RESEARCHPPT

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY PRISONERS AT LAPU-LAPU CITY JAIL MALE DORMITORY
MAHALAIL, ANGELO YASH LOUIE L.

NAVALES, FRANCE JAY NILDY
ARMADA, JOHN MICHAEL
ROMO, JENIFFER
SABALANDE, RIA RIVA
DELA PENA, KIEN DEXTER
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Prison is a place where people who have been taken into custody by the
government or have had their freedom taken away after being found guilty
of a crime are kept. A felony or misdemeanor conviction could result in a
prison sentence being imposed on the offender. These prisoners may have
problems they encountered inside of the jail. The concern about inmates'
capacity to cope with life in jail or prison are still present. The brutal truth
of Prison can negatively affect inmates, affecting their ability to adapt. to
their brand-new setting. The process of adjusting to jail life might be
impacted by a multitude of problems.
This study, The research will focus on the
challenges faced by prisoners in the Lapu-Lapu City
Jail Male Dormitory and will cover a range of issues,
including mental health and violence. The aim of the
research is to provide a better understanding of the
challenges faced by prisoners and to identify ways to
improve the prison system and support the
rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners
Theoretical Background
• The Social Learning Theory of Bandura (1977)

suggests that behavior is learned through observation,
imitation, and reinforcement. According to this theory,
individuals learn from their environment and the
behavior of others, including their parents, peers, and
role models.
The Strain Theory of Merton (1938) proposes that individuals who are
unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means may resort to
deviant behavior, such as crime.
The Labeling Theory of Lemert (1951) argues that deviant behavior is a

result of societal reactions to individuals who engage in such behavior.
The Social Learning Theory, Strain Theory, and Labeling Theory provide a
theoretical foundation for understanding the behavior and experiences of
prisoners in Cebu City. The literature and related studies highlight several
key issues faced by prisoners, including overcrowding, health concerns,
violence and abuse, inadequate facilities, and lack of rehabilitation
programs. These issues are closely interconnected and require
comprehensive and multifaceted solutions.
Related Literature
Local Related Literature
• The Cebu City Jail is among the country’s penal facilities facing problems
related to congestion. Designed to only accommodate 1,900 prisoners, it now
houses over 6,000 detainees.
• The Cebu jail outbreak is one of the biggest coronavirus outbreaks ever
recorded in the Philippines, where as of Wednesday(April 20, 2022), there were
6,710 infections and 446 fatalities. The facility had the highest rate of Corona
virus infections among inmates and employees of any prison in the Philippines.
As of Friday, April 24, 2022, there were at least 210 infections at this location.
National Related Literature
Congested conditions exist at 337, or 71%, of the Bureau of Prison

Management and Penology's 474 detention facilities countrywide, according to
the 2021 Consolidated Annual Audit Report on the Bureau. The ratio of inmates
to the optimal jail space, or occupancy rates, ranges from 101 to 2,796 percent.
According to these worrying statistics, overcrowding is the biggest issue jails in
various areas of the Philippines are dealing with.
With a congestion rate ranging from 23 to 2,696 percent, Region IV-A
contains 61 overcrowded jails, with the San Mateo Municipal Jail - Male
Dormitory being the most crowded. With 27,507 prisoners compared to a jail's
7,547 capacity, the National Capital Region has the greatest prison population.
The number of inmates nationwide increased by 8.68 percent from 115,336 in
2020 to 125,247 in 2021.
International Related Literature
Correctional wardens are responsible for ensuring that their prison is safe for both personnel
and inmates. This entails defining training requirements for correctional officers and other
personnel. Prison wardens must be prepared to lead a diverse group as the breadth of their duties
expands. According to Mufarreh, Waitkus, & Booker (2021), with the increasing number of
offenders populating the criminal justice system and the imposed responsibilities placed on
correctional and community supervision agencies, effectively identifying and training leaders for
success is now more critical than ever (Mufarreh, Waitkus, & Booker, 2021).
Atkin-Plunk & Armstrong (2013) provide that prison wardens' administrative and
correctional obligations are extensive.In addition to carrying out the goal of the prison wardens of
the state, federal or corporate entities also oversee the order, security, and prevention of escapes
and riots in a facility. The priorities of a warden may include administering security and security
activities, managing human resources, handling critical events, managing the budget, promoting
an excellent organizational climate, presiding over a physical facility, administering public
relations, retaining professional expertise, implementing strategic planning, and supervising other
duties.
Statement of the Problem
• The main problem of this research is to identify the problems encountered by prisoners
during their confinement in the prison system. Specifically, this research aims to answer
the following questions:
• 1.What is the demographic profile of the inmates in terms of;
• 1.1Age
• 1.2Gender
• 1.3Race/ethnicity
• 1.4Length of your Sentence
2.What are the most common problems encountered by
prisoners during their confinement?
3.How do these problems affect prisoners' mental health and
well-being?
4.What are the effects of this problems to the prisoners?
5.What strategies do prisoners use to cope with these
problems?
6.What are the barriers that prisoners face in accessing
support and resources to address these problems?
Methodology
• This Chapter lay outs the research design and methodology that
is used in the study. It describes the data collection and analysis
techniques. The researcher explains how the necessary data and
information to address the research objectives and questions
was collected, presented and analyzed. The researcher design,
research flow, research environment, research respondents,
research instruments, research procedure, were discussed and
analyzed in this section.
Research Design
• Research design refers to the

