L1 Academic Text Structures

What is an Academic
Text?
Academic Text
•is defined as critical,
objective, specialized texts
written by experts or
professionals in a given field
using formal language.
Academic Texts
•are based on facts with
solid basis.
Characteristics of
Academic Texts
•formal
•objective (impersonal)
• technical.
•It is formal by avoiding
casual or conversational
language, such as
contractions or informal
vocabulary.
•Contractions:
•Don’t = do not
•Won’t = will not/ would not
•I’ll = I will
•We’ve = we have
Rephrase the sentence into
academic style of writing.
• This piece of writing

talks about K to 12
curriculum.
•The present study aims to
give insights about K to 12
curriculum.
•The current study
aims to…
•I think that this idea

sucks.
•The idea may not be
accurate.
•The idea is bound for
further studies.
•In my opinion, this is

a wonderful topic.
•This topic is worth
investigating.
• It is impersonal and
objective by avoiding direct
reference to people or
feelings, and instead
emphasizing objects, facts
and ideas.
•Many of my friends and

colleagues say that…
•It is commonly said
that…
•The researchers
observed that…
•(For citation)
I, my professor Dave
•I = The present study/
author,
•my professor Dave =
Robertson (2018)
•It is technical by
using vocabulary
specific to the
discipline.
Identify what is being
described…
•Words you know

described…
•Language you want

to learn
described…
•Language taught in a
household
described…
•Purchasing items
using apps or
websites
described…
•People who buy

products or avail
services
Examples of
Academic
Writing
Academic Writing
•Literary Analysis
•Research Paper
•Dissertation
Literary Analysis
•A type of essay that examines,
evaluates, and makes an
argument about a literary work.
Literary Analysis
• It requires careful close
reading of one or multiple
texts and often focuses on a
specific characteristic, theme,
or motif.
Which are Literary Analyses?
•Book Review = Evaluates LW
•Literature Review = Examines LW

•Project Proposal = an offer or a bid
•Position Paper =about
makes argument
LW
Research Paper
•A research paper uses
outside information to
support a thesis or make an
argument.
Research Paper
• Common research sources
include data, primary sources
(e.g., historical records), and
secondary sources (e.g., peer-
reviewed scholarly articles).
Research Paper
•Research papers are written
in all disciplines and may be
evaluative, analytical, or
critical in nature.
Dissertation
•A dissertation (or thesis) is a
document submitted at the
conclusion of a Ph.D.
program.
Dissertation
•The dissertation is a book-
length summarization of the
doctoral candidate’s
research.
Academic Text
Structures
Academic Text Structures
•Three-Part Essay
•IMRaD
Three-Part Essay
•The three-part essay
structure is a basic structure
that consists of introduction,
body and conclusion.
Three-Part Essay
•The introduction and the
conclusion should be
shorter than the body of
the text.
Introduction
•Its purpose is to clearly tell
the reader the topic,
purpose and structure of
the paper.
Introduction
•an introduction might be
between 10 and 20
percent of the length of
the whole paper and has
three main parts:
3 Parts of Introduction
A. The most general
information, such as
background and/or
definitions.
B. The core of the introduction,
where you show the overall
topic, purpose, your point of
view, hypotheses and/or
research questions.
C. The most specific
information, describing the
scope and structure of your
paper.
The Body
•It develops the question,
“What is the topic about?”.
The Body
•This is considered as the heart
of the essay because it
expounds the specific ideas for
the readers to have a better
understanding of the topic.
The Body
•It usually is the largest part
of the essay.
Conclusion
•The conclusion is closely
related to the introduction
and is often described as
its ‘mirror image’.
Conclusion
• This may take the form of an
evaluation of the importance of
the topic, implications for future
research or a recommendation
about theory or practice.
IMRaD
•The sections of the IMRaD
structure are Introduction,
Methods, Results and
Discussion.
Introduction
•usually depicts the
background of the topic
and the central focus of
the study.
Methodology
•Includes data collection
methods, research
instrument employed,
sample size and so on.
Results and Discussion
•states the brief
summary of the key
findings or the results of
your study.

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What is an Academic

• This piece of writing

•I think that this idea

•In my opinion, this is

•Many of my friends and

•Words you know

•Language you want

•People who buy

•Literature Review = Examines LW

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