Diabetesmellitus
Diabetesmellitus
Diabetesmellitus
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Clinical Manifestations ( Signs and Symptoms)
- Polyuria - weakness
- Polydipsia - fatigue
- Polyphagia - 🡱 blood sugar / glucose level
- weight loss - (+) glucose in urine (glycosuria)
- nausea / vomiting
- changes in LOC (severe hyperglycemia)
(sleepiness, drowsiness coma)
- recurrent infection, prolonged wound healing
- altered immune and inflammatory response, prone to
infection (glucose inhibits the phagocytic action of WBC
🡲
🢛resistance)
- genital pruritus – (hyperglycemia and glycosuria favor fungal
growth : candidal infection – resulting in pruritus, common
presenting symptom in women)
Diagnostics
DIAGNOSE TEST FOR
DIABETES
MELLITUS
● Tests for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
A blood sugar level less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is normal. A reading of more than 200
mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after two hours indicates diabetes. A reading between 140 and 199 mg/dL
(7.8 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L) indicates prediabetes.
TESTS FOR GESTATIONAL
DIABETES MELLITUS
Your doctor will likely evaluate your risk factors for gestational diabetes early in your
pregnancy:
● Initial glucose challenge test :- You'll begin the glucose challenge test by drinking a
syrupy glucose solution. One hour later, you'll have a blood test to measure your blood sugar level.
A blood sugar level below 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is usually considered normal on a glucose
challenge test, although this may vary at specific clinics or labs.
If your blood sugar level is higher than normal, it only means you have a higher risk of
gestational diabetes.
● Follow-up glucose tolerance testing:- For the follow-up test, you'll be asked to fast
overnight and then have your fasting blood sugar level measured. Then you'll drink another sweet
solution — this one containing a higher concentration of glucose — and your blood sugar level will
be checked every hour for a period of three hours.
If at least two of the blood sugar readings are higher than the normal values established for each
of the three hours of the test, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
Diagnostic Criteria
• Classic signs of
HYPERGLYSEMIA with
CPG ≥200mg/dL
• OGTT ≥200mg/dL
• FPG ≥126mg/dL
• A1C ≥ 6.5%
Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus
A.Dietary Management