Lesson 2 Practical Research

Lesson:
Qualitative versus Quantitative

Research
Situation:
-Inside the classroom, the teacher made a
remark, “ you got 75 passing mark!” The
teacher also commented that “your classmate
seems uninterested to study the lessons.”
Quantitative observations are usually characterized by a
numerical measure such as the passing mark of 75.
Qualitative observation describes a certain phenomenon or

event and can be observed through the senses. Usually,
qualitative data are in words such as the statement made by the
teacher that the student seems uninterested to study the lessons
Quantitative techniques (from the root word quantity) collect data in the form
of numbers. Some examples of quatitative data are the height, weight, and age
of a person; the daily, monthly, or annual income of an employee; and your
grades in your academic subjects.
Qualitative techniques (from the root word quality) collect data in the forms
of words or statements.
 Researches that use the quantitative teaching uses are broadly classified as
quantitative researches while researches that use the qualitative techniques
are classified as qualitative researches
Characteristics of qualitative and quantitative researches
QUALITATIVE Quantitative
Subjective Objective
Research questions answer what Research questions answer how
and why many or strength of relationship
or difference
Literature review may be done Literature review is usually
as the study progress done before the study
Develops theory Tests theory
Interpretive Measurable
Characteristics of qualitative and quantitative researches
QUALITATIVE Quantitative
Reports rich narrative, individual Reports statistical analysis

interpretation. Basic element of analysis is
Basic element of analysis is words/ numbers
ideas
Reasoning is dialectic and inductive Reasoning is logistic and

deductive
Describes meaning discovery Establishes relationships and

causation
Quantitative and Qualitative Methodologies
Quantitative Qualitative
Preference for precisely Preference for narrative/literary
describing procedure descriptions of procedures
Data reduced to numerical scores Preference for narrative descriptions
Preference for random sampling Preference for expert informant

for obtaining meaningful samples
samples
Quantitative and Qualitative Methodologies
Quantitative Qualitative
Preference for statistical Preference for narrative

summary of results summary of results
Willingness to manipulate Unwillingness to tamper with

aspects, situations or naturally occurring
conditions phenomena
Below are some examples of qualitative research topics:
1. Students’ imagery of chemistry

2. Gender and cultural gaps in the classrooms.
3. Science of the Mangyan Tribe.
Below are some examples of quantitative research topics:
1. Predictors of Science Performance

2.Growth performance of organic fertilizer
3.Population rate in Metro Manila in the next 20 years
1. Testing the relationship between the scores on an intelligence test and
scores on a personality test
2. Observing whether drivers conform to road rules by counting the
number of drivers who disobey a stop sign at an intersection
3. Studying the behaviour of newborn infants by observing and recording
their second-by-second movements during their first 72 hours of life
following birth
4. Observing the effects of using a treat as a reward to teach a dog to sit on
command
5. Observing the social interactions of pre-school children in a playgroup
using pre-determined items on an observation checklist
1. Conducting an experiment to investigate whether having regular rest breaks
during a prolonged study session improves performance on a test.
2. Investigating the effects of observing violence by analysing and interpreting
children's drawings after they have watched violent cartoons on televison.
3. Investigating ways of which females are portrayed in the print media by
analysing newspaper and magazines advertisements
4. Organising a small number of participants into a discussion group to study
the experience of sexual discrimination in the workplace.
5. Using a written questionnaire with closed-ended questions (eg. Yes/No) to
survey a large number of bushfire victims who may be experiencing post-
traumatic stress disorder
ACTIVITY: Data Choices and Sources
Objective:
1.Determine the kind of data that can be used for qualitative
and quantitative research
2.Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research.
ACTIVITY: Data Choices and Sources
Directions:
1. For each of the topics below, determine the appropriate type of
research by writing on the right column whether the topics are
quantitative or qualitative in nature.
2. On the second column, determine the data needed for the topic.
3. On the third column, identify the possible sources of data to be
used.
GROUP ACTIVITY: Data Choices and Sources
TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

QUANTITATIV
E
1. Effects of
single-parent
families on
children’s
education

QUANTITATIV
E
2. Satisfaction
Rate of Senior
Citizens on
Philhealth Claims

QUANTITATIV
E
3. Prevalence of
showbiz
fanaticism among
teenagers

QUANTITATIV
E
4. Impacts of
Metro Manila
traffic on
commuters

QUANTITATIV
E
5. Frequency of
driving under the
influence of
alcohol in the
Philippines.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: TYPE OF RESEARCH
DIRECTION: Write a one-sentence description of

the pictures below in quantitative and qualitative
ways. Be creative in your descriptions.
OBJECT QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
1. Cup of coffee
2. Mobile Phone
3. Painting
OBJECT QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
4. Food
5. Ethnic Group
ASSIGNMENT: Online search
1. Search for the following online:

a. 2 researches in the Natural Sciences
b. 2 researches in the Social Sciences
c. 2 researches in the Arts
2. Identify whether the 2 researches for each discipline are
qualitative or quantitative.
ASSIGNMENT: Online search
3. Gather the following information from each of the two researches.

a. Title of the research
b. The proponents (authors or researchers)
c. date of publication
d. Place of Publication
e. Name of Publisher

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Lesson:

Qualitative versus Quantitative

Qualitative observation describes a certain phenomenon or

Reports rich narrative, individual Reports statistical analysis

Reasoning is dialectic and inductive Reasoning is logistic and

Describes meaning discovery Establishes relationships and

Data reduced to numerical scores Preference for narrative descriptions

Preference for random sampling Preference for expert informant

Preference for statistical Preference for narrative

Willingness to manipulate Unwillingness to tamper with

1. Students’ imagery of chemistry

Below are some examples of quantitative research topics:

1. Predictors of Science Performance

TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

TOPIC QUALITATIVE/ DATA NEEDED SOURCES

DIRECTION: Write a one-sentence description of

OBJECT QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

OBJECT QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

1. Search for the following online:

3. Gather the following information from each of the two researches.

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