TB 2 Efe 2 - Khima Kholidina Albi - 41419310009

INTRODUCTION TO RADAR TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL
MAPPING IN THE TROPICAL REGION
ENGLISH FOR ENGINEERING II
KHIMA KHOLIDINA ALBI - 41419310009

CONTENTS
1 ABSTRACT
3 RADAR TECHNOLOGY
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2 INTRODUCTION
4 CONCLUSION
ABSTRACT
For tropical areas that often cloudy and experiencing rain, sensors based
on optical satellite remote sensing often encounter difficulties. This sensor is not
able to optimally imaged region of interest due to clouds and rain obscured.
Instead of wave-based sensor that uses microwave active sensors such as Radio
Detection and Ranging (RADAR) has advantages capable mencitra in various
weather conditions, day and night, including coverage through the thick clouds
and rain. Therefore, the radar system can help assess the level of physical and
non physical damage a wider area in quick time so that the scale of regional
management priorities can be determined effectively and efficiently. Ability of
SAR to penetrate clouds, covering the surface of the earth with their own signals,
and can accurately measure distances, making the SAR is used for various
applications, such as: Monitoring of ice at sea, cartography, surface deformation
detection, monitoring of glaciers, food crop production forecasting, mapping
forest, ocean wave spectral, city planning, monitoring, disaster monitoring and
shoreline
INTRODUCTION
Radar or radio detection and ranging can be in the form of a technique or tool
(Hanssen, 2001). The electromagnetic waves emitted by radar are in the form of
radio waves and microwaves. The reflection of the emitted waves was used to
detect objects.
Radar was originally developed during World War II in 1940. The use of radar as
a sensor for remote sensing was later developed, Real Aperture Radar (RAR) also
known as Side Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) appeared. It did not stop there, in
1970 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory conducted research to develop RAR into SAR
(Synthetic Aperture Radar)..
One method of SAR that is currently being developed is InSAR (Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture Radar). InSAR is a remote sensing technique that uses
imagery from radar satellites, to extract three-dimensional information from the
earth's surface by observing the phase of radar waves.
RADAR TECHNOLOGY
Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) works on electromagnetic waves in the

form of radio waves and microwaves, with wavelengths from a few millimeters to
about one meter. Radio waves and microwaves are emitted throughout the
earth's surface and their reflections are detected by a radar system which is then
used to detect objects. So that this system is often called active remote sensing.
1. Wavelength and Frequency
2. Imaging with Radar
3. Radar Resolution
4. InSAR and DInSAR

1. WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCY
The size of the electromagnetic wave length affects the

penetration of these waves on objects on the earth's surface.
The larger the wavelength used, the stronger the penetration
power of the wave.
Wavelengths are grouped according to bands. The wavelength
that will be used in the radar system depends on the application
to be worked on. Radar uses one or more types of bands to
perform remote sensing. Radar uses a spectrum of
electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 300 MHz to 30
GHz.
2. IMAGING WITH RADAR
The concept of radar is to measure the distance from the sensor to the target by means of an airplane or satellite in a
side looking direction. The distance measure is obtained by measuring the time it takes for electromagnetic waves to
travel from the sensor to the target and back to the sensor.
Image Radar waves emitted by satellites are then reflected back in all directions by the earth's surface and some are
received back by satellites
When the vehicle emits radar, it has its own geometric shape. The following are geometric factors in radar imaging:
• Incidence Angle
Is the angle formed between the radar wave beam with a line perpendicular to the surface of the object.
• Depression Angle
Is the angle formed from the horizontal direction to the radar wave beam line.
• Look Angle
Is the angle between geographic north and the direction of the radar wave or with a line perpendicular to the flight
direction of the vehicle.
• Look Direction
Is the direction of the antenna when doing imaging
3. RADAR RESOLUTION
Radar resolution is defined as the ability of the radar to visualize an object correctly, that is, it can distinguish objects
that are located close together. Radar resolution represented on the shape of the resolution cells of this radar system
depends on two parameters namely pulse length and beam width of the antenna. Pulse length or also called radar
pulse duration is determined by the length of time the antenna emits or emits electromagnetic waves. Radar
resolution is divided into 2 parts according to the direction, namely:
• Azimuth Resolution
• Transverse Resolution (Range Resolution)
4. InSAR & DinSAR
Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) InSAR is a remote sensing technique used to extract three-
dimensional information from the earth's surface by observing the phase of radar waves. At first radar interferometry
was used for observations of the surface of the moon and the planet Venus. In 1974 he applied this technique for the
first time in the field of mapping. In order to obtain topography from the image, two conditions must be met, namely
objects on the earth's surface that are
The image to be imaged can be seen clearly, and the geometric shape of the image observation has a sufficient three-
dimensional position so that the mapped area can be identified for its topography. These two things can only be
fulfilled by the InSAR technique.
Interferometry technique images an object on the earth's surface by observing the phase difference between two
phosphorescent waves originating from one object.
4. InSAR & DinSAR
Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DINSAR)

Remote Sensing Techniques with InSAR are often used for monitoring
changes (deformations) of an area to an accuracy of the order of cm. To
obtain such an order of accuracy, the InSAR data processing method is
carried out by differential. In this method, several pairs of interferograms are
used at once to detect changes in the topographic surface with very high
accuracy.
The interference pattern of 2 SAR images (master and slave) in the same area
is obtained by means of 2 passes depending on the topography being
imaged. In the image from the first path, the phase value is obtained, as well
as the second image in the second path, the phase value is also obtained. If
there is a phase difference between the imaging of the first path and the
second path, fringes will be seen on the interferogram called displacement
fringes.
In the interferogram, there are 2 main types of fringe, namely displacement
CONCLUSION
The choice of the right type of remote sensing satellite sensor will be very
supportive to produce quality information according to the purpose of the
application. For tropical areas that are often cloudy and experience rain,
remote sensing satellite sensors
based often encounter difficulties. This sensor is not able to optimally image
the desired area because it is blocked by clouds and rain. On the other hand,
microwave-based sensors that use active sensors such as Radio Detection
and Ranging (RADAR) have the advantage of being able to image in various
weather conditions, day and night, including penetrating heavy clouds and
rain.

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INTRODUCTION TO RADAR TECHNOLOGY FOR SPATIAL

MAPPING IN THE TROPICAL REGION

ENGLISH FOR ENGINEERING II

KHIMA KHOLIDINA ALBI - 41419310009

Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) works on electromagnetic waves in the

1. Wavelength and Frequency

2. Imaging with Radar

4. InSAR and DInSAR

The size of the electromagnetic wave length affects the

Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DINSAR)

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