Mathematics

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Chapter 4

MATHEMATICA
L FUNCTIONS
Restricted Domain and Range
Q41) The function C(x)=15x+80,000 expresses the total cost
C(x) in dollars of manufacturing x units of a product. If the
maximum units which can be produced equals 50,000, state the
restricted domain and range for this cost function.
Solution:
Maximum value of x = 50,000
Thus, D = {x|0 ≤ x ≤ 50,000}
For range,
C(0) = 15(0) + 80,000 = $80,000
C(50,000) = 15(50000) + 80000
= 750000 + 80000 =$ 830,000
Thus, R = {C(x)|$80,000 ≤ C(x) ≤ $830,000}
Q42) Demand Function: The function
q = f(p) = 280,000 – 35p is a demand function which
expresses the quantity demanded of a product q as a
function of the price charged for the product p, stated in
dollars. Determine the restricted domain and range for
this function .
Solution:
To find range,
q = f(p) = 280,000 – 35p
For Minimum demand, p = $8000
Maximum price occurs when
demand is 0 q = f(8000) = 280,000 – 35(8000)
0 = 280000 – 35p =0
35p = 280,000 For Maximum demand, p = 0
p = $8,000 q = f(0) = 280,000 – 35(0)
Minimum price is zero = 280,000
Thus, D = {p|0 ≤ p ≤ $8,000} Thus, R = {q|0 ≤ q ≤ 280,000}
Q 51)Membership Drive: A small health club is
trying to stimulate new memberships. For a limited
time, the normal annual fee of $300 per year will be
reduced to $200. As an additional incentive, for each
new member in excess of 60, the annual charge for each
new member will be further reduced by $2. Determine
the function p = f(n) where p equals the membership fee
for new members and n equals the number of new
members.
Solution:
When n≤60
P = f (n) = $200
When n>60
P = f (n) = 200 -2(n-60)
= 200 – 2n + 120
= 320 – 2n
When P = f (n) = $200 n≤60
320 – 2n n>60
Q 61)Pricing Model: A manufacturer sells two related products,
the demand for which is characterized by the following two
demand functions:

q1 = f1(p1, p2) = 250 – 4p1 – p2

q2 = f2(p1, p2) = 200 – p1 – 3p2

where pj equals the price (in dollars) of product j and qj equals

the demand (in thousand of units) for product j.

(a) How many units are expected to be demanded of each product

if $20/unit is charged for product 1 and $40 per unit is charged
for product 2?
(b) How many units are expected if the unit prices are $40 and
$30, respectively?
Solution:
(a) When p1 = $20 and p2 = $40
q1 = 250 – 4p1 – p2
q1 = 130 (in thousands)

q2 = 200 – p1 – 3p2
q2 = 200 – 20 – 3(40)
q2 = 60 (in thousands)

(b) When p1 = $40 and p2 = $30

q1 = 250 – 4p1 – p2
q1 = 250 – 4(40) - 30
q1 = 60 (in thousands)

q2 = 200 – p1 – 3p2
q2 = 200 – 40 – 3(30)
q2 = 70 (in thousands)
Types of functions
1) Constant function
• A function whose range remain fixed is called a constant function.
• y = f(x) = ao
where a is a real number
• e.g., y=f(x)=10.
• Example: Marginal Revenue
• An additional revenue derived from selling one more unit of a
product or service. If each unit of a product sells at the same
price, the marginal revenue is always equal to the price. For
example, if a product is sold for 7 dollars per unit, the marginal
revenue function can be stated as the constant function.
2) Linear functions:
A linear function has the general form
f(x) = a1x + ao
where a1and ao are constants with a1 ≠ 0
Example: A cost function C(x) = – 5x + 375000 is a linear
function.

