Team Talk Paper 2

EXAM COACHING: 2023
PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER 2

APPROACH TO REVISION
What leaners must know:

• Formula sheet will be provided in the Exam;
• Which formulas are in the formula sheet and which ones are not(per topic);
• The need to copy the formula correctly from the formula sheet;
• Not to manipulate the formula before the substitution;
• Where marks will be awarded.
APPROACH TO CONSOLIDATION
1. Recap key concepts by probing questions to learners(Chalkboard Summary). Spend 15

minutes.
2. Project a question and allow learners to:
• Identify concepts assessed.
• Estimate marks they can obtain
• Give learners an opportunity to answer the question(s) within a specified timeframe;
3. Move around and observe/note any misconceptions/wrong procedures;
4. Use the remaining time to remediate, emphasizing/clarifying any misunderstanding;
5. Expose learners to all scenarios;
6. Allow learners to practice (Drill & Practice)
TECHNIQUES IN ANSWERING
QUESTIONS
Steps to follow when answering questions:

• Read the given information with understanding;
• Highlight key words that could help answer the questions;
• Read the questions “slowly” and thoroughly;
• Recall the procedure or formula to be used;
• Solve the problem, while managing time;
• Check if your answer make sense and relates to what is being asked;
• Update the given information.
ENGINEERING OF CONCEPTS
How to go about:
• Identify concepts assessed from a particular question;
• Recall all concepts related to that particular scenario;
• Extend by adding more questions on concepts not assessed on that particular
question;
N.B. All that you need for revision purpose is a scenario(Question
statement).
QUESTION VERBS
Question verbs are important because they determine the type of

answer that the examiner wants so as to give marks.
1. Identify – name something represented by a symbol or numer
2. Define – give a meaning of something
3. Explain – start by defining, from there you give details about what you
have defined.
4. State – mention information without discussing it
5. Describe – give details of something
STEPS IN ANSWERING MCQ
1. Spend some seconds on the question (THE STEM) before reading the
alternatives answers.
2. Predict the correct answer before you look at the choices.
3. Narrow the Field/Eliminate/Remove distracters one by one. You must use
subject knowledge to eliminate the wrong answers.
4. After elimination, you must have a reason to accept the remaining answer.
5. If you are not sure about your answer, DO NOT leave a blank space.
6. Rather guess the answer, in case you get time, return to that question.
SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS
• Source based are questions on a source of information.

• The answers to these questions are found from the given source or
material.
• Source based questions usually require learners to write down, define,
name, identify, etc.
• In the NSC Physical Science Examinations common sources are tables,
flow diagrams or, graphs.
• There are four common steps for answering all source-based questions.
However, they differ in terms of the sources and what the Examiners want
you to do.
APPROACH TO SOURCE BASED
QUESTIONS
1. Read the given source carefully and identify its main points or contents or
message of aspect of life or aspect of the subject.
2. Create your own interpretation of the source and link it to a particular part of
what you have studied.
3. Read the questions based on the given source carefully linking them to
what you noted when you were reading the source.
4. Start answering the questions using evidence from the given source. Where
possible cite the words from the source.
N.B. The skill of answering source based questions is necessary because
Examiners have mentioned that many learners fail to respond to questions
based on tables.
CALCULATION QUESTIONS
• These are questions which require that a candidate answer the question by
performing a mathematical operation to arrive at the correct answer.
• Calculation questions are designed to test the ability to add, subtract, divide
and multiply accurately (this includes the calculation of percentages).
• In Chemistry, calculations are not basic but they require the learners to
solve Mathematical problems.
NOMENCLATURE
What to emphasize:
1. DEFINITIONS: Homologous series; Functional group; Structural ISOMERS (3 types);
Hydrocarbons; Un-saturated / Saturated Hydrocarbons.
2. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: from Alkanes to Ketones (their structural formulae; IUPAC names;
functional groups (structural formulae)) Writing Structural/Condensed Structural & Molecular
FORMULAE; General formulae (for hydrocarbons).
3. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
4. ISOMERISM: Structural Isomers; Positional; Chain and Functional Isomers (Carboxylic acid –
Esters & Ketones – Aldehydes) IUPAC naming (from Structure to Name, and from Name to Structure
5. TYPES OF REACTIONS
6. Mastering of the rules is the basis of IUPAC naming and drawing of structural formulae.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(VARIABLES & IMF)
1. DEFINITIONS: Boiling Point; Vapour pressure; Melting point

