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    Bearing and Its Types

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    Aman Bhatti
    The document discusses key concepts related to true north, magnetic north, and bearings. It defines true meridian as the line passing through the geographic north and south poles, and magnetic meridian as the line indicated by a balanced magnetic needle. Magnetic declination is the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which varies by location and over time. Bearings can be measured as whole circle, quadrantal, reduced, or fore and back variants to describe the direction of lines relative to the meridians.

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    Bearing and Its Types

    Uploaded by

    Aman Bhatti
    19 views27 pages
    The document discusses key concepts related to true north, magnetic north, and bearings. It defines true meridian as the line passing through the geographic north and south poles, and magnetic meridian as the line indicated by a balanced magnetic needle. Magnetic declination is the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which varies by location and over time. Bearings can be measured as whole circle, quadrantal, reduced, or fore and back variants to describe the direction of lines relative to the meridians.

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    Bearing and its types

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    The document discusses key concepts related to true north, magnetic north, and bearings. It defines true meridian as the line passing through the geographic north and south poles, and magnetic meridian as the line indicated by a balanced magnetic needle. Magnetic declination is the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which varies by location and over time. Bearings can be measured as whole circle, quadrantal, reduced, or fore and back variants to describe the direction of lines relative to the meridians.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views27 pages

    Bearing and Its Types

    Uploaded by

    Aman Bhatti
    The document discusses key concepts related to true north, magnetic north, and bearings. It defines true meridian as the line passing through the geographic north and south poles, and magnetic meridian as the line indicated by a balanced magnetic needle. Magnetic declination is the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which varies by location and over time. Bearings can be measured as whole circle, quadrantal, reduced, or fore and back variants to describe the direction of lines relative to the meridians.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 27

    • The Earth’s North and South poles act like a

    huge magnet. One pole is positive and one


    pole is negative.
    • Because magnetic and true North are not the
    same, corrections are made in surveying to
    compensate for this difference. The difference
    is referred to as magnetic declination.
    • True meridian: Line or plane passing
    through geographical north pole North
    and geographical south pole pole

    • Magnetic meridian: When the True meridian

    magnetic needle is suspended freely True bearing

    and balanced properly, unaffected Magnetic bearing


    by magnetic substances, it indicates
    Magnetic meridian
    a direction. This direction is known
    as magnetic meridian. The angle
    between the magnetic meridian and
    a line is known as magnetic bearing
    or simple bearing of the line.
    • Arbitrary meridian: Convenient direction is assumed as a
    meridian.

    • Grid meridian: Sometimes for preparing a map some state


    agencies assume several lines parallel to the true meridian for
    a particular zone these lines are termed as grid meridian.

    • Designation of magnetic bearing


    – Whole circle bearing (WCB)
    – Quadrantal bearing (QB)

    • WCB: The magnetic bearing of a line measured clockwise from


    the North Pole towards the line is known as WCB. Varies 0-360°
    • Quadrantal Bearing: The magnetic bearing of a line measured
    clockwise or anticlockwise from NP or SP (whichever is nearer to the
    line) towards the east or west is known as QB. This system consists
    of 4-quadrants NE, SE, NW, SW. The values lie between 0-90°

    • Reduced Bearing: When the whole circle bearing of a line is


    converted to quadrantal bearing it is termed as reduced bearing.
    • Fore and Back Bearing:

    – In WCB the difference between FB and BB should be exactly 180°


    – BB=FB+/-180°
    – Use the +ve sign when FB<180°
    – Use the –ve sign when FB> 180°
    • Magnetic declination: The horizontal angle
    between the magnetic meridian and true
    meridian is known as magnetic declination.

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