Potential Hydrometeorogical Hazards

POTENTIAL
HYDROMETEOROGICA
L HAZARDS
Potential hydrometeorological hazards refer to weather and
climate-related events that can pose a threat to human life and
property. These hazards can include floods, landslides, droughts,
extreme heat or cold, hurricanes, typhoons, thunderstorms, and
tornadoes. These hazards are often caused by the interaction of
atmospheric moisture, temperature, and pressure, and can be
influenced by climate change and human activities. It is important
to be aware of potential hydrometeorological hazards and take
TYPHOON
A typhoon is type of tropical cyclone, a rotating
system of strong winds, typically forming in the
western Pacific Ocean. It is similar to a hurricane or
cyclone, but the term “typhoon” is specifically used
in the northwest Pacific region. Typhoons can cause
heavy rain, flooding, and strong winds that can
LOW PRESSURE AREA
(LPA)
A low pressure area, also know as cyclone or a depression,
is a region in the atmosphere where the air pressure is lower
than its surrounding areas. This result in the air moving from
surrounding higher pressure areas towards the lower
pressure area, causing winds to circulate around the low
pressure center. Low pressure areas are typically associated
PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
(PAR)
The PAR refers to the designated geographic region
that the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
monitors and issues weather forecasts, warning, and
advisories for. It encompasses the land, water, and
airspace within the boundaries of the Philippine
THUNDERSTO
RMS
Thunderstorms are a type of weather phenomenon characterized
by lightning, thunder, and heavy rainfall. They are caused by the
rapid upward movement of warm, moist air, which can lead to
the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. Thunderstroms can
occur in a variety of settings, from isolated and scattered events
to more widespread outbreaks known as squall lines. They can
be accompanied by gusty winds, hail, and tornadoes, and can
TYPES OF
THUNDERSTORM
FLASHFLOOD
A flashflood is a sudden and rapid onset of flooding in a
low-lying area, typically caused by heavy rainfall or a
sudden release of water. Flash floods can occur in any
region, but are most common areas with steep terrain, dry
stream beds, or areas that have recently experienced
wildfires. They can be extremely dangerous, as they can
occur with the little to no warning and can quickly become
STORMSUR
GE surge is a temporary and abnormal rise in sea level that can
Storm
occur during a severe weather event, such as a hurricane, typhoon,
or tropical cyclone. It is caused by a combination of factors,
including the low pressure and strong winds associated with the
storm, which can push large amounts of water towards the shore.
Storm surges can cause extensive flooding in coastal areas, with
potentially catastrophic impacts on infrastructure, property, and
El NIÑO
El Niño is a weather phenomenon characterized by unusually warm surface
water temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It
occurs every few years and is part of a larger climate pattern known as the
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During an El Niño event, the typical
trade winds in the region weaken, which can cause changes in atmospheric
circulation and weather patterns around the globe. El Niño can lead to
droughts in some regions, flooding in others, and changes in ocean
temperatures and currents. Its impacts can be felt for months to years and
La NiÑa
La Niña is a weather phenomenon characterized by unusually cold surface
water temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It is
part of the larger climate pattern known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), and occurs when there is a strengthening of the typical trade winds
in the region. La Niña can lead to changes in atmospheric circulation and
weather patterns around the globe, causing cooler and wetter conditions in
some regions and drier conditions in others. Its impacts can be felt for
months to years and can have significant economic and social
Storm
◦ A storm is a meteorological phenomenon
characterized by strong winds, heavy precipitation,
lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail or tornadoes.
Supercell
◦ A supercell is a type of thunderstorm characterized
by a persistent, rotating updraft called a
mesocyclone. Supercells are often associated with
severe weather, including large hail, damaging
winds, intense rainfall, and tornadoes.
Squall line
◦ A squall line is a long, narrow band of
thunderstorms that often forms along or ahead of a
cold front. Squall lines can produce strong winds,
heavy rain, and occasionally tornadoes.
Downburst
◦ A downburst is a strong downdraft that can produce
damaging winds on or near the ground. Downbursts
can be caused by thunderstorms or other convective
systems, and they can be dangerous for aircraft
during takeoff and landing.
Derecho
◦ A derecho is a widespread, long-lived windstorm
associated with a fast-moving line of thunderstorms.
Derechos can produce hurricane-force winds, heavy
rain, and sometimes tornadoes.
Outflow boundary
◦ An outflow boundary is a boundary between cold,
sinking air and warm, rising air that forms at the
edge of a thunderstorm. Outflow boundaries can
trigger new thunderstorms or intensify existing ones.
Mesocyclone
◦ A mesocyclone is a rotating, cyclonic circulation
within a thunderstorm that can sometimes lead to the
formation of a tornado.
Thundersnow
◦ Thundersnow is a rare meteorological phenomenon
in which thunder and lightning occur during a
snowstorm. Thundersnow is caused by the same
processes that produce thunderstorms, but the
precipitation falls as snow instead of rain.

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