Manufacturing of primer and oil paint

Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpur Agra From Dr. APJ
Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow Utter pradesh

Summited to
Summited by
Dr. Mohit Nigam sir
Israil
(professor)
Roll no.
RBS Eng. Technical Campus
2000040510012
Bichpuri Agra
 CONTEN
T

1)Introduction
2)History
3)Testing
4) Key Raw material of manufacturing paint
5)Manufacturing process of primer and oil paint
6)Types of paints
7)Types of solvent
8) Types of pigments and additives
9)Used equipment for manufacturing paint
 INTRODUCTION
It is used for priming or making putty.
Oil-based mixed paint is made by
grinding drying oil and pigment
together and adding in drying agent and
solvent. With strong adhesion, the film
is less likely to peel or flake, with less
cracking or powering and durable in
use. But it dries slowly and is soft.
HISTO
RY
 HISTORY
 According to research, oil painting originated in ancient India’s Bamiyan region, where early
Buddhist artisans painted a cave complex located in present-day Afghanistan during the 7th century.
Discoveries were made in some 50 caves with scenes from the Buddha's life painted on them, 12 of
which used oil-based paints with walnut and poppy seed oils as the binding medium for ground-up
mineral pigments.
Some 900 years later, in the 15th century, oil painting reached Europe, where artists quickly adopted it.
Although the oil painting technique reached Europe 900 years later, the subsequent innovations in oil
painting techniques were driven by European artists.

Bamya Cave oil painting

 Testing
1) Viscosity measurement

The Ford viscosity cup is a simple gravity device that

permits the timed flow of a known volume of liquid
passing through an orifice located at the bottom.
2) Gravity measurement

A hydrometer or lactometer is an instrument used for measuring density

or relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are
typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as
specific gravity.
3)Specific Gravity cups
The Specific Gravity Cups which are made of robust
aluminum or stainless steel with 3 different
specifications, 50cc/1000cc/83.3cc (US gallon). The
manufacturing accuracy of Specific Gravity Cups is +-0.2
under the room temperature
4) Dry time

Waiting 24 hours is best for oil-based

paint and primer.
5) colour
As per requirement customer
6) Flash point
the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in
sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the
surface of the liquid. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite a liquid
solvent.
7) odour- pleasent

8)Finish-smooth ( as per requirement customer)

 Testing for scratch test
1) salt spray test
Salt spray testing is a method of checking the corrosion resistance of coatings and materials used
to manufacture products such as fasteners. During salt spray testing, an accelerated corrosive
attack is produced in order to better predict how well the coating protects the metal.
 Film thickness test
1)Wet film comb thickness guages
A wet film comb, also known as a wet film thickness gauge, measures wet film thickness. The
Elcometer Wet Film Combs are easy to use and are available in a variety of scales, ranging from
20µm to 3000µm and a variety of materials, including: stainless steel, aluminium and plastic to
meet different film thickness needs. All wet film thickness gauges are machined by high
precision CNC with less than 3 micron devitation .They come standard with 10 gaps with
inscription of the thickness at the side of each gap.
 Rolling wheel wet film thickness
A wet film wheel has two outer wheels which rest on the substrate, and a smaller central wheel which is
eccentric relative to the outer wheels.
By rolling the gauge through a wet coating, the central wheel eventually touches the film. This point on
the scale indicates the thickness.
In addition to the standard wheels, Elcometer also offers a number of wet film wheels specifically
designed for in line wet film measurements.
 Cross hatch cutter
 The Cross Hatch Cutter is a multi-blade cutting tool which enables an
assessment to be made of the adhesion resistance of coatings to separation
from substrates. The coating thickness determines the Cross Hatch Cutter size
used. The 1mm Cross Hatch Cutter is suitable for coatings under 60 microns.
 Fineness of grid guages
 The Fineness of Grind Gage is used to indicate the fineness of grind or the
presence of coarse particles or agglomerates in a dispersion. It does not
determine particle size or particle size distribution.
 Hiding power test board
 Hiding Power Test Board is a glass board which is printed 16 white
squares and 16 black squares. Every square size is 25mm×25mm. It is
used to check the hiding power of paints.
 Dry film thickness gauges
Dry film thickness (DFT) can be measured using two methods: destructive thickness measurement,
where the coating is cut to the substrate using a cutter; and non-destructive coating thickness
measurement, using techniques which do not damage the coating or the substrate such as magnetic,
magnetic induction and eddy current thickness measurement methods.

Dry film thickness (DFT) or coating thickness is arguably the single most important measurement made
during the application and inspection of protective coatings. Coatings are designed to perform their
intended function when applied within the DFT range as specified by the manufacturer. A dry film
thickness (DFT) gauge often referred to as a coating thickness gauge, can be used to measure the
thickness of any of these coatings when dry. Measuring dry film thickness is important when assessing
cost, quality and service life of the coating.
 Mar resistance tester

Mar resistance tester operating is very similar to scratch

resistance test, but this kind of test employs an arc-shaped
stylus (loop-shaped or ring-shaped) to test the coating
resistance. The test is performed by moving the sample under
the stylus which is mounted at 45°.
 Raw material
 1 pigments (titanium dioxide, zinc oxide etc)
 2) solvents(mineral turpentine )
 3) resins (binders)
 4) additives

Epoxy resin
titanium dioxide mineral turpentine
 Manufacturing process of primer and oil paint

. Synthetic paint primer contains some materials and ingredients that are long oil alkyd resin and short
oil alkyd resin using for binder in the mixture, bentonite, soy lecithin, toluene, wetting agent ,
antifoam agent using for vutting foam during process, calcite, talc, pigment powder or pigment paste
to win color and etc.
oil colours are made by mixing dry powder pigments with selected refined linseed oil to a stiff paste
consistency and grinding it by strong friction in steel roller mills. The consistency of the colour is
important. The standard is a smooth, buttery paste, not stringy or long or tacky.
 Types of paint

 1) dispersion paint
 2)paint sheen
 3)acrylic paint
 4)distemper
 5) bituminous paint
 6) vitreous enamel
 7)cement
 8)emulsion
Chemical group Example of compounds Examples of main resources
and occupational use

Types of solvents
Aliphatic hydrocarbon N-hexane Paints , lacquers ,varnishes ,
glue and printing.

Aromatic hydrocarbon Toluene , styrene and xylene Paints , fuel oil , cleaning
agent , paint thinner and
polyester resin paint.

Chlorinated hydrocarbon Trichloroethylene, Adhesive , paint removal ,

perchloroethylene and textile industry and varnish
methylene chloride removing.

Alcohol and glycol Methanol ,ethanol, propanol Solvents and detergent.

and butanol

Ketone and ester Methyl ethyl ketone and Adhesive ,dye , paints ,
ethyl acetate coating and paint stripping.
PIGMENTS
 Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the colour of reflected or transmitted light as the
result of wavelength-selective absorption. In other words, it’s a substance that
appears a certain colour because it selectively absorbs certain wavelength of light.

The primary purpose to use pigments is to provide colour to materials, whether they
are textiles or paints. Some people often consider pigments and dyes to be the same
but they’re quite different. The major difference between the both is in terms of
their solubility.

While a dye can dissolve by itself in a liquid, pigments can be dissolved in a liquid with
the help of a binder. Dyes are primarily applied in the textile and paper industry,
pigments are used in industries such as colouring paints, inks, cosmetics, and plastics.
 Types of pigments

1) Ochre pigment
this pigment is a natural clay earth pigment, varying amount
of clay and sand it range in colour from yellow to deep
orange or brown it is also name produced by this pigment ,
especially a light brownish yellow

2)Cadmium pigments
Cadmium pigments are a class of pigments that
contain cadmium. Most of the cadmium produced
worldwide has been for use in rechargeable
nickel–cadmium batteries, which have been
replaced by other
Cadmium yellow, Pigment Yellow 37. CI 77199.
Gives good quality light fastness in full shades.
3) Umber pigment
Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese
oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary between shades of yellow, red,
and green. Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to
humans.

4)Prussian blue pigment

Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment produced by oxidation of ferrous

ferrocyanide salts. It has the chemical formula Feᴵᴵᴵ ₄[Feᴵᴵ ₆] ₃. Turnbull's blue is
chemically identical, but is made from different reagents, and its slightly
different color stems from different impurities and particle sizes.

5) Chromium (iii) oxide

Chromium(III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr ₂O ₃. It is

one of the principal oxides of chromium and is used as a pigment. In nature, it
occurs as the rare mineral eskolaite.
 BLACK CARBON

Carbon black is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter,
or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a
limited supply of air .large quantities of Carbon Black are used for coloring and reinforcing
automobile tires. Iron (II) Oxide (FeO) is inorganic black pigment.
 Additives
 Additives comprise emulsifiers, speciality additives, deformers, wetting &
dispersing agents, thicker & anti-setting agents, effluent treatment additives,
etc. However, the utilization of additives is the key to intensifying and
increasing the product's added value.
 RASIN
Resin – the binder to hold the pigment particles together and provide
adhesion to the surface painted. Waterborne paints most often use
acrylic emulsion polymers as binders. These come in a wide variety of
types and combinations.
 Grinding ball mill
One machine that is heavily used for crushing and grinding tasks is the ball mill. This
machine is described as a grinding device, capable to crush and transform large hard
materials into fine powder. A ball mill is a cylindrical machine, generally used for
mashing and crushing paints, ceramic materials, ores, and other hard materials. By
rotating on horizontal axis, the ball mill effectively turns hard materials into fine
powder. There are different ball mills on the market, but all of them use the same
working principle and are consisted of the same elements. For example, grinding
materials can be found in every ball mill.
 Attritor mill

An attritor mill, also known as a stirred mill, is a type of mill used for
grinding and mixing materials such as chemicals, ores, pyrotechnics,
paints, and ceramics. It consists of a vertical vessel with a central shaft
and impellers that stir the media in a specific pattern
 Filling paint machine

 Introduction: The Automatic Paint Filling machines provides filling equipment

for water-based emulsions, enamels, distempers, putty, and other metallic
paints. The filling machinery is based on the volume or weight that needs to
be packed, as well as the required production capacity.
 THANK
YOU