Group Alpha Member: Aloveros, Jhoncj Buncad, Nestor James Cruz, Angelo C. Coyoca, Julius

NAV 2 225
GROUP ALPHA
Member:
ALOVEROS, JHONCJ
BUNCAD, NESTOR JAMES
CRUZ, ANGELO C.
COYOCA, JULIUS
Assigned Topic for Midterm
LO1.1: Describe the different kind of Navigational Charts and
its purpose.
Different kinds of
Navigational Charts
"Nautical Charts" most often refers to
navigation charts.. A nautical chart shows
depths, ridges, islands, shallows and similar
features. Unlike road maps, charts will contain
extensive detail about aids to navigation - the
various buoys, daymarks, lighthouses and
other permanent fixtures to help you find
your position and mark dangerous waters.
Navigation charts are available in paper and
electronic formats, something we'll explore in
more detail.
CRUZ, ANGELO C
Different kinds of
Navigational Charts
Pilot Charts are a valuable tool to pick
weather routes and time voyages.
Pilot Charts contain rough predictions of
prevailing conditions on the world's oceans
for every month of the year. They allow
planners to know the wind, current and
weather they might expect, but they predict
larger trends and historical probabilities
rather precise detailed forecasts.
CRUZ, ANGELO C
Different kinds of
Navigational Charts
Paper Charts
Older sailors learned to navigate with paper
charts, and they're still the go-to for backing
up electronic systems. Many still carry
them, because they will still work even if
you lose all the instruments and electronic
aids. On our boat we've found some paper
charts still give a better sense of the space
we're planning to sail since they are larger
than a computer screen and give you
perspective.
CRUZ, ANGELO C
Different kinds of Navigational
Scale Charts
Charts
All charts have baseline information that helps you
interpret what the chart covers. This includes keys
for depth, such as "soundings in feet" or "soundings
in meters." But the most critical thing to know about
any chart is its "Scale."
A chart's scale is expressed as a ratio, such as 1:2500
or 1:1,000,000. This refers to the ratio physical
distance on the chart to physical distance in the real
world. On a chart with a 1:25,000 scale, one inch on
the paper chart equals 25,000 inches in the real
world. One millimeter on the same chart represents
25,000 millimeters. It doesn't matter how you
measure, the ratio from chart to real world is the
same.
ALOVEROS, JHONCJ
Charts
Small scale chart- shows overall details such as light vessels,
light floats, laybys, territorial waters and land separating
adjoining countries, obstructions, shoals, reefs, buoys, and fog
signals. As the name suggests they represent a vast stretch of an
area on a small scale thus representing macroscopic features of
the same. For e.g. there are small-scale charts for the Pacific
ocean, the South China sea, the Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean
sea , etc. These charts are preferentially used as reference charts
for planning routes and plotting courses, and from there on
courses could be transferred to large-scale charts. They are best
suited to provide a general overview of the passage.
Error Range: The positional error range of objects you see on the
paper on the screen can run from 450 feet (150m) up to almost a
mile (1,500m) on the smallest scale charts.
Small Scale Charts
ALOVEROS, JHONCJ
Charts
Large scale charts are broader in terms of details
and provide a much extensive representation of
an area depicting the features, landmarks,
harbors, and coastlines along with other
important details. Differentiating fundamentally,
the scale or the ratio of area displayed to actual
area is considerably bigger than a small scale
chart.
Error Range: Scale error can range from about Large Scale Charts
25 feet up (7.5m) to 100 feet (30m) for the
100,000:1 charts.
ALOVEROS, JHONCJ
Charts Harbor Chart
Harbor and Approach Charts portray precise

navigational information for maneuvering to
berth and anchor, or while entering or exiting
port. They are designed to combine the
information of both charts for anchorage
maneuvering, channel keeping, and close-shore
approach navigation.
The Harbor and Approach Chart is printed on a
Mercator projection to maintain an accurate plot
of the ship's location and direction, and to
determine distance from ship to shore.

Charts
Electronic Charts- allow for easier navigation with
plotters on dedicated devices, phones, tablets and
computers. In many cases they must be purchased
and/or downloaded for specific devices, though many
vendors do not charge for U.S. NOAA charts since they
are available for free.
Electronic charts come in two styles - Raster and Vector.
They appear quite different but do provide the same
data. Which you prefer is up to you and what you're used
to, but neither is intrinsically better. In some parts of the
world, both formats may still not be available.

Charts
Raster Charts- look and behave exactly like paper charts
and are base on stored images of paper charts. Many
prefer the look of raster charts, as they are more
attractive and often easier to read, especially if you
learned navigation with paper charts.
Most electronic displays will perform quilting of Raster

charts. This technique allows charts with different
resolutions to move and overlap continuously to give a
smooth scrolling of charts as a boat moves through an
area or a user zooms in and out on the display.
COYOCA, JULIUS
Charts
Vector Chart- Instead of storing charts as images, Vector
charts store chart data in digital format in a database. The
chart plotter interprets this data to display a visual
representation of a chart. This is a newer chart format and
is gaining popularity.
The charts are stored as data and interpreted, the displayed
data can be heavily customized as the chart plot charter or
software permits.
Vector charts allow the display of different depth units
(feet, meters, etc.) and customize depth shading
preferences. You may filter and show fewer elements, for
example, suppressing the display of bottom type data to
reduce screen clutter while sailing.
COYOCA JULIUS
Charts
ECDIS formally stands for Electronic Chart
Display and Information System, offering
digital charts and navigational information so
that seafarers can plan their routes much
better and monitor where they are going.
Essentially, it is a computer-based navigation
system, using electronic charts and a variety of
sensors, radar and fathometers to offer a safer
alternative to paper maps.
COYOCA JULIUS
Reference: https://improvesailing.com/navigation/charts/types
https://www.google.com/search?q=raster+chart+picture&rlz=1CAVARX_enPH95
9PH959&sxsrf=APwXEdfnemtbK7Aid4usjvZFay4HIP0U9A:1680095246992&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIyorDmoH-AhUIs1YBHQ3UBsw
Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920&bih=1009&dpr=1#imgrc=O0IN_vre0xced
M
Reading of Scale Charts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PM1LVHjqJ4

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NAV 2 225

Small Scale Charts

Harbor and Approach Charts portray precise

BUNCAD, NESTOR JAMES

BUNCAD, NESTOR JAMES

Most electronic displays will perform quilting of Raster

Reading of Scale Charts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PM1LVHjqJ4

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