Scuba Diving: The combined gas law is used to calculate the effects of changes in pressure,
volume, and temperature on the air supply in scuba diving tanks.
 Hot Air Balloons: The combined gas law is used to explain how the temperature and pressure of
the air inside a hot air balloon affect its ability to rise and fall.
 Airbags: The combined gas law is used to design the airbags in automobiles, which are inflated
rapidly by a chemical reaction between sodium azide and potassium nitrate.
 Weather Balloons: The combined gas law is used to study the behavior of the Earth's atmosphere
by measuring the pressure, volume, and temperature of the air at different altitudes.
 Gas Turbines: The combined gas law is used to design and optimize gas turbines used in power
generation and aviation by modeling the relationships between the pressure, volume, and
temperature of the combustion gases.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
COMBINED GAS
LAW
PROBLEM 1
A gas at 1 atm pressure, 20°C
temperature, and a volume of 2 L is
compressed to a volume of 1 L at a
temperature of 50°C. What is the
final pressure of the gas?
SOLUTION
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the given values:
(1 atm)(2 L)/(293 K) = P2(1 L)/(323 K)
P2 = (1 atm)(2 L)(323 K)/(1 L)(293 K)
P2 = 2.22 atm

The final pressure of the gas is 2.22 atm.

PROBLEM 2
A gas at 1 atm pressure, 27°C
temperature, and a volume of 2 L is
cooled to a temperature of 7°C while
maintaining a constant pressure.
What is the final volume of the gas?
SOLUTION
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the given values:
(1 atm)(2 L)/(300 K) = (1 atm)V2/(280 K)
V2 = (1 atm)(2 L)(280 K)/(1 atm)(300 K)
V2 = 1.87 L

The final volume of the gas is 1.87 L.

PROBLEM 3
A gas at 2 atm pressure, 25°C temperature,
and a volume of 5 L is compressed to a
volume of 2 L at a pressure of 5 atm. If the
temperature remains constant, what is the
final temperature of the gas?
SOLUTION
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the given values:
(2 atm)(5 L)/(298 K) = (5 atm)(2 L)/T2
T2 = (5 atm)(2 L)(298 K)/(2 atm)(5 L)
T2 = 298 K

The final temperature of the gas is 298 K.

PROBLEM 4
A gas at 1 atm pressure, 25°C
temperature, and a volume of 4 L is
heated to a temperature of 50°C
while maintaining a constant volume.
What is the final pressure of the gas?
SOLUTION
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the given values:
(1 atm)(4 L)/(298 K) = P2(4 L)/(323 K)
P2 = (1 atm)(4 L)(323 K)/(4 L)(298 K)
P2 = 1.16 atm

The final pressure of the gas is 1.16 atm.

PROBLEM 5
A gas at 2 atm pressure, 27°C temperature,
and a volume of 3 L is expanded to a
volume of 6 L at a temperature of 7°C. If
the pressure remains constant, what is the
final temperature of the gas?
SOLUTION
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Substituting the given values:
(2 atm)(3 L)/(300 K) = (2 atm)(6 L)/T2
T2 = (2 atm)(6 L)(300 K)/(2 atm)(3 L)
T2 = 600 K

The final temperature of the gas is 600 K.

 DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum
of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture. In other words, the pressure exerted by each gas in
a mixture of gases is independent of the pressure exerted by the other gases present in the mixture.
The formula for Dalton's law of partial pressure is:
P_total = P_1 + P_2 + P_3 + ... + P_n
where:
P_total is the total pressure of the gas mixture,
P_1, P_2, P_3, ..., P_n are the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture.
This formula shows that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures of
each individual gas in the mixture. Each individual gas contributes to the total pressure in proportion
to its concentration and partial pressure.
 EXAMPLE OF DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Suppose you have a mixture of gases

consisting of oxygen gas (O2) and nitrogen
gas (N2) in a container. The partial pressure of
the oxygen gas is 2 atm, and the partial
pressure of the nitrogen gas is 3 atm. What is
the total pressure of the gas mixture?
 EXAMPLE OF DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Using Dalton's law of partial pressure, we can calculate the total pressure
of the gas mixture as:
P_total = P_1 + P_2 + P_3 + ... + P_n
P_total = P_O2 + P_N2
P_total = 2 atm + 3 atm
P_total = 5 atm
Therefore, the total pressure of the gas mixture is 5 atm. This means that
the sum of the partial pressures of the oxygen and nitrogen gases in the
mixture is equal to the total pressure of the gas mixture.
 IDEAL GAS LAW
The Ideal Gas Law is a physical law
that describes the behavior of an
ideal gas, which is a hypothetical
gas made up of a large number of
small particles that have no volume
and no interactions with each other,
except for perfectly elastic
collisions. This law relates the
pressure, volume, temperature, and
number of particles of an ideal gas.
 IDEAL GAS LAW
The Ideal Gas Law is based on the following assumptions:
 The gas is composed of a large number of small particles that are in
constant random motion.
 The volume of the particles is negligible compared to the volume of the
container.
 There are no interactions between the particles, except for perfectly elastic
collisions.
 The temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of
the particles.
 IDEAL GAS LAW
The Ideal Gas Law can be expressed mathematically as:
PV = nRT
Where:
P is the pressure of the gas, measured in Pascals (Pa).
V is the volume of the gas, measured in cubic meters
(m³).
n is the number of particles of the gas, measured in
moles (mol).
R is the gas constant, which has a value of 8.31
J/(mol*K).
T is the temperature of the gas, measured in Kelvin (K).
 IDEAL GAS LAW
The Ideal Gas Law can be rearranged to
solve for any of the variables, depending on
which ones are known. For example, if the
pressure, volume, and temperature of an
ideal gas are known, the number of
particles can be calculated using the
equation:

