PRESENTED BY

DR. SHAILJA SHARDA

MDS – I
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS, CROWN AND BRIDGE
BHARATI VIDYAPEETH DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY

ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS

DEFINITION

Elastomeric impression material :

Elastomer : A polymer that has a
A group of flexible chemical
glass transition temperature that is
polymers that are either chemically
below its service temperature
or physically cross-linked;
(usually room temperature); these
generally, they can be easily
materials are characterized by low
stretched and rapidly recover their
stiffness and extremely large elastic
original dimensions when applied
strains.
stresses are released.
 First elastomeric impression Polyether impression material Latest addition and light cure
material - Polysulfide developed in Germany. elastomers.

1955 1970s 1990–2000

1950s 1960s 1988

Addition silicone was New auto devices and delivery

Condensation silicone introduced as a dental systems.
impression material.

DEVELOPMENT
IDEAL REQUISITES

Able to transform (set)

Resistant to distortion
into a rubbery or rigid
Sufficiently fluid to Viscous enough to be or tearing when
solid in the mouth in a
adapt to the oral tissues contained in a tray removed from the
reasonable time (less
mouth,
than 7 min).

Cost-effective in terms
Dimensionally stable
of time as well as the
long enough to allow
Biocompatible expense of the
one or more casts to be
associated processing
poured.
equipment.
  1) Impression material for all applications including

- Fixed partial dentures

CLINICAL - Dentulous and edentulous impressions

APPLICATION  2) Border moulding of special trays(polyether)

 3) Bite registration
 4) As duplicating material for refractory casts
INTRODUCTION TO ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS

Elastomers are rubber like

materials with long chained Accepted in dentistry to
Also called as Rubber Base polymers, slightly crosslinked overcome 2 main problems
Impression materials. & coiled having glass associated with
transition temperature much Hydrocolloids :
lower than room temperatures.

Poor tear resistance Poor dimensional stability

 Elastomers are of 3 types
1) POLYSULPHIDE
2) SILICONES :
ELASTOMERIC a) Addition Silicones
IMPRESSION
MATERIALS b) Condensation Silicones.
3) POLYETHERS :
a) Light activated polyethers.
b) Chemically activated polyethers.
 POLYSULPHIDES

First elastomeric Alternate names: a) Thiokol impression b) Mercaptan impression

impression material to be material (By the name material (by chemistry)
introduced. of first manufacturer)

c) Vulcanizing Viscosities – light, Commercial

impression material (by medium, heavy. names - permlastic, coe-
processing terminology). flex, omniflex.
COMPOSITION

THE BASE
Polysulphide polymer (-SH, mercaptan group) Principal ingredient
Titanium oxide and zinc Fillers
Sulphate, copper carbonate or silica Strengthener
Dibutyl pthalate Plasticizer
THE ACCELERATOR
Lead dioxide Reactor, gives it characteristic brown colour
Sulphur Promoter, accelerates the reaction
Oleic acid or Stearic acid Reactor, controls setting reaction
PROPERTIES

2) Bad odor due to lead

1) Non toxic, non 3) Easy to disinfect
BIOLOGICAL: dioxide & Mercaptan
poisonous. (glutaraldehyde)
group.

1) Available in variety
of viscosities (Low,
RHEOLOGICAL 2) Working time = 3-6 3) Setting time = 10-20
Medium, Heavy in
PROPERTIES: min min.
increasing order of
filler content)
PROPERTIES

2) Elastic recovery
MECHANICAL 1) Highly flexible of all
improves with time 3) High tear strength.
PROPERTIES: the elastomers.
(viscoelasticity).

4) Not dimensionally
stable. Curing shrinkage
5) Hardness increases by
– high and continues Hydrophobic.
increasing filler content.
after setting ; highest
permanent deformation.
ADVANTAGES

1) LONGER 2) HIGHEST 3) HIGHEST TEAR

WORKING TIME. FLEXIBILITY. STRENGTH.

4) CAN BE 5) LONG SHELF LIFE. 6) INEXPENSIVE AS

ELECTROPLATED COMPARED TO
WITH SILVER. OTHER
ELASTOMERS.
DISADVANTAGES

3) Dimensional
1) Unpleasant 2) Long setting
change due to loss
odour and taste. time.
of by-product.

5) Multiple die
4) Cloth staining. pouring not
accurate.
POLYETHER

 Polyether was introduced in Germany in 1960.