3) Quadratic functions:
A quadratic function has the general form
f(x) = a2x2 + a1 x + ao
where a2, a1 and ao are constants with a2 ≠ 0
Example: The demand function for a particular product is
Qd = f(p) = 2p2 – 7p + 250
where Qd equals the number of units demanded and p
equals the price stated in dollars.
4) Cubic function:
A function has the general form
f(x) = a3x3 + a2x2 + a1 x + ao
where , a3 , a2 , a1 and ao are constants with a3 ≠ 0
Example: y = f(x) = x3 – 40x2 + 25x – 1000

5) Polynomial function:
A polynomial function of degree n has the general form
f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + ……. + a1 x + ao
where , an , an-1 , ….. a1 , ao are constants with an ≠ 0
Example: y = f(x) = x5
6) Rational functions:
A rational function has the general form
g ( x)
y  f ( x) 
h( x )
Where g and h are both polynomial functions.
Example: y = f(x) = 2x5
5x4 – 2x + 10

7) Combinations of functions:
Sum/difference/product/quotient functions are
combination of functions.
Example: y = f(x) + g(x) = x3 + 1/2x
8) Composite functions:
A function in which one function can be viewed as a
function of the values of another function.
If y=g(u) and u=h(x), the composite function
y=f(x)=g(h(x)).

Exercise 4.2
Q1-24: State the types of each of the
function(constant, linear, quadratic, cubic,
polynomial, rational.)
Section 4.2
Page 160, 161, 162
1) f(x) = 2x exponential function
2) f(x) = -24 constant function
3) f(x) = (x – 5)/2 Linear function
4) f(x) = x2 – 25 Quadratic function
5) f(x) = 2x0 Constant function
6) f(x) = x5 Polynomial function
7) f(x) = (10 – x)/4 Linear function
8) f(x) = 10 /x Combination of functions
9) f(x) = log10 x logarithmic functions
10) f(x) = (x4 – 5x2) /(x6 + 5) Rational function
11) f(x) = - 25/h2 Combination of functions
12) f(x) = 3 – 4s + s2 – s3/4 Cubic Function
13) f(x) = x2/√x3 Can’t Specify
14) f(u) = (5u – 3)0/4 Constant function
Q.29: The value of a truck is estimated by the function
V = f(t) = 20,000 - 3,000t
where V equals the value stated in dollars and t equals the
age of the truck expressed in years.
(a): What class of function is this?
(b): What is the value after three years?
(c): When will the value equal 0?
Solution:
a) Linear function
b) V = f(3) = 20000 – 3000(3) = 20000 – 9000
= $ 11,000
c) 0 = 20000 – 3000t
3000t = 20000
t = 20000/3000 = 6.7 years
Q 33: The PROFIT function for a firm is
P(q) = – 10q2 + 36000q – 45000
where q equals the number of units sold and P equals
annual profit in dollars.
(a) What class of function is this?
(b) What is profit expected to equal if 1500 units are sold?

Solution:
a) quadratic
b) P = – 10(1500)2 + 36000(1500) – 45000
= - 22,500,000 + 54,000,000 - 45000
= $31,455,000
Q 41: If y = g(u) = u2 + 2u and u = h(x) = x3
Determine
(a) g(h(x))
(b) g(h(0))
(c) g(h(2))
Solution:
a) As u = h(x)
Therefore, g(u) = g(h(x)) = u2 + 2u
= (x3)2 + 2x3
g(h(x)) = x6 + 2x3
b) g(h(0))
h(0) = 0
g(h(0)) = 0
c) g(h(2)) = g(2) = (2)6 + 2(2)3
= 64 + 16 = 80
 QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
Determine the equation of the quadratic function which passes
through the points (0,10), (1, 6) and (-2, 24)
(0, 10), (1, 6) and (-2, 24)

f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

For (0, 10): 10 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c  c = 10

For (1, 6): 6 = a(1)2 + b(1) + c  a+b+c=6 eq1

For (-2, 24): 24 = a(-2)2 + b(-2) + c  4a – 2b + c = 24 ……

eq2
Putting c = 10 in the equations
a + b + 10 = 6  a+b=–4
………eq3
4a – 2b + 10 = 24  4a – 2b
= 14 ………eq4
Multiply eq3 by 2 and add in eq4
2a + 2b = – 8
4a – 2b = 14
6a =6
a=1
Put a = 1 in eq3
1+b=–4 b=–5
therefore a = 1, b = – 5, c =
10…………………verify
Hence the quadratic function is
f(x) = x2 – 5x + 10
 Question 35

Determine the equation of the quadratic function which

passes through the points (1, – 1), (– 3, – 33) and (2, – 8)

Solve Yourself