Emotion

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 25

Medical Psychology for

Nursing
Emotion

• Lecturer assistant: Ahmed Mishal


Emotion

Are feelings (or affects) states


that involve a pattern of
cognitive, physiological, and
behavioural reactions to events.
The nature of emotions:
Emotional states share four common features:

1. Emotions are triggered by external or internal eliciting stimuli.

2. Emotional responses result from our appraisals of these stimuli, which give the
situation its perceived meaning and significance.

3. Our bodies respond physiologically to our appraisals.

4. Emotions include behaviour tendencies.


Types of emotions

Mixed emotions: are those


Primary emotions: it is
feeling which combine a
generally only one
number of primary
emotion, e.g. fear,
emotions, e.g. love, awe,
sadness, disgust, anger,
disappointment, remorse,
anticipation, joy, and
contempt, aggression and
acceptance.
optimism.
Theories of emotions:
James – Lange theory of (felt emotion is the perception of bodily changes): this
theory proposed the following sequence of events in emotional states:

1. Person perceives the situation will produce emotion.

2. Person reacts to this situation.

3. Person notices his reaction.


Cannon – Bard theory
(felt emotion and bodily responses are independent
events) An emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers:
1. Physiological responses
2. Subjective experience of emotion.
Schachter – Singer theory

(a cognitive appraisal theory):

The belief that emotions are determined jointly


by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal
and its interpretation, based on environmental
cues.
Perspectives on emotions
1. In the everyday sense, it is the subjective experience of emotion that
seems to be most important to people.

2. Emotion has its behavioural aspects. It prepares us for action.

3. Physiological changes are involved in emotion.

4. Emotion involves cognition, thought and emotion being intertwined.

5. Emotion occurs in a context that is usually social, although it is possible


to experience emotion when alone.
Measurement of emotions

Emotions are difficult to be


analyzed objectively but
effects of emotions on
behaviour can be
measured by:
1. Introspective reports: it is possible to identify and even quantify
emotions by the introspective report of the individual.

2. Observations of facial expressions: face is the index of the mind.


The nonverbal communications in the form of looks, gestures and
bodily positions provide a clue to identify various emotional
states.

3. Measurement of physiological changes in emotion: emotions


are always accompanied by physical changes in an organism. Some
of these changes are easily observable and others internal
changes need special instruments for their proper measurement
(e.g. EEG).
States of emotions:
1. Positive Emotions: 2. Negative emotions:
Love. Anger

Laughter. Fear

Hope. Sadness

Optimism Boredom

Self-confidence guilt
Control of patients emotions

When the first come into contact with a


patient, he/she will respond to whatever
message that nurse or anyone give
through the tone of the nurse‘s voice
and body language. Therefore, nurse
should know the following to control of
emotions in the patients:
1. Help the patient feel welcome and ease: give a warm
welcome to the patient.

2. Understand patient‘s negative emotions: patient is


tense, irritable and unbalanced, therefore, the nurses
have to be very patient, mature and balanced in their
behaviour towards the patients.

3. Promote positive feeling: the nurse has to substitute


the negative emotions of the patient by the positive
thoughts. Nurses should try to eliminate fear, anger,
worry...etc, and resentment from them and their patients.
Cont…

4. Develop empathy: it will helpful, if the nurse


develops empathy with the patient. Empathy
means understanding the patient‘s situation,
feeling and motives.

5. Psychosomatic illness: patient with a


psychosomatic illness may need more of the
nurse‘s time, patience and attention.
Nervous system and emotions:

Among the most likely physiological reaction that


may occur, which are associated with activation of
the autonomic nervous system are the following:
• 1.Change in the rate and depth of breathing.
• 2.Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
• 3.Dilation of pupils of the eyes, allowing more
light to enter and thereby increasing visual
sensitivity.
4. Increased the sweating and decreased secretion of saliva. Since
increased sweating will help person to rid him/herself of excess heat
developed by any emergency activity in which person engage.

5. Production of more energy.

6. Increase in blood sugar.

7. Increased mobility of gastrointestinal tract.

8. Erect hair on the skin.

9. Change in the frequency of the brain waves.


10.Muscular tensions and tremors.
Anger
is an emotion. It is a signal that we think we
are being treated unfairly. Feeling angry is
part of being human. It is a natural response
to being attacked, insulted, deceived or
frustrated. When something makes person
angry, adrenalin causes the body to prepare
for ‗fight or flight‘, giving the person energy
and making him feel tense.
Deal with anger and act in healthy
ways

Recognize anger - know when you are


angry and what makes you angry.

2. Practice positive responses - practice,


practice, practice until your new positive
responses become good habits.
Symptoms of Anger
1. Physical signs 2. Mental Signs
• Fast heart beat • Problems concentrating
• Sweating
• Shaking • Confusion
• Clenched jaws
• Memory problems
• Clenched fists
• Fast breathing • Thoughts of doing harm
• Headaches Angry thoughts
• Stomach aches
• Upset feeling in the stomach
• Irritability
• Tight chest • Short tempered
• Tense muscles
• Frowning, scowling
• Red face
Symptoms of Anger

3. Other signs Yelling


Swearing

Withdrawing from others

Throwing things

Pacing
When is anger a problem?

Anger becomes a problem when it harms


person or people around him. This can
depend on whether person express his
anger, and how he expresses it. If you
cannot express your anger in a safe or
constructive way, this can be bad for your
emotional, mental and physical health. It
might lead to:
When is anger a problem?
• depression or anxiety It might also affect your:
• digestion – contributing to the
• sleep problems development of heartburn, ulcers,
colitis, gastritis or irritable bowel
syndrome
• alcohol or drug addictions

• eating disorders • heart and circulatory system

• compulsive behaviour e.g. excessive


cleaning, overworking
• blood pressure – driving it too
high.
• self-harm.
List of Ways to Cope with Anger
Walk away

Exercise

Talk to someone who you are not feeling angry

Distract yourself

Count 10 breaths

Write about it

Come back and deal with it later when you feel calm

You might also like