Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Chapter 14

    Uploaded by

    Fathimath Ali
    The document discusses the muscular system, including that it has over 600 muscles and functions like movement, posture, and organ function. It describes the three main muscle types - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and covers muscle contraction, assessment techniques, and common disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 14

    Uploaded by

    Fathimath Ali
    10 views17 pages
    The document discusses the muscular system, including that it has over 600 muscles and functions like movement, posture, and organ function. It describes the three main muscle types - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and covers muscle contraction, assessment techniques, and common disorders.

    Original Title

    Chapter_14

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the muscular system, including that it has over 600 muscles and functions like movement, posture, and organ function. It describes the three main muscle types - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and covers muscle contraction, assessment techniques, and common disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10 views17 pages

    Chapter 14

    Uploaded by

    Fathimath Ali
    The document discusses the muscular system, including that it has over 600 muscles and functions like movement, posture, and organ function. It describes the three main muscle types - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac - and covers muscle contraction, assessment techniques, and common disorders.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    CHAPTER 14

    MUSCULAR SYSTEM

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Structure and Function
    • The human body has more than 600 muscles
    • The functions of the muscular system
    – Aid in movement
    – Provide and maintain posture
    – Protect internal organs
    – Provide movement of blood, food, and waste
    products through the body
    – Open and close body openings
    – Produce heat
    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri
    ghts reserved.
    Table 14-1 Types of Muscle
    Tissue

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Skeletal Muscle
    • Makes up more than 40% of a person’s body
    weight
    • Looks striated, or banded, under the
    microscope
    • Skeletal muscles have three parts
    – Origin is one end of the muscle, attached to the less
    movable part of the bone
    – Insertion is the other end of the muscle, attached to
    the more movable part of the bone
    – The action, or body, is the thick middle part of the
    muscle
    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri
    ghts reserved.
    Figure 14-5 Basic Types of
    Muscle Movement

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Visceral Muscle

    • Lines various hollow organs


    • Makes up the walls of blood vessels
    • Found in the tubes of the digestive
    system
    • Smooth and has no striations
    • Controlled by the autonomic nervous
    system
    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri
    ghts reserved.
    Cardiac Muscle

    • Found only in the heart


    • Striated muscle
    • Under involuntary control
    • Has specialized cells that provide a
    stimulus for contraction

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Muscle Contraction
    • Isotonic contraction is muscle shortening that
    produces movement
    • Muscle tone or tonus is a state of partial
    contraction that maintains a person’s posture
    • Isometric contraction does not cause muscle
    shortening or movement
    • A twitch is a quick, jerky contraction of a
    whole muscle from one stimulus

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Muscle Contraction (continued)

    • Tetanic contraction is more sustained than a


    twitch and is caused by many stimuli in rapid
    succession
    • Fibrillation is uncoordinated contraction of
    muscle fibers
    • Convulsions are contractions of groups of
    muscles in an abnormal manner
    • Spasms are involuntary, sudden, and
    prolonged contractions

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Figure 14-8 Sliding Filament Theory

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Assessment Techniques

    • Reflex tests
    • Joint motion measured using a
    protractor
    • Blood tests
    • Electromyography tests
    • Muscle biopsy

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Disorders of the Muscular
    System
    • Back pain
    – From weakened muscles around the spine in the
    lower back
    • Contracture
    – A condition in which muscles remain contracted as
    a joint loses flexibility and ligaments and tendons
    shorten
    • Muscle cramp
    – A sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle
    producing pain

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Disorders of the Muscular
    System (continued)
    • Muscular dystrophy
    – A group of genetic diseases involving painless,
    gradual atrophy of muscle tissue
    • Fibromyalgia
    – A group of muscle disorders affecting the tendons,
    ligaments, and other fibrous tissues
    • Gangrene
    – Caused by Clostridium bacteria that kill muscle
    tissue

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Disorders of the Muscular
    System (continued)
    • Hernia
    – The abnormal protrusion of a body part into
    another body area
    • Myasthenia gravis
    – A condition in which nerve impulses are not
    transmitted normally from the brain to the
    muscles
    • Poliomyelitis
    – A viral infection that results in paralysis of muscles

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Disorders of the Muscular
    System (continued)
    • Muscle sprain
    – A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or
    ligaments of a joint
    • Muscle strain
    – Torn or stretched tendons and muscles, causing
    pain
    • Pes planus
    – Called “flatfoot” or “fallen arches,” may be
    congenital or result from weakened foot muscles

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Disorders of the Muscular
    System (continued)
    • Tetanus
    – Commonly called “lockjaw,” is caused by a
    bacterial infection
    • Trichinosis
    – A parasitic infection caused by eating undercooked
    pork

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.
    Issues and Innovations
    • Sports medicine
    – Treating sports injuries
    – Directing healthful development and training of
    athletes
    – Biomechanics
    • Fitness fad
    – Importance of regular exercise for good health
    – Exercise obsession

    Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All ri


    ghts reserved.

    You might also like