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Chancroid and Genital Herpes REPORT

Haemophilus ducreyi causes the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, characterized by painful genital ulcers. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that requires blood for growth. Genital herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2, presenting as painful vesicular lesions that rupture into ulcers. Chancroid presents as a soft, painful papule developing into an ulcer with ragged edges and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Definitive diagnosis of chancroid requires culture on media with vancomycin.

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Kyla Ramones
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46 views24 pages

Chancroid and Genital Herpes REPORT

Haemophilus ducreyi causes the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, characterized by painful genital ulcers. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that requires blood for growth. Genital herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus types 1 and 2, presenting as painful vesicular lesions that rupture into ulcers. Chancroid presents as a soft, painful papule developing into an ulcer with ragged edges and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Definitive diagnosis of chancroid requires culture on media with vancomycin.

Uploaded by

Kyla Ramones
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Terminologies

It causes the sexually transmitted disease


chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in
Haemophilus Ducreyi developing countries characterized by painful sores
on the genitalia.
Ulcer an open, painful sore

Inguinal is a nonspecific finding that is characteristic of


inflammatory pathology almost anywhere in the
Lymphadenopathy groin or either lower extremity.
is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat
Vancomycin a number of bacterial infections.
a common infection that can cause painful blisters
Herpes Simplex Virus or ulcers.
is an irritating sensation that makes you want to
Pruritus scratch.
Tzanck smear scraping of an ulcer base to look for Tzanck cell.
Terminologies
refers to the microscopic examination of
Histopathology examination tissue in order to study the
manifestations of disease.

the polymerase chain reaction is a


methos widely used to rapidly make
millions to billions of copies of a specific
DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a
PCR very small sample of DNA and amplify it
to a large enough amount to study in
detail.

is a technique used for light microscopy


Immunofluorescence with a fluorescence microscope and is
used primarily on biological samples.
Chancroid and
Genital Herpes
Malapitan, Rhea Kristel
Ramones, Kyla M.
Chancroid
The etiologic agent
is Haemophilus
ducreyi, a gram-
negative
coccobacillus .
Chancroid
Haemophilus means
“blood-loving” and
must be grown in
culture medium
containing blood.
Chancroid
It only requires hemin
(X factor) for growth
which is derived from
the blood in the
culture medium.
Clinical Findings
Chancroid presents with a
soft, painful papule with an
erythematous base that
develops into an ulcer with
ragged edges associated
with inguinal
lymphadenopathy.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Definitive diagnosis is made through
culture on at least two kinds of
enriched media containing
vancomycin.
Treatment and
Prevention
Antibiotics for treatment
include cephalosporins,
azithromycin,
erythromycin, or ciprofloxacin.
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes is caused
by Herpes Simplex Virus
(HSV). It is a DNA virus
under the family of
Human Herpesviridae.
Genital Herpes
There are two types of
HSV, type 1 and type 2.
The virus is capable of
latency in the neurons
hence the occurrence of
recurrent infections.
Mode of Transmission
The main domain of
transmission is through
oral secretions or sexual
contact.
Clinical Findings
Genital Herpes is caused by
HSV types 1 and 2, but
majority cases are caused by
type 2. Most primary
infections are asymptomatic.
Clinical Findings
The lesions are vesicular which later on
rupture resulting to ulcers and are painful
with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The lesions
are seen in the vulva, vagina, cervix, or
perianal area and are accompanied by
pruritus and mucoid vaginal discharge.
Clinical Findings
Recurrent infections are often of shorter
duration and less severe than the primary
infection. A consequence of genital herpes
in newborns is neonatal herpes which is
acquired in utero or upon passage through
the infected birth canal during delivery.

Clinical Findings
Genital Herpes on Babies
Laboratory Diagnosis
Tzanck smear and histopathologic
examination are done to demonstrate the
characteristic cytopathologic effects that
includes Cowdry type A inclusions,
syncytia formation, and ballooning of
infected cells. A more specific diagnostic
test is PCR or immunofluorescence.
Treatment and Prevention
The drug of choice is
acyclovir but it does not
prevent recurrences. The
prevention is the same as
with other sexually
transmitted diseases. No
vaccine is available.
Comparison of the major genital sore diseases
Primary Syphilis Genital Herpes Chancroid
Etiologic Agent Treponema pallidum Herpes Simplex Haemophilus
Virus ducreyie
Incubation Period 3 weeks (10-90 2-7 days 3-5 days
days)
Usual clinical Slightly tender Marked pain in Tender papulae that
presentation papule that ulcerates genital area; papules ulcerates
over 1 to several ulcerate in 3-6 days;
weeks fever, headache,
malaise and inguinal
adenopathy common
Comparison of the major genital sore diseases
Primary Syphilis Genital Herpes Chancroid
Diagnostic tests Dark-filled exam of Virus culture of cells Culture in at least
exudate from and fluid from two kinds of enriched
chancre; serologic chancre; nucleic acid media with
tests amplification tests vancomycin
Long-term sequelae Secondary syphilis Recurrent genital Inguinal bubo
with mucocutaneous herpes
lesions; tertiary
syphilis
Treatment Benzathine penicillin Acyclovir Ceftriaxone,
G; doxycycline if famciclovir or azithromycin,
allergic to penicillin valacyclovir erythromycin, or
ciprofloxacin
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