blueprint that guides the researcher
in carrying out the study.
Research Environment
• The Study was conducted in Visayas, Philippines area in Lapu-lapu City,
Cebu. The respondents were provided with survey research where in the
method which the data is collected from the target inmates in Lapu -lapu
City Jail Male Dormitory at ,Jail Access Rd, Maribago,Lapu-Lapu
City,Cebu
Research
Subjects/Respondents/Informants/Participants
• The total population for this study is the prisoners in the Lapu-Lapu City
Jail Mail Dormitory. The sampling technique that will be used is
purposive sampling, where participants will be chosen based on specific
criteria, such as their status as a prisoner in a detention facility in Lapu-
Lapu City.
The participants for this study will be prisoners
who are currently incarcerated in the Lapu-
Lapu City. The participants will be selected
based on the following criteria:
1.Must be incarcerated less than 1 year
2.Must be at least 18-30 years old
3.Must voluntarily agree to participate in the
study
Research Instrument
• The research instrument for this

study will be a survey questionnaire
that will be administered to the
participants.
Research Procedures
The research procedures for the gathering of data will be as follows:
1. Approval of the study by the institution.
2. Identification of the population and sampling technique.
3.Preparation and administration of the survey questionnaire.
4. Data collection.
5. Data analysis
6. Presentation and interpretation of findings.
7. Conclusion and recommendation
Gathering of Data/ Data Collection
• In quantitative research, the treatment of

data involves statistical analysis, which
includes calculating descriptive statistics
such as mean, median, mode, and
standard deviation.
Ethical Considerations
• In the conduct of this study, several

ethical considerations were observed to
ensure that the rights and welfare of the
participants were protected.
Trustworthiness of the Research
• To ensure the credibility and reliability of the data and procedure used
in this study, several measures were taken.
• Firstly, a thorough review of related literature was conducted to ensure
that the research design and data gathering methods were grounded in
existing knowledge and best practices.
• Secondly, the research instruments were carefully designed and
validated through a pilot study to ensure their clarity, relevance, and
appropriateness in measuring the variables of interest.
Thirdly, the data gathering process was closely monitored
and supervised to ensure that the research procedures
were followed accurately and consistently.
Fourthly, the data analysis process was conducted with

the use of appropriate statistical tools and software, which
ensured the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Lastly, to further ensure the trustworthiness of the

research, the study was subjected to peer review and
evaluation by experts in the field.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Prisoners - individuals who are confined in a correctional facility as a
result of a criminal conviction or while awaiting trial.
• Problems - a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and
needing to be dealt with and overcome.
• Rehabilitation - the process of helping a person who has committed a
crime to return to a law-abiding life through counseling, education, and
training.
Mental health - a person's condition with regard
to their psychological and emotional well-being.
Overcrowding - a situation in which there are too

many people or things in a particular space or
area.
Justice - the quality of being fair and reasonable

in the treatment of others.

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PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY PRISONERS AT LAPU-LAPU CITY JAIL MALE DORMITORY

MAHALAIL, ANGELO YASH LOUIE L.

• The Social Learning Theory of Bandura (1977)

The Labeling Theory of Lemert (1951) argues that deviant behavior is a

Congested conditions exist at 337, or 71%, of the Bureau of Prison

• Research design refers to the

• The research instrument for this

• In quantitative research, the treatment of

• In the conduct of this study, several

Fourthly, the data analysis process was conducted with

Lastly, to further ensure the trustworthiness of the

Overcrowding - a situation in which there are too

Justice - the quality of being fair and reasonable

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