n = PV/(RT)
Ideal Gas Law has several real-life applications,
including:
 The behavior of gases in combustion engines: The Ideal Gas Law is used to calculate the
pressure and volume of gases in combustion engines, which helps engineers design more
efficient and effective engines.
 The behavior of gases in weather: The Ideal Gas Law is used to predict the behavior of gases
in the atmosphere, which helps meteorologists forecast weather patterns and track storms.
 The behavior of gases in industry: The Ideal Gas Law is used to calculate the properties of
gases in industrial processes, such as the production of chemicals, the refining of petroleum,
and the production of steel.
 The behavior of gases in scuba diving: The Ideal Gas Law is used to calculate the effects of
pressure changes on the volume of gases in scuba diving tanks, which helps divers plan their
dives safely.
PROBLEM SOLVING:
IDEAL GAS LAW
PROBLEM 1
A 2.0 L container holds 0.050
moles of an ideal gas at 273 K.
What is the pressure of the gas
inside the container?
 SOLUTION
Given:
V = 2.0 L
n = 0.050 mol
T = 273 K
R = 0.08206 L•atm/(mol•K)
 SOLUTION
To solve this problem, we will use the ideal gas law
equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the
number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the
temperature in Kelvin.
 SOLUTION
Step 1: Convert the temperature from Celsius to
Kelvin

T = 273 K
 SOLUTION
Step 2: Substitute the given values into the ideal
gas law equation
PV = nRT
P(2.0 L) = (0.050 mol)(0.08206 L•atm/(mol•K))
(273 K)
 SOLUTION
Step 3: Solve for the pressure
P = (0.050 mol)(0.08206 L•atm/(mol•K))(273 K)/(2.0 L) =
0.987 atm

Therefore, the pressure of the gas inside the container is

0.987 atm.
PROBLEM 2
A cylinder containing 3.0 moles of
an ideal gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm
and a temperature of 27°C is heated
until the pressure doubles. What is
the final temperature of the gas?
 SOLUTION
To solve this problem, we will use the ideal gas law
equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the
number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the
temperature in Kelvin.
 SOLUTION
Step 1: Convert the initial temperature from Celsius
to Kelvin

T(initial) = 27°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K

 SOLUTION
Step 2: Calculate the initial volume of the gas
We don't have information about the volume of the cylinder or the
gas, but we can use the ideal gas law equation to find it:
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
V(initial) = (3.0 mol)(0.08206 L•atm/(mol•K))(300.15 K)/(2.0 atm) =
37.5 L
 SOLUTION
Step 3: Calculate the final pressure of the gas
The problem states that the pressure doubles, so the
final pressure will be:
P(final) = 2.0 atm × 2 = 4.0 atm
 SOLUTION
Step 4: Use the ideal gas law to find the final
temperature of the gas
PV = nRT
T(final) = PV/nR
T(final) = (4.0 atm)(37.5 L)/(3.0 mol)(0.08206
L•atm/(mol•K)) = 400 K
PROBLEM 3
A gas mixture contains 0.50 moles of
nitrogen gas, 0.30 moles of hydrogen gas,
and 0.20 moles of oxygen gas in a container
with a volume of 5.00 L at a temperature of
27°C. What is the total pressure of the gas
mixture in the container?
 SOLUTION
Given:
n₁ = 0.50 mol (nitrogen gas)
n₂ = 0.30 mol (hydrogen gas)
n₃ = 0.20 mol (oxygen gas)
V = 5.00 L
T = 27°C = 300 K
 SOLUTION
We need to find the total pressure (P) of the gas mixture
in the container.
Using the Ideal Gas Law, we can write:
PV = nRT
where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R
is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
 SOLUTION
Since we have a mixture of gases, we can use the
partial pressure of each gas to find the total pressure:
P = P₁ + P₂ + P₃
where P₁, P₂, and P₃ are the partial pressures of
nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and oxygen gas,
respectively.
 SOLUTION
The partial pressure of each gas can be calculated using
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures:

P₁ = n₁RT/V
P₂ = n₂RT/V
P₃ = n₃RT/V
 SOLUTION
Substituting the given values:

P₁ = (0.50 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(300 K)/(5.00 L) = 2.46 atm

P₂ = (0.30 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(300 K)/(5.00 L) = 1.48 atm
P₃ = (0.20 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(300 K)/(5.00 L) = 0.99 atm
 SOLUTION
Therefore, the total pressure of the gas mixture in the container is:

P = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ = 2.46 atm + 1.48 atm + 0.99 atm = 4.93 atm

So the total pressure of the gas mixture in the container is 4.93

atm.