Position Ungrouped

MEASURES OF
POSITION
FOR UNGROUPED
DATA
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Recognize, describe, and

calculate the measures of
location of data: quartiles and
percentiles.
Measures of the Location of the Data
A measure of position or location is

a number that tells where the score
stands relative to the others in a set
of ranked data.
Recall
What is the median of this set of scores?
8, 2, 6, 9, 12, 15, 1, 5, 8
Solution: Arranging the scores in ascending order,
1 2 5 6 8 8 9 12 15
50% of the remaining 50% of the remaining
Middle or median because it divides the set of scores into two equal parts
The median and percentiles are measures of position or

location.
To determine the position or location of a particular
data, we divided the set of data into equal parts.
Fractiles
Are numbers that partition or divide an ordered
data set into equal parts.
Common types of Fractiles
o Median - 2 equal parts
o Percentiles - 100 equal parts
o Decile - 10 equal parts
o Quartiles - 4 equal parts
PERCENTILE
Are values that divide a set of ranked data into
100 equal parts.
Denote by P1, P2, P3 … P99
For example, the value P50,(the median) means
50% of the data have a lower values than P50.

PERCENTILE RANK
Is the proportion of scores in a distribution that is
below a specific score.
To illustrate,
if Gino obtained a
percentile rank of 48 in
scientific ability, this
means that his score of
460.50 is greater than
the scores of 48% of the
students who took the
NCAE.
Answer the following questions:
a. What is the percentile rank of Gino’s score
in verbal ability?
a. What is the percentile rank of Gino’s score
in verbal ability?
Answer: P99 = 726.57
b. If 1.3 million students took the NCAE, how many
students obtained verbal ability scores that are
lower than Gino’s score?
b. If 1.3 million students took the NCAE, how many students
obtained verbal ability scores that are lower than Gino’s score?
Answer:
Gino’s verbal score is better than the verbal ability score of
99% of the students who took NCAE.
99% x 1,300,000 = 0.99 x 1,300,000
= 1,287,000
Thus, 1,287,00 students have lower verbal ability scores than
Gino’s score.
c. How many students have the same or higher
verbal ability score than Gino?
c. How many students have the same or higher
verbal ability score than Gino?
Answer: 1,300,000 – 1,287,00 = 13,000
Common measures of Location of the Data
❑ Percentiles and
❑ Quartiles
PERCENTILE FOR
UNGROUPED
DATA
PERCENTILE
The percentiles are the ninety – nine score points which
divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts, so the
each part represents the data set.
It is used to characterize values according to the
percentage below them.
The 1st decile is the 10th percentile (P10). It means 10% of the
data is less than or equal to the value of P10 or D1, and so
on.
PERCENTILE
• Percentiles divide ordered data into hundredths.
To score in the 90th percentile of an exam does not mean,
necessarily, that you received 90% on a test. It means
that 90% of test scores are the same or less than your score
and 10% of the test scores are the same or greater than
your test score.
• Percentiles are useful for comparing values.
FORMULA :
th
Pk = k (n+1) score
100
Where n is the number of data in the set
Other version: Pk = kn + 1 th
score
100 2
FORMULA :
Pk = k/100(n+1)
Sample Problem 1 :
Find the 30 percentile of the

th
following test scores of a random

sample of ten students:
35, 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18, 28
Solution:
Arrange the scores/data from the lowest

to highest (ascending) order.
15, 18, 20, 23, 28, 28, 33, 35, 40, 42
Then use the
formula : Pk=k(n+1)
100
Solution (continuation):
P30 = 30(10+1)
100
P30 = 30(11)
100
P30 = 330/100
P30 = 3.3 or 3rd
P30 = 20
Sample Problem 2 :
Solution:
Questions:
a. Who stands in the middle of the line?

b. What height is the median or the 50th percentile
rank?
c. 70% of the students are shorter than what height?
d. What height is at the 25th percentile rank?
Answers:
a. Since there are 12 students, 2 students are in the

middle: Bea and Leah
Answers:
b. The median or the 50th percentile rank is the average

of Bea’s and Leah’s heights.
Answers:
b. The median or the 50th percentile rank is the average

of Bea’s and Leah’s heights.
Answers: Therefore, the 70th percentile height is 161.3 cm.
c. The 70th percentile height is the height in this position:

