Engineering

Department

Principle Stresses
and Principle Strain
 Engineering
Department

Purpose of Mohr’s Circle

Mohr's circle is a graphical representation of
transformation equations for plane stress.

This graphical representation is extremely

useful because it enables you to visualize the
relationships between the normal and shear
stresses acting on various inclined planes at a
point in a stressed body.
 Engineering

Sample Problem Department

A particular point
on the part
x

sy = -2 MPa

Some Part
sx = 6 MPa

txy = 3 MPa
x & y  orientation
 Mohr’s Circle Engineering
t (CW) Department

sy = -2 MPa
x-axis

sx = 6 MPa (6 MPa, 3 MPa)

2 6
3
txy = 3 MPa
s

3 Center of Mohr’s
Circle

(-2 MPa, -3 MPa)

y-axis
 Mohr’s Circle
(savg, tmax) Engineering
t (CW) Department

sy = -2 MPa
x-face

sx = 6 MPa
(6 MPa, 3MPa)

txy = 3 MPa
s
s2 s1
savg = 2 MPa

(-2 MPa, -3MPa)

y-face

 x  y (savg, tmin)
 avg   2 MPa
2
 Mohr’s Circle
Engineering
t (CW) (savg, tmax) Department
(2 MPa, 5 MPa)
sy = -2 MPa
x-face

sx = 6 MPa
(6 MPa, 3MPa)
R
3 MPa
txy = 3 MPa
s
s2 s1
4 MPa
 x  y
R ( ) 2  ( xy ) 2
2
R   max y-face

s1 = savg + R = 7 MN (savg, tmin)

s2 = savg – R = -3 MN (2 MPa, -5 MPa)
 Mohr’s Circle
Engineering
t (CW) (savg, tmax) Department
(2 MPa, 5 MPa)
sy = -2 MPa
x-face

sx = 6 MPa
(6 MPa, 3MPa

3 MPa
txy = 3 MPa 2q
s
s2 s1
4 MPa
 3 MPa 
2  Tan 
1

 4 MPa 
2  36.869
y-face
  18.435
(savg, tmin)
(2 MPa, -5 MPa)
 Principle Stress Engineering
t (CW) (savg, tmax) Department
(2 MN, 5 MN)

s2 = -3 MN x-face

(6 MN, 3MN)
q = 18.435°
3 MN
s1 = 7 MN 2q
s

Principle Stress s2 s1
Element 4 MN

Rotation on element is half of

the rotation from the circle in
same direction from x-axis
(savg, tmin)
(2 MN, -5 MN)
 Shear Stress Engineering
t (CW) (savg, tmax) Department
(2 MN, 5 MN)

savg = 2 MN x-face

f = 26.565°
2f (6 MN, 3MN)
tmax = 5 MN
3 MN
2q
s
savg = 2 MN
s2 s1
Maximum Shear Stress 4 MN
Element

2  90  2
2  90  36.869 y-face
2  53.130 (savg, tmin)
(2 MN, -5 MN)
 26.565
 Relationship Between Elements
Engineering
Department

savg = 2 ksi

tmax = 5 ksi
sy = -2 ksi

savg = 2 ksi
f = 26.565°
sx = 6 ksi

q = 18.435° s2 = -3 ksi
txy = 3 ksi

s1 = 7 ksi
q + f = 18.435 ° + 26.565 ° = 45 °
 What’s the stress at angle of 15°
Engineering
CCW from the x-axis? Department

A particular point
on the part
x V

s = ? ksi

Some Part s = ? ksi U

15°
x
t = ? ksi

U & V  new axes @ 15° from x-axis

 Rotation on Mohr’s Circle (savg, tmax) Engineering
t (CW) Department

(sU, tU)

x-face
30°

s
s2 s1
savg = 2 ksi

y-face
15° on part and
(sV, tV)
element is 30° on
Mohr’s Circle (savg, tmin)
 Rotation on Mohr’s Circle
Engineering
t (CW) (savg, tmax) Department

(sU, tU)

x-face
sU = savg + R*cos(66.869°) R

sU = 3.96 ksi 66.869°

s

sV = savg – R*cos(66.869°) s2 s1
savg = 2 ksi
sV = 0.036 ksi
tUV = R*sin(66.869°)
y-face
tUV = 4.60 ksi
(sV, tV)
(savg, tmin)
What’s the stress at angle of 15° CCWEngineering
from
the x-axis? Department

A particular point
on the part
x V
sV = .036 ksi
sU = 3.96 ksi
Some Part U
15°
x

t = 4.60 ksi
 Engineering
Department

Questions?
Next: Special Cases
 Special Case – Both Principle Stresses
Engineering
Have the Same Sign Department

X pD
x 
Z 2t

pD
y 
Cylindrical 4t
Pressure Vessel
 Mohr’s Circle Engineering
Department

sy
t (CW)

x  y
sx 
2

s
sy sx

This isn’t the whole story

however… Mohr’s Circle for X-Y Planes

sx = s1 and sy = s2
 Mohr’s Circle Engineering
Department
sz = 0
sy
t (CW)

sx
tmax = txz
sx
sz

sz = 0 since it is perpendicular to
the free face of the element. s
s3 s1
sz = s3 and sx = s1

1   3 Mohr’s Circle for X-Z Planes

max 
2
 Mohr’s Circle Engineering
Department
sy
t (CW)

tmax = txz
sx
sz

s
s3 s2 s1

sz = 0 since it is perpendicular to
the free face of the element.

s1 > s2 > s3
 Pure Uniaxial Tension Engineering
Department

sy = 0 x
max 
2
sx = P/A

s2 = 0 s1= sx

Note when sx = Sy, Sys =

Ductile Materials Tend to Fail Sy/2
in SHEAR
 Engineering
Pure Uniaxial Compression Department

x
sy = 0 max 
2
sx = P/A
s1 = 0
s2= sx
 Pure Torsion Engineering
Department

max   xy
T

Tc s2 = -txy
 xy  s1 = txy
J

Brittle materials
s1
tend to fail in
CHALK TENSION.
Uniaxial Tension & Torsional Shear Stresses
Engineering
Department

Rotating shaft with axial load.

Basis for design of shafts.

max  R
(sx, txy)
sx = P/A

s2 = sx/2-R sx/2 s1 = sx/2+R

txy = Tc/J
(0, tyx)

2
 
R   x    2xy  max
 2 
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