 Commercial names are, Impregum, Remitec, Polyjel etc.
 Polyether is available in 3 viscosities (Light, Regular and heavy body)
 Dispensed as 3 paste system
 1) Base paste.
 2) Reactor/Accelerator paste.
 3) Modifier (thinner) paste.
 BASE

Polyether polymer Cross-linked to form rubber

Colloidal silica Acts as filler

Glycol (ether) or pthalate Plasticizer COMPOSITION

ACCELERATOR

Alkyl aromatic sulfonate Initiates cross-linking

Colloidal silica Filler

Pthalate Plasticizer
 BIOLOGICAL:

1) Nontoxic, Non poisonous.

2) Pleasant Odor and Colour

3) Can cause irritation due to presence of aromatic sulphonic acid catalyst in

reactor paste.
PROPERTIES 4) Can cause hypersensitivity in some patients due to presence of ethylene
imine rings in base paste.
RHEOLOGICAL:

1) Available in 3 consistencies (L,R & Heavy body)

2) Flow after 1 hour is < 0.03%

 2) Permanent
1) Elastic recovery 3) Flexibility is
deformation
=98.9% low (3%)
is 0.8-1.6%

5) Working time is
MECHANICAL 4) Mixing time is 2 minutes; Setting
6)hydrophilic
PROPERTIES 45 sec to 1 minute. time is 6-
8 minutes.

7) Good a) Addition b) Less

dimensional polymerization polymerization
stability due to reaction. shrinkage.
ADVANTAGES

Good pseudoplastic
properties i.e. same
Less polymerization
mixture can be used as Dimensionally stable. No by product formed.
shrinkage.
tray as well as syringe
material.

Cast pouring can be

Pour more accurate Multiple cast pouring
delayed for few hours, Long shelf life.
casts. is possible.
even a week.
DISADVANTAGES

Very expensive
when Catalyst can be
Low tear Electroplating
compared with High stiffness. sensitive to
strength. not easy.
other some patients.
elastomers.
LIGHT ACTIVATED
POLYETHER INGREDIENT FUNCTION

 It was introduced in Urethane dimethacrylate Visible light curing

1988. elastomer resin polyether
 Available in 2
viscosities. Champhoroquinone Photoiniator
Light body supplied in
syringes. Dimethyl amino ethyl
Photoaccelerator
methacrylate
Heavy body supplied as
tubes Silicon dioxide Fillers
PROPERTIES

It has operator
Infinite working
Excellent elasticity. control over the
time.
polymerization.

Low volume
Impression can be
Short setting time. shrinkage on
stored upto 2 weeks.
setting.
CONDENSATION SILICONE
INTRODUCTION

First type of silicone Also known as RTV

material ; also known silicone (room
Available as : - Two- paste system
as conventional temperature
silicone. vulcanization silicone)

- Base paste(larger)
Viscosities - light, Commerical names
and catalyst - Two putty system.
medium, putty. - Sil 21, coltex
paste (smaller tube)
COMPOSITION

BASE CATALYST
• Polydimethyl siloxane - undergoes cross linking • Tetra ethyl alkyl silicates
to form rubber
• Stannous octoate
• Colloidal silica – filler

• Colour pigments
SETTING REACTION

Dimethyl siloxane Silicone rubber

+ +
Orthoethyl silicate Ethyl alcohol
PROPERTIES

Biological : non- pleasant color and Stiffer than

Mechanical:
toxic. odor. plosulfide.

Dimensional
Setting time: 6-9
stability: poor due
Hydrophobic mins, mixing
to loss of by-
time: 45s
product.
ADDITION SILICONE
INTRODUCTION

Also called polyvinyl

Available in four Supplied as- tubes
siloxane or vinyl
They have better viscosities : Light Commercial names- (base& catalyst),
poly-siloxane
properties than bodied, medium reprosil, provil, cartridges form with
impression material,
condensation silicone. bodied , heavy bodied president. static mixing tips,
most widely used
and putty. Putty jars
elastomer.
COMPOSITION

BASE ACCELERATOR

• Polymethylhydrosiloxane • Divinylpolysiloxane
• Divinylpolysiloxane • Platinum
• Fillers • Fillers
• Palladium
SETTING REACTION

No reaction byproduct unlike condensation silicone

Residual polymethylsiloxane can undergo secondary reaction with each other or with moisture
and produce hydrogen gas

They do not affect the dimensional stability ; but can cause pinpoint voids in the gypsum casts

Palladium is added in the catalyst paste which acