University of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering _Galo

Department of Engineering

Report Title

Electronic circuits

Prepared by

Ali AbdulRahman Ali (1578)

Saleh Senussi Bouzid (1562)
Aiman saleh etiby (1688)
Mohammed Nasser Mohammed (1654)

2023
Clipping circuits
HOW IT WORKS AND WHAT ARE IT USES
Introduction

 What Clipper Circuits ?

 What effect the Clipper Circuits ?
 Shunt ( parallel ) clipper circuits
 Series clipper circuits
 Clipping at a single level
 clipper circuits with bias
 Clipping of Both Half Circuit
What Clipper Circuits ?

Clipper circuits are the circuits that clip off or removes a portion of an input signal,
without causing any distortion to the remaining part of the waveform.
Clippers are basically wave shaping circuits that control the shape of an output
waveform.
Clipper circuits are protection devices. As electronic devices are voltage sensitive
and voltage of large amplitude can permanently destroy the device.
So, in order to protect the device clipper circuits are used.
 What effect the value of the output voltage in clipper circuit

When using ideal diodes :

variable that effect the output voltage is if the diode in forward biased or in reverse biased mod and
whether it is connected in Series or in parallel with the circuit .
When using regular diodes :
It have voltage drop or voltage drop and a resistance based on the diode characteristics both of them
effect the output voltage a long side the variable of the diode being in forward bias or in reverse bias
mod whether it is connected in Series or in parallel with the circuit .

Note :
The existence of another voltage source or resistance or both effect the output voltage
The difference between Series and parallel clipper circuits

Series parallel
 the diode in reverse biased it acts as an open  the diode in reverse biased it acts as an short
switch and all the applied input voltage drops circuit causing no voltage drop at the diode
across the diode. Resulting in no output thus the output voltage equal the input voltage
voltage  the diode is in the forward biased state it acts
 the diode is in the forward biased state it acts as a open switch and all the applied input
as a short circuit causing no voltage drop at voltage drops across the diode. Resulting in
the diode thus the output voltage equal the no output voltage
input voltage .  If the diode have voltage drop it will be add to
 If the diode have voltage drop it will be minus the output voltage in the part that have been
the output voltage in the part that haven’t been cut
cut
Clipping at a single level

positive Clipper circuit Negative Clipping Circuit

 The positive half of the input waveform is cut  The Negative half of the input waveform is
off by the diode being in reverse biased mod cut off by the diode being in forward biased
in the Series Clipper circuit mod in the Series Clipper circuit
 or by the diode being in forward biased mod  or by the diode being in reverse biased mod in
in parallel Clipper circuit parallel Clipper circuit
The circuit and input voltage and output voltage Using ideal
diode :
clipper circuits with bias

 Whenever there is a need to clip or remove a certain portion of input waveform we use
bias :
 by connecting a battery with the parallel part of the clipper circuit we made another
variable of the bias being Positive or Negative that effect the output voltage of the circuit
with the diode being in Series or parallel in Circuit and if the diode is in reverse biased or
forward biased mod
 The bias works by madding a condition where the diode will be in reverse biased and
forward biased to two voltages by using the battery voltage and the input voltage and
madden the diode change it mod between the two by the change in the input voltage
being higher or lower of value battery voltage
 so there will be a condition where both the voltages being in reverse biased or forward
biased and one where one of them is in forward biased and the other in reverse biased
and vase versa
Series bias clipper circuits :
parallel bias clipper circuits :
Clipping at two level

Whenever there is a need to remove a certain portion of both positive and negative half of the
signal, then dual clipper circuits are used.
It is only possible in parallel clipper circuits
It used two biases opposite to etch other and two diodes with different mods
To cut two sides of the wave
conclusion

Using different ways of contacting the clipper circuits gives different

result .
That proves to us how it can be used in all types of devises to work as
protector to the devises of the changes in the input voltage .
References

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&v
ed=2ahUKEwiLl9fz-cL_AhWDgv0HHRRODpEQFnoECA4QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fel
ectronicscoach.com%2Fclipper-circuits.html&usg=AOvVaw2fmSqVpeZpisIQL_KqZW0c
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiLl9fz-
cL_AhWDgv0HHRRODpEQFnoECE4QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electronics-
tutorials.ws%2Fdiode%2Fdiode-clipping-
circuits.html&usg=AOvVaw0yltKJerktTUu7fwiq8THY
Rectifier circuit
HOW IT WORKS AND WHAT ARE IT USES
 Introduction

 What is rectifier circuit

 half wave rectifier

 Full wave rectifier

i. bridge rectifier

ii. Centre tap rectifier

 Applications of rectifier circuits

 Half-Wave Rectifier

What is it? How does it work? Advantages and Disadvantages

A circuit that changes AC input The diode conducts current only

voltage into pulsating DC output when it's forward-biased, so it Simple circuit but low efficiency.
voltage using a single diode. allows only one half of the AC Used in low voltage applications
wave to pass through. like low power radios.
 Half wave signal form

These are circuit diagram for half wave rectifier

For forward bias and reverse bias and smoothing
capacitor like we see to reduce the ripple voltage

Forward bias

reverse bias
Smoothing capacitor
Full-Wave Rectifier

1 What is it?

A circuit that converts AC voltage into DC voltage

How does it work? and produces a pulsating output voltage.

2
Uses two or four diodes to allow both halves of
the AC wave to pass through, increasing 3 Advantages and Disadvantages
efficiency.
Higher efficiency than half-wave rectifier but more
complex circuit. Used in medium voltage
applications like TVs and power supplies.
 Bridge Rectifier

 What is Bridge circuit?

A type of full-wave rectifier that uses four

diodes arranged in a bridge configuration.

 Bridge circuit properties

Used in small electronic device applications

and low power application and does not
require large cost like centre tap circuit
 Centre tape Rectifier

 What is Centre tap circuit?

A type of full-wave rectifier that uses two

diodes to convert AC signal to DC signal

 Centre tap circuit properties

Used in high power large load application

such as electric motors and lights system
Applications of Rectifier Circuits

Power Supplies Radio and TV Charging circuits

Converts AC voltage from the wall Rectifiers are used in the power In phones, batteries, and other
to DC voltage that is used in supplies of these devices to electronic devices. They convert
almost all electronic devices. convert AC voltage to DC voltage. AC voltage to DC and regulate the
output voltage.

Solenoid Valves
These are used in different industries like oil and gas, food, and water treatment. Rectifiers operate the DC valves.
Clamping circuit
HOW IT WORKS AND WHAT ARE IT USES
Introduction

 What is clamping circuit?

 DC voltage doubler
 Applications on clamper circuit
What is clamping circuit?

A clamping circuit is that circuit that adds a DC level to an AC signal actually the
positive and negative peaks of the signals can be placed at desired levels using the
clamping circuits
 Applications on clamping circuit

Medical devices Audio equipment Lighting devices

Clamping circuits can be used in Clamping circuit can be used in audio Clamping circuit can be used in
medical devices such as blood equipment such as speakers and studio lightning devices to determine the
pressure monitors equipment appropriate voltage level
 Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusion Recommendations

Clamping circuits can stabilize voltage levels, reduce noise, • Always consider the frequency range when using
and filter out interference but may have nonlinear responses clamping circuits.
and introduce DC bias. They are suitable for low-frequency • Design circuits with proper shielding and grounding to
applications and have many uses in several fields. reduce noise and interference effectively.

• Use clamping circuits in biomedical instruments with

caution to avoid harm to patients.