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    1. A string in C is an array of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared and initialized in different ways, including specifying a size and initializing with characters or a string. 2. Common functions for working with strings include strlen() to get length, strcpy() to copy one string to another, strcat() to concatenate strings, and strcmp() to compare two strings. 3. strcmp() returns 0 if strings are equal, negative if the first mismatching character is lower in the first string, and positive if it's higher in the first string.

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    1. A string in C is an array of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared and initialized in different ways, including specifying a size and initializing with characters or a string. 2. Common functions for working with strings include strlen() to get length, strcpy() to copy one string to another, strcat() to concatenate strings, and strcmp() to compare two strings. 3. strcmp() returns 0 if strings are equal, negative if the first mismatching character is lower in the first string, and positive if it's higher in the first string.

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    1. A string in C is an array of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared and initialized in different ways, including specifying a size and initializing with characters or a string. 2. Common functions for working with strings include strlen() to get length, strcpy() to copy one string to another, strcat() to concatenate strings, and strcmp() to compare two strings. 3. strcmp() returns 0 if strings are equal, negative if the first mismatching character is lower in the first string, and positive if it's higher in the first string.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views8 pages

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    ZEDX
    1. A string in C is an array of characters terminated by a null character. Strings can be declared and initialized in different ways, including specifying a size and initializing with characters or a string. 2. Common functions for working with strings include strlen() to get length, strcpy() to copy one string to another, strcat() to concatenate strings, and strcmp() to compare two strings. 3. strcmp() returns 0 if strings are equal, negative if the first mismatching character is lower in the first string, and positive if it's higher in the first string.

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    Character Array - String

    String is sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item and terminated
    by null character ‘\0’.Remember that C language does not support string as a data
    type. A string is actually one dimensional array of characters in C language.
    Declaring and Initializing string variables
    The general form of declaration of a string variable
    char stringname[size];
    The size determines the number of characters in the stringname.
    Example
    char name[20];
    char city[15];
    Character array may be initialized when they are declared. There are different ways
    to initialize a character array variable.
    char name[ ]=“Jisha John”;
    char name[10]={‘L’,’e’,’s’,’s’,’o’,’n’,’s’,’\0’};
    Read string from terminal
    1. scanf() function to read a string
    The scanf() function reads a sequence of characters until it encounters a
    white space.
    Example
    char name[20];
    scanf(“%s”,name);
    printf(“ Name : %s”,name);
    2. gets() function to read a line of string and puts() function to display string.
    Example
    char name[20];
    gets(name);
    printf(“ Name : );
    puts(name);
    String handling functions
    1. strlen()
    strlen() function is used to find length of string. Length of string
    means number of characters in the string.
    Syntax
    length = strlen(string);
    Example
    int len;
    char array[20] = “MG University”;
    len = strlen(array);

    In this example, len = 13


    2. strcpy()
    strcpy() function is used to copy one string into another string. strcpy()
    function accepts two strings (source and destination) as arguments and
    copy source string into destination string. It does not return any value.
    Syntax
    strcpy(Destinationstring, Sourcestring);
    Example
    char source[] = “ C Programming”;
    char target[20];
    strcpy(target,source);

    In this example, target is C Programming


    3. strcat()
    strcat() function is used to append (join) one string at the end of another
    string.
    strcat() function accepts two strings (string1, string2) as arguments and
    append string2 at the end of string1 and result is stored in string1. It does not
    return any value.
    Syntax
    strcat(string1,string2);
    Example
    char source[]= “ Kottayam”;
    char target[] = “MG University”
    strcat(target, source);

    In this example, source is Kottayam


    target is MG University Kottayam
    strcmp()
    The strcmp() compares two strings character by character. If the first character of two
    strings are equal, next character of two strings are compared. This continues until the
    corresponding characters of two strings are different or a null character ‘\0’ is reached.
    Syntax
    int strcmp(str1,str2);
    str1 - first string
    str2 - second string
    Return value from strcmp()
    0 - if both strings are equal (identical)
    Negative - if the ASCII value of first unmatched character is less than
    second
    Positive integer - if the ASCII value of first unmatched character is greater
    than second
    If you want to use string functions, the header file string.h should be included.
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char str1[15], str2[15];
    int m;
    clrscr();
    printf("Enter first string ");
    scanf("%s”,str1);
    printf(“\nEnter second string ");
    scanf("%s”,str2);
    m = strcmp(str1,str2);
    if ( m < 0 )
    {
    printf(“str1 is less than str2”);
    }
    else if ( m > 0 )
    {
    printf(“str1 is greater than str2”);
    }
    else
    {
    printf(“str1 is equal to str2”);
    }
    getch();
    }
    Output
    Enter first string Good
    Enter second string Good
    str1 is equal to str2

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