2. INVESTIGATIVE questions; What is the relationship between ………..and
………….? Hypothesis & Conclusion: increase/decrease in ……(independent
Variable) increases/decreases …………(dependent variable).
3. EXPLANATIONS:
• SAME functional group compared : (Structure; Type/Strength of IMF; Energy)
• DIFFERENT functional group compared : (compare TYPES of IMF in each
compound & Energy involved).
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. DESCRIPTIONS: Oxidation ( Exothermic) including BALANCING;

2. REACTIONS DIFFER:
• Addition (double – single)
• Substitution (single – single)
• Elimination (single – double)
• Balancing Combustion/ Oxidation reactions
• ADDING or ELIMINATING following the principles
3. REACTION CONDITIONS:
NATIONAL ANTHEM(BP,VP,MP)
1) Write the NAME of the intermolecular force for each compound

2) Choose between Van Der Waals forces and Hydrogen Bond
3) State Which Substance has a stronger force than the other
4) Give a reason for the statement in point 3 The reason will depend on the
INDEPENDENT variable (Functional group, Greater molecular mass, greater
surface area or more polar)
5) State that more energy is needed to overcome the stronger force.
RATE & EXTENT OF REACTIONS
1. DEFINITIONS: Reaction Rate; Activation energy; Catalyst.

2. CALCULATIONS: Reaction rate
3. GRAPHS: ( Exothermic/ Endothermic; Rates (reactants & products change &
Collision theory); and EFFECT of changing the factors on Reaction rates.
4. INVESTIGATIVE QUESTIONS:
5. EXPLANATIONS: Factors affecting Reaction rates ( x4 factors); fair experiments.
6. COLLISION THEORY: Maxwell Boltzmann curve (Catalyst; Temperature,
Concentration & State of division/ Surface area).
• Bullet-explanations encouraged.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
1. DEFINITIONS: CLOSED System; Reversible reaction; Chemical

Equilibrium; Le Chatelier’s principle
2. CALCULATIONS: Number of moles (if given mass; volume or particles);
Kc expression & Kc value Calculations; initial moles/ mass. TABLE
PRINCIPLE on Usage of RATIO; CHANGE on reactants and Products;
DIVIDE/MULTIPLY by VOLUME given at equilibrium).
3. EXPLANATIONS: Kc & Temperature change; Application of Le Chatelier’s
principle (thus the CAUSE; reaction FAVOURED; EFFECT on
products/reactants).
4. GRAPHS: x 2 ( on Rates & Concentrations/moles vs time).
NATIONAL ANTHEM
The 4-step layout for applying le Chatelier’s Principle

1. Identify the change
2. Apply le Chatelier’ Principle(indicate the action of the system on the
disturbance)
3. Explanation(indicate how the system will oppose the disturbance)
4. Conclusion(indicate what the result of the action will be on the system)
ACIDS & BASES
1. DEFINITIONS: Bronsted-Lowry or Arhennius models; Strong Acid/Base;