The result suggest that 70th percentile
Pk = k (n+1)
height is between the 9th and 10th
100
positions.
P70 = 70 (12+1)
9th position – Carlo = 161 cm
100
P = 70 (13) 10 th
position – Paolo = 164 cm
70
P70 = 9.1 P70 = h9.1 = h9 + 0.1(h10 – h9)
= 161 + 0.1 (164 – 161)
= 161.3 cm
Answers: The height at the 25th percentile is is 150.5 cm.
d. The height at the 25th percentile rank is found in this position:

The result suggest that 25th percentile
Pk = k (n+1)
height is between the 3rd and 4th
100
positions.
P25 = 25 (12+1)
3rd position – Nena = 150 cm
100
P = 25 (13) 4 th
position – Cathy = 152 cm
25
P25 = 3.25 P25 = h3.25 = h3 + 0.25(h4 – h3)
= 150 + 0.25 (152 – 150)
= 150.5 cm
QUARTILE FOR
UNGROUPED
DATA
Quartiles measures of Location of the Data
❑ Quartiles are special percentiles.

❑ The first quartile, Q1, is the same as the 25th
percentile, and the third quartile, Q3, is the same as
the 75th percentile.
❑ The median, M, is called both the second quartile
and the 50th percentile.
QUARTILE
Values that divide a list of

numbers into quarters.
1 Quartile = 25% of distribution.
st
2 Quartile = 50% of
nd
distribution.
3 Quartile = 75% of distribution.
rd
FORMULA
Sample Problem 3:
8,10,15,13,3,6,4,12,9,7,5,1,11,2,14
1. Arrange the data

from lowest to highest
(ascending) order.
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
 n = 15 (total number
of data set)
Q1 = 4
Q2 = 8
Q3 =
12
USING THE FORMULA
Q1 = ¼(n+1) Q2 = 2/4(n+1) Q3 = ¾(n+1)

Q1 = ¼(15+1) Q2 = 2/4(15+1) Q3 = ¾(15+1)
Q1 = ¼(16) Q2 = 2/4(16) Q3 = ¾(16)
Q1 = ¼ x Q2 = 2/4 x Q3 = ¾ x

16/1 16/1 16/1
Q2 = 32/4 Q3 = 48/4
Q1 = 16/4
Q2 = 8 Q3 = 12
Q1 = 4
Sample Problem 4 :
Compute Q1 and Q3 for the data relating to the

marks of 8 students in an examination given below:
25, 48, 32, 52, 21, 64, 29, 57
Qk = k (n+1)
Solution: 4
Arrange in ascending order:

21 25 29 32 48 52 64 57
Solving for Q1: The result suggest that 2.25 th
item is between the 2nd and

Q1 = (8+1)
4 3rd positions.
= 9/4 Q1 = h2.25 = h2 + 0.25(h3 – h2)
= 2.25 th item = 25 + 0.25 (29 – 25)
= 26
Qk = k (n+1)
Solution: 4
Arrange in ascending order:

21 25 29 32 48 52 57 64
Solving for Q3: The result suggest that 6.75 th
item is between the 6th and 7th

Q3 = 3(8+1)
4 positions.
= 27/4 Q3 = h6.75 = h6 + 0.75(h7 – h1)
= 6.75 th item = 52 + 0.75 (57 – 52)
= 55.75
Summary
Quartiles:
Summary
Percentiles:
Summary
Deciles:
Source:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com

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MEASURES OF

• Recognize, describe, and

A measure of position or location is

The median and percentiles are measures of position or

For example, the value P50,(the median) means

50% of the data have a lower values than P50.

Find the 30 percentile of the

following test scores of a random

Arrange the scores/data from the lowest

a. Who stands in the middle of the line?

a. Since there are 12 students, 2 students are in the

b. The median or the 50th percentile rank is the average

b. The median or the 50th percentile rank is the average

c. The 70th percentile height is the height in this position:

d. The height at the 25th percentile rank is found in this position:

❑ Quartiles are special percentiles.

Values that divide a list of

1. Arrange the data

Q1 = ¼(n+1) Q2 = 2/4(n+1) Q3 = ¾(n+1)

Q1 = ¼ x Q2 = 2/4 x Q3 = ¾ x

Compute Q1 and Q3 for the data relating to the

Arrange in ascending order:

item is between the 2nd and

Arrange in ascending order:

item is between the 6th and 7th

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