Scribd
Upload
14 views

ES - AVR Programming in C - SecondPPts

This document discusses I/O programming concepts in C for AVR microcontrollers. It covers accessing individual port pins through bitwise operations, converting between BCD, ASCII and packed data formats, serializing data transmission through a single pin, and memory allocation in AVR chips.

Uploaded by

topmotivezz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

ES - AVR Programming in C - SecondPPts

This document discusses I/O programming concepts in C for AVR microcontrollers. It covers accessing individual port pins through bitwise operations, converting between BCD, ASCII and packed data formats, serializing data transmission through a single pin, and memory allocation in AVR chips.

Uploaded by

topmotivezz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

IO programming in C

I/O PROGRAMMING IN C
• In all mc/mp input/output operation is
possible through i/o ports.
• While performing i/o operation port registers
are to be accessed.
• In AVR all port registers are bit accessible or
byte accessible.
• So we can access port registes as byte size or
bit size.
Byte size I/O
Each port in AVR is associated with three
registers –DDRx,PORTx,PINx.
-suppose if we access port-B registers as
PORTB,PINB,DDRB.
Bit level I/O programming in C
• All i/o ports of AVR are bit accessible.
• A bit in the port can be addressed by specifying the bit
position after the name of the port separated with a “.”.
• Eg:-
• The second pin of portB can be addressed as PORTB.2.
• This feature does not supported by all c compilers.
• So use bit wise AND or OR operation to access a single
bit of a given register without disturbing the rest of the
byte.
DATA CONVERSION
PROGRAMMING IN C
BCD(BINARY CODED DECIMAL )NUMBERS

• It is the binary representation of decimal


numbers(0-9).
• Unpacked BCD
• Packed BCD
• Unpacked BCD requires one byte of memory or
an 8-bit register to represent a digit.
• Lower 4 bit represent BCD number and rest of the
bits are 0.
 On ASCII keyboards, when the “0” key is
activated, “0011 0000” (30H) is
provided to the computer.

 Similarly, 31H (0011 0001) is provided for the


“1” key.
Data conversion pgms in C
• Packed BCD to ASCII conversion
-the number is first converted to unpacked BCD
and then tagged with 30H
Eg:-
Convert 29H to ACSII
Packed BCD unpacked BCD ASCII
0x29 0x02,0x09 0x32,0x39
 The Real-Time Clock (RTC) provides the ti me o f day (hour, minute,
second) and the date (year, m o nt h , day) conti nuously, regardless o f
whether the power is on o r o ff .

 This data is provided in packed BCD.


Write an AVR C program to convert packed BCD 0x29 to

ASCII and display the bytes on PORTB and PORTC .


To convert packed BCD 0x42 to ASCII and display the bytes on
portB and port C
#include<avr/io.h>
main()
{
Unsigned char x,y;
Unsigned char mybyte=0x42;
DDRB=DDRC=0xFF;
x=mybyte & 0x0F;
PORTB=x | 0x30;
y=mybyte & 0xF0;
y=y>>4; //shift right to lower 4 bits
PORTC=y | 0x30
}
ASCII to packed BCD conversion
• To convert ASCII to packed BCD ,it is first
converted to unpacked BCD ,and then
combined the numbers to make packed BCD .
• Eg:procedure to convert ASCII of ‘4’ and ‘7’ to
packed BCD.
Pgm converting ASCII to packed BCD
#include<avr/io.h>
main()
{
Unsigned char bcdbyte;
Unsigned char x=‘5’;
Unsigned char y=‘7’;
DDRC=0xFF; // make portC o/p
x=x & 0x0F; //mask upper 4 bits
x=x << 4; //shift left to make upper BCD digit
y=y & 0x0F; //mask the upper 4 bit
bcdbyte=x | y;
PORTC=bcdbyte;

}
Serializing data
• It is the most widely used application of the
rotate instruction.
• It is a method of transmitting a byte of data as
one bit at a time through a single pin of MC.
Data serialization in C
-sending data in one bit at a time through single
pin is called serializing.
Two methods are used to transfer data serially.
1)Using serial port for data transfer
2)Serializing data (to transfer data one bit at a
time and control the sequence of data and
spaces b/w them.
Qn:-pgm to send the values 55H serially via port C pin 3 of portc.TheLSB should go first.
#include<avr/io.h>
Int main()
{
Unsigned char byte=0x55H;
Unsigned char regLSB;
Unsigned char x;
regLSB=byte;
DDRC=DDRC | (1<< 3);
For(x=0;x<8;x++)
{
If (regLSB & 0x01)
{
PORTC=PORTC | (1<<3);
}
Else
{
PORTC=PORTC & ~(1<<3);
}//end else
regLSB=regLSB >> 1;
}//end for loop
Return 0;
}
Memory allocation in C
• AVR has three spaces to store data as listed
below.
• 1.64 KB of SRAM(0000-FFFFH)
• 2.2M or 4M byte of code space (000000-
1FFFFFH)
• 3.EEPROM to save variables that should not be
lost when the power is off.
chip Pgmmemory SRAM EEPROM
Atmega 8 8K 256B 256B
Atmega 16 16K 1K 512B
Atmega 32 32K 2K 1K
Atmega 64 64K 4K 2K
Atmega 128 128 K 8K 4K

You might also like