Concentrated Acid/Base; Hydrolysis; Mono/Diprotic Acid; Ampholyte
2. IDENTIFICATIONS: Conjugate Acid-Base pairs; Ampholytes
3. CALCULATIONS:
• Stoichiometry (moles; mass; usage of mole-ratio in balanced equations);
• Neutralisations ( CaVa : na )
• pH calculations (of acid or a base)
4. INDICATORS in Neutralisation
5. HYDROLYSIS (reaction of salt and water)
GALVANIC CELL
1. ENERGY CONVERSION;
2. DEFINITIONS (Reduction/Oxidation/ RA/ OA in terms of electron transfer or oxidation
numbers; electrolyte) Salt Bridge functions; Standard Conditions (Conc; temp & pres( in gaseous
cells));
3. IDENTIFICATION of Anode/Cathode (using REDUCTION TABLE)
4. USAGE OF THE REDUCTION TABLE: Oxidation; Reduction; Reducing Agents/Ability;
Oxidising Agents/Ability INCLUDING Explanations thereof.
5. HALF Reactions (Oxidation – REVERSE Reaction & Reduction – FORWARD Reaction) ;
6. OVERALL reactions;
7. CELL NOTATION (including Gaseous electrode with Pt) & meaning of symbols.
8. Emf Calculations
GALVANIC CELL
1. IONS Movement (in the Salt Bridge (Anions to Anode half-cell & Cations to
Cathode half-cell;… and in the External circuit (electrons move from Anode to
Cathode);
2. EXPLANATIONS (Emf vs change in Concentrations of Anode/ Cathode
electrolytes); Reducing and Oxidising abilities Emf = 0V if the cell reaches
EQUILIBRIUM (Flat-Cell) or rate of oxidation is equal to the rate of reduction.
3. STOICHIOMETRIC Calculations (gained mass on Cathode or Lost mass on
Anode or Number of electrons gained/Lost).
4. EFFECT ON emf while the cell is in operation: Conc of electrolyte in cathode half-
cell is directly proportional to the Emf, and Conc of electrolyte in anode half-cell is
inversely proportional to the Emf.
ELECTROLYTIC CELL
1. ENERGY CONVERSION; EXOTHERMIC; non-spontaneous

2. DEFINITIONS: Electrolyte; Electrolysis; Electrolytic Cell
3. IDENTIFICATION of Anode/Cathode (using Polarity (+/- ) of electrodes); DC Source
(preferred to maintain the polarity of the electrodes).
4. HALF Reactions (reduction & oxidation);
5. OVERALL reactions.
6. EXPLANATIONS: Change in colour of solutions (in electrolysis of CuCl2); usage of DC
over AC; reactions at electrodes
7. EXPECTED PRODUCTS in the decomposition of CuCl2 and the one of NaCl in water,
as this will assist learner to choose the correct half reaction to get to the expected product.
ELECTROLYTIC CELL
1. Concentrations remaining the SAME (in electroplating & Purification of

Copper) – since the Rate of Oxidation at anode is equal to the Rate of
Reduction at Cathode;
2. Electrodes losing/Gaining mass;
3. OBSERVATIONS while the cell is in operation (loss or gain in mass); change
in colour of electrolytes
4. STOICHIOMETRIC Calculations (gained mass on Cathode or Lost mass on
Anode or Number of electrons gained/Lost) - mole ratio used in balanced
HALF- reactions.

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EXAM COACHING: 2023

PHYSICAL SCIENCES PAPER 2

What leaners must know:

1. Recap key concepts by probing questions to learners(Chalkboard Summary). Spend 15

Steps to follow when answering questions:

Question verbs are important because they determine the type of

• Source based are questions on a source of information.

1. DEFINITIONS: Boiling Point; Vapour pressure; Melting point

1. DESCRIPTIONS: Oxidation ( Exothermic) including BALANCING;

1) Write the NAME of the intermolecular force for each compound

1. DEFINITIONS: Reaction Rate; Activation energy; Catalyst.

1. DEFINITIONS: CLOSED System; Reversible reaction; Chemical

The 4-step layout for applying le Chatelier’s Principle

1. DEFINITIONS: Bronsted-Lowry or Arhennius models; Strong Acid/Base;

1. ENERGY CONVERSION; EXOTHERMIC; non-spontaneous

1. Concentrations remaining the SAME (in electroplating & Purification of

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