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    Pharmaceutical Inserts 2

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    Air Leigh
    Rectal and vaginal suppositories are solid dosage forms that are inserted into body orifices to exert local or systemic effects. [1] Suppositories come in various types for different orifices, such as rectal suppositories for constipation and vaginal suppositories for feminine hygiene. [2] Ideal suppository bases are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, melt at body temperature, and release drugs smoothly. [3] Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared through molding or compression and administered when oral drugs cannot be used or a local effect is needed.

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    Pharmaceutical Inserts 2

    Uploaded by

    Air Leigh
    6 views19 pages
    Rectal and vaginal suppositories are solid dosage forms that are inserted into body orifices to exert local or systemic effects. [1] Suppositories come in various types for different orifices, such as rectal suppositories for constipation and vaginal suppositories for feminine hygiene. [2] Ideal suppository bases are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, melt at body temperature, and release drugs smoothly. [3] Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared through molding or compression and administered when oral drugs cannot be used or a local effect is needed.

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    Rectal and vaginal suppositories are solid dosage forms that are inserted into body orifices to exert local or systemic effects. [1] Suppositories come in various types for different orifices, such as rectal suppositories for constipation and vaginal suppositories for feminine hygiene. [2] Ideal suppository bases are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, melt at body temperature, and release drugs smoothly. [3] Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared through molding or compression and administered when oral drugs cannot be used or a local effect is needed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views19 pages

    Pharmaceutical Inserts 2

    Uploaded by

    Air Leigh
    Rectal and vaginal suppositories are solid dosage forms that are inserted into body orifices to exert local or systemic effects. [1] Suppositories come in various types for different orifices, such as rectal suppositories for constipation and vaginal suppositories for feminine hygiene. [2] Ideal suppository bases are non-toxic, compatible with drugs, melt at body temperature, and release drugs smoothly. [3] Common bases include cocoa butter, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol. Suppositories are prepared through molding or compression and administered when oral drugs cannot be used or a local effect is needed.

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    PHARMACEUTICAL INSERTS

    Prepared by: Guada Marie O. Ruiz, RPh


    PHARMACEUTICAL INSERTS

    1.Suppositories

    2.Vaginal Inserts
    1. Suppositories

     solid dosage forms intended to be inserted in body orifices where they would melt & dissolve to exert their
    local or systemic effects
     From Latin word supponere means “to place under”
     Egyptians recorded is history as the first who utilized suppositories.

    Types of Suppositories and Local action:


     Rectal Suppositories – relieve constipation or pain, irritation, itching, inflammation associated with
    hemorrhoids.
     Vaginal Suppositories/ Pessaries- contraceptive, antiseptic in feminine hygiene.
     Urethral Suppositories/ Bougies – antibacterial or local anesthetic preparation for urethral examination.
    1.5 inch is the average size of adult suppositories.
    Reasons why suppositories are generally
    employed in therapeutics

    To promote defecation


    Introduce drugs into the body
    Treat anorectal disease
    Suppositories are administered when:

     A local effect is desired


     A systemic effect is desired
     A drug cannot be tolerated orally

    Suppositories when inserted into body cavities


     Melt
     Soften
     Dissolves
    Suppository Bases:

    1. Oleaginous Base (Fatty Base)


    2. Water-Soluble or Water-miscible Base
    3. Miscellaneous Bases
    Suppository Bases:

    1. Oleaginous Base (Fatty Base) b. Wecobee


    -the most frequently employed suppository - source from coconut

    a. Cocoa Butter, NF - roasted seeds of Theobroma Cocoa (fam. c. Witepsol


    Sterculiaceae)
    -saturated fatty acids
    -also known as Theobroma Oil
    - At room temperature – yellowish white solid
    d. Other examples:
    -melts at 30-36 degree C (86-97 F)
    -ideal suppository base
    -hydrogenated fatty acids of vegetable oils

    Exhibits marked polymorphism because of its triglyceride content Palm Kernel Oil
    Cottonseed Oil
    Theobromine- 3,7-dimethylxanthine -containing compounds of glycerin
    Caffeine- 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Pierre Robiquet) Palmitic Acid (Glyceryl monopalmitate)
    Theophylline- 1,3-dimethylxanthine Stearic Acid (Glyceryl monostearate)
    Suppository Bases:

    2. Water-Soluble or Water-miscible Base


    Precaution: Moisten the Tip of the Suppository to prevent mucosal irritation & to facilitate the smooth
    passage of suppository in the body-orifices.
    a. Glycerinated Gelatin
    - most frequently used in preparation of vaginal suppositories
    - slower to soften & mix w/ the physiologic fluids
    b. Polyethylene Glycols
    - polymers of ethylene oxide & water
    - do not melt at body temperature but rather dissolve slowly in the body’s fluid
    - for vaginal administration
    Suppository Bases:

    3. Miscellaneous Bases
    - generally combination of lipophilic & hydrophilic substances
    - mixtures of oleaginous & water-soluble or water- miscible materials

    Example:
    Polyoxyl 40 stearate
    a surface-active agent that is employed in a number of commercial suppository base
    General Specifications of an Ideal Suppository
    Base:

    1. Nontoxic & Non-irritating to mucous membranes


    2. Compatible with a variety of drugs
    3. Melts or dissolves in rectal fluids
    4. Stable on storage: Should not bind or otherwise interfere with release & absorption of drug substances
    5. Inert
    6. Should melt within body temperature
    Preparation of Suppositories:

    Reading assignment: Please read Ansel book 9th edition pages 318-323.
    Rectal Suppositories:
    Rectal Suppositories

     Route of administration is useful if the patient is unwilling


    or unable to take medication by mouth.
     not usually compressed as tablets unlike vaginal
    suppositories
     relieves constipation
    Vaginal Inserts/ Vaginal Tablets

     are uncoated, cone, bullet-shaped, or ovoid (egg-formed) inserter into the vagina for local
    effects
     prepared by compression & shaped to fit smugly on “Plastic Inserter “devices that
    accompany the product
    Glycerinated gelatin
    - most frequently used base in the preparation of vaginal suppositories where the
    prolonged localized action of the medicinal agent.
    - require lubrication before pouring the liquid based into the suppository mold
    Polyethylene glycol
    -suppository base for vaginal administration

    Methods: Direct Compression


    contains: Antimicrobial Agent
    Alginic Acid a compound that promotes slow release of morphine suppositories.
    Morphine is isolated by a German pharmacist Friedrich Sertuner
    Glycerine suppositories are solidified by Sodium stearate
    Thank You! 

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