Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 268 views

    Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Zubair Mohammed
    Dental x-ray images have visual and geometric characteristics. Visual characteristics include density and contrast, while geometric characteristics include sharpness, magnification, distortion, and speed. An ideal dental x-ray has the same size and shape as the object, with good detail, density, and contrast. Factors like exposure settings, object thickness and density, film type, and positioning affect the characteristics and quality of the resulting dental x-ray image.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Zubair Mohammed
    268 views37 pages
    Dental x-ray images have visual and geometric characteristics. Visual characteristics include density and contrast, while geometric characteristics include sharpness, magnification, distortion, and speed. An ideal dental x-ray has the same size and shape as the object, with good detail, density, and contrast. Factors like exposure settings, object thickness and density, film type, and positioning affect the characteristics and quality of the resulting dental x-ray image.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Dental x-ray images have visual and geometric characteristics. Visual characteristics include density and contrast, while geometric characteristics include sharpness, magnification, distortion, and speed. An ideal dental x-ray has the same size and shape as the object, with good detail, density, and contrast. Factors like exposure settings, object thickness and density, film type, and positioning affect the characteristics and quality of the resulting dental x-ray image.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    268 views37 pages

    Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Zubair Mohammed
    Dental x-ray images have visual and geometric characteristics. Visual characteristics include density and contrast, while geometric characteristics include sharpness, magnification, distortion, and speed. An ideal dental x-ray has the same size and shape as the object, with good detail, density, and contrast. Factors like exposure settings, object thickness and density, film type, and positioning affect the characteristics and quality of the resulting dental x-ray image.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 37

    S P Patil Dental CollegeCollege

    Dr. Zaveria Fatima

    Dental X-ray image characteristics include both visual & geometric characteristics. Visual characteristics: Density. Contrast. Geometric characteristics: Sharpness. Magnification. Distortion or Blurring. Speed

    RADIOLUCENT
    Dark Gray to Black
    A structure that lacks density appears radiolucent e.g. soft tissue & spaces

    RADIOPAQUE
    White to Light Gray
    Radiopaque structures are dense & absorb X-ray, e.g. enamel, dentine, & bone.

    I) Density
    Represents the degree of darkness of an exposed xray film (white to black)

    The overall density of the film affects the diagnostic value of the film (ideal density, too light, too dark)

    Density is influenced by:


    1. Exposure factors: mA kV Exposure time 2. Object thickness 3. Object density 4. Film fog

    Exposure factors (mA, kVp, exposure time). An unnecessary increase in any of these factors results in an increase in film density.
    Object thickness: the larger the patients head, the more x-rays that are needed to produce an ideal film density Object density: determined by type of material (metal, tooth structure, composite, etc.) and by amount of material

    Film Fog
    Increased film density from causes other than exposure to the primary xray beam (scatter, improper safe lighting, improper film storage, expired film)

    fog

    II) Contrast
    The difference in densities (blackness) between various regions on a radiograph

    High Contrast
    Short Scale Black and White (Few shades of gray) Best for caries detection

    Low Contrast
    Long Scale Many shades of gray Best for periapical or periodontal evaluation

    Contrast is influenced by:


    1. Subject contrast
    2. kVp

    3. Film contrast

    Subject contrast
    Results from varying object densities within patient, this is determined by: thickness, density & composition of the subject

    kVp
    Affects energy (penetrating ability) of x-rays.

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    Film contrast:
    It refers to the characteristics of the film that influence the radiographic contrast, it is incorporated into film by manufacturer.

    Film Fog
    Film fog makes the whole film darker, making it harder to see the density differences (contrast)

    fog

    Image Quality
    Image quality is determined by its sharpness & magnification. The more the sharpness & the more the extent of magnification, the better the quality of image.

    I )Sharpness
    Measures how well the details (boundaries/edges) of an object are reproduced on a radiograph. The fuzzy unclear area that surround the image is termed penumbra.

    Penumbra
    (pene=almost + umbra= shadow)

    Def.: Zone of unsharpness along


    the edge of images in a radiograph

    The larger the penumbra, the less


    sharp the image will be

    Target (focal spot)

    Penumbra

    Umbra
    (complete shadow)

    Sharpness is influenced by:


    1. Focal spot size
    2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sourceobject (teeth) distance Object (teeth)-film distance Intensifying screens Film crystal size Motion

    Decrease focal spot size, increase sharpness

    Target

    Object

    Umbra

    Penumbra

    Increase source-object distance, increase sharpness

    Target Teeth Umbra Penumbra

    film

    Decrease object-film distance, increase sharpness

    Target Teeth Umbra Penumbra

    film film

    Intensifying screens decrease sharpness

    Film crystal size


    The faster film contain larger crystal size that produce less image sharpness, and vice versa. Lack of sharpness occurs because the large crystals dont produce object outline.

    Patient motion decreases sharpness

    II)Magnification
    Increase in size Magnification affected by: Source-object distance Object-film distance

    Magnification
    Increase source-object distance, decrease magnification

    Target 16

    Target 8

    Decrease object-film distance, decrease magnification

    Target 16

    Distortion or Blurring
    Change in the true shape or size of the object

    Blurring is affected by:


    1. Film-teeth relationship

    2. Beam alignment

    Paralleling

    Bisecting angle

    Speed
    The speed of a film represents the amount of radiation required to produce a radiograph of acceptable density. The higher the speed, the less radiation needed to properly expose the film. Higher speed films have larger silver halide crystals; the larger crystals cover more area and are more likely to interact with the x-rays. F-speed film (Insight) has the highest speed of intraoral films. An F-speed film requires 60% less radiation than a D-speed film.

    Ideal Radiograph
    An ideal radiograph possesses the following: 1. Image is of the same size as the object.

    2. Image shape is the same as the


    object.

    3. Image has good detail


    4. Image has good density and contrast

    Mandibular molar periapical film comes closest to satisfying properties of an ideal radiograph (either paralleling or bisecting)

    You might also like