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    Ch03 3

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    Ting yu
    This document discusses the lambda-iteration method for economic dispatch of thermal units. It describes the graphical technique of plotting incremental cost characteristics for multiple units on the same graph. It then explains how an assumed incremental cost rate (lambda) can be used to find initial power outputs, and how lambda must be adjusted if the total power is too high or low. The computer implementation involves storing cost curves and using interpolation or analytical functions to find outputs. An example problem solves for the optimal schedule of three units using cubic cost curves and adjusting lambda until the error is within tolerance. Questions at the end relate to optimization within constraints.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ch03 3

    Uploaded by

    Ting yu
    16 views11 pages
    This document discusses the lambda-iteration method for economic dispatch of thermal units. It describes the graphical technique of plotting incremental cost characteristics for multiple units on the same graph. It then explains how an assumed incremental cost rate (lambda) can be used to find initial power outputs, and how lambda must be adjusted if the total power is too high or low. The computer implementation involves storing cost curves and using interpolation or analytical functions to find outputs. An example problem solves for the optimal schedule of three units using cubic cost curves and adjusting lambda until the error is within tolerance. Questions at the end relate to optimization within constraints.

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    Ch03-3

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    This document discusses the lambda-iteration method for economic dispatch of thermal units. It describes the graphical technique of plotting incremental cost characteristics for multiple units on the same graph. It then explains how an assumed incremental cost rate (lambda) can be used to find initial power outputs, and how lambda must be adjusted if the total power is too high or low. The computer implementation involves storing cost curves and using interpolation or analytical functions to find outputs. An example problem solves for the optimal schedule of three units using cubic cost curves and adjusting lambda until the error is within tolerance. Questions at the end relate to optimization within constraints.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views11 pages

    Ch03 3

    Uploaded by

    Ting yu
    This document discusses the lambda-iteration method for economic dispatch of thermal units. It describes the graphical technique of plotting incremental cost characteristics for multiple units on the same graph. It then explains how an assumed incremental cost rate (lambda) can be used to find initial power outputs, and how lambda must be adjusted if the total power is too high or low. The computer implementation involves storing cost curves and using interpolation or analytical functions to find outputs. An example problem solves for the optimal schedule of three units using cubic cost curves and adjusting lambda until the error is within tolerance. Questions at the end relate to optimization within constraints.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Power System

    Course

    Power Generation, Operation and Control


    Economic Dispatch of
    Thermal Units and Methods
    of Solution (3)

    Chung Yuan Christian University


    Department of Electrical Engineering
    March 8, 2022

    Thermal System Dispatching


    THE LAMBDA-ITERATION METHOD

     Graphical technique

    For a three-machine system, we can plot the incremental cost


    characteristics for each of these three units on the same graph, such as
    sketched in Figure 3.4.

    At first, we could assume an incremental cost rate (λ) and find the
    power outputs of each of the three units.

    If we have assumed the value of incremental cost such that the total
    power output is too low, we must increase the λ value.

    With two solutions, we can extrapolate (or interpolate) the two solutions
    to get closer to the desired value of total received power (see Figure 3.5).

    Thermal System Dispatching 2/131


    Thermal System Dispatching 3/131
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     Computer implementation

    We could store tables of data within the computer and interpolate between
    the stored power points to find exact power output for a specified value of
    incremental cost rate.

    Another approach would be to develop an analytical function for the


    power output as a function of the incremental cost rate, store this
    function in the computer, and use this to establish the output of each of the
    individual units.

    This procedure is an iterative type of computation. The stopping rules:

    • Based on finding the proper operating point within a specified


    tolerance.

    • Counting the number of times through the iterative loop and stopping
    when a maximum number is exceeded.

    Thermal System Dispatching 5/131


    Thermal System Dispatching 6/131
    EXAMPLE 3D

    Assume that one wishes to use cubic functions to represent the input-
    output characteristics of generating plants as follows

    For the three units, find the optimum schedule using the lambda-
    iteration method.

    Thermal System Dispatching 7/131


    Assume the fuel cost to be 1.0 $/MBtu for each unit and unit limits as
    follows.

    320 MW ≦ P1 ≦ 800 MW

    300 MW ≦ P2 ≦ 1200 MW

    275 MW ≦ P3 ≦ 1100 MW

    Two sample calculations are shown, both using the flowchart in Figure
    3.3.

    In this calculation, the value for λ on the second iteration is always


    set at 10% above or below the starting value depending on the sign of the
    error; for the remaining iterations, lambda is projected as in Figure 3.5.

    Thermal System Dispatching 8/131


    The first example shows the advantage of starting λ near the optimum
    value.

    Pload = 2500 MW

    λstart = 8.0 $/MWh

    Thermal System Dispatching 9/131


    The second example shows the oscillatory problems that can be
    encountered with a lambda-iteration approach.

    Pload = 2500 MW

    λstart = 10.0 $/MWh

    Thermal System Dispatching 10/131


    Questions for Homework
    Read APPENDIX 3A Optimization within Constraints and
    answer following questions.

    1. Why if two vectors, ▽ f and ▽ ω, "line up" with each other, the
    equation ▽f + λ▽ω = 0 can be set up?

    2. Why if the equation ▽f + λ▽ω = 0 exists, then

    can be derived for ?

    Thermal System Dispatching 11/131

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