Arrays

Why variables are not

enough?
▪ The primary purpose of a computer system is to process data. The data can
be of any type.
▪ If a computer program needs to process one piece of data, then that data can
be stored in a variable and the resultant data can be stored in another
variable. In this case, a couple of variables are sufficient to write a program.
▪ But real-life programs need to handle tens of thousands of pieces of data. To
handle large amounts of data, it is impossible to store each piece of data in a
separate variable.
 3

Data structure
▪ Because variables cannot be used for real-life programming, data is
grouped together or, more precisely, structured in a specific format. 
▪ The collection of data structured together is called a data structure.
▪ The different data structures in python are:
▪ Lists 
▪ Arrays
▪ Tuples 
 4

Arrays
▪ An array is a data structure used to store a set of data elements in a certain
order.
Note: Array can be created in Python but it is less flexible as it is a
homogeneous collection of element which means an array may consist of
elements of only same data types
▪ Arrays can also be created using lists as it is a heterogeneous collection of
elements, which means a list may consist of elements of different data types. For
example,
myList = [‘six’, 7, 8, ‘nine’, ‘ten’]
▪ Similarly, a one-dimensional array is created by:
array1d=[10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
 6

Lists
▪ A list is an ordered, sequential collection of zero or more elements.
▪ A list is a heterogeneous collection of elements, which means a list may
consist of elements of different data types.
▪ Lists are defined using elements in square brackets. For example,
myList=[1, 2, 3, 'four', 5]
 7

Introduction
▪ A data structure is a logical model of a particular organisation of data. 
▪ An array is an ordered collection of elements of a similar data type. Two
types of arrays : one-dimensional array and two-dimensional array. 
▪ Lists: A list is an ordered, sequential collection of zero or more elements.
A list is a heterogeneous collection of elements, which means a list may
consist of elements of different data types.
▪ Tuples: Tuples are similar to lists, but tuples cannot be changed. It is like a
constant list.
Note: So we will be learning only list in Python for arrays concept.
Pseudocode for arrays will be later in Grade 9.
 8

Lists
▪ Lists are defined using elements in square brackets. For example,
myList=[1, 2, 3, 'four', 5]
 9

Lists
▪ For example,
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "watermelon", "kiwi", "grapes", "papaya"]
score = ["invalid", 10, 18, 20, 12, 15, "invalid", 19]
▪ A list can hold elements of different data types. Similar to arrays,
each element in a list is associated with a unique index. 
 10

fruits

Lists List name

Data elements
Index
apple 0
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "watermelon",
"kiwi", "grapes", "papaya"] banana 1

watermelon 2

kiwi 3

grapes 4

papaya 5
 11

List
▪ list1 is an empty list.
▪ None is a special value in Python
that holds a place when it has
nothing to say. In conditional
statements, it produces a False.
▪ list3 is a list with 10 elements.
 12

Combining two lists

• Two lists can be combined using the + operator.
 13

len() function
• The len() function returns the number of elements in a list.
• For example, finding the number of elements in the list fruits,
 14

Example Program country tempList

▪ A list named country stores the country names.

▪ country=["Albania", "Algeria", "USA", "Andorra"] Albania 38

▪ For each country, the user is asked to enter the Algeria 44

temperature value. Temperature values are stored
in a separate list named the tempList. Afghanistan 38
▪ The elements are entered into the tempList using
the append() method within a for loop. Andorra 36
 15

Example
country tempList country=["Albania", "Algeria", "Afghanistan", "Andorra"]
tempList=[]
numOfValues=len(country)
Albania 38 for element in range(numOfValues):
print("Enter the temperature for", country[element],":“, end=" ")
Algeria 44 temp=int(input())
tempList.append(temp)
Afghanistan 38

Andorra 36
 16

Output country=["Albania", "Algeria", "Afghanistan", "Andorra"]

tempList=[]
numOfValues=len(country)
country tempList
for element in range(numOfValues):  
print("Enter the temperature for", country[element],":", end=" ")  
temp=int(input())  
Albania 38 tempList.append(temp)

Algeria 44

Afghanistan 38

Andorra 36
 17

Printing elements
▪ This program prints the country name along with its
temperature value.

for element in range(numOfValues):

print(country[element], "\t" , tempList[element])
Python program with list functions
Note: Try max() and min() list functions
Output:
Task 1:
• create a list of names by assignment method
• print each element from a list in different lines. 
Task 2:
• create an empty list 
•  add integer elements to the list using for loop and append function 
• find the sum of the elements and print it with a proper message
Practical class Activity:
Write a program to accept a list of 3 enrolment numbers in the form of ENRNO-12345
and check each of the enrolment number in the list is valid or not.
The enrolment number is valid only when it satisfies the following conditions:
i. Must have 11 characters including the hyphen
ii. First field must be 'ENRNO' and only with letters(use is isalpha() string function)
iii. Second field must be 5 digit numbers and only with numbers 0-9(use isdigit()
string function)
Check and display each enrolment number from the list with a message 'Valid' if the
number is valid otherwise a message as "Invalid" if it is invalid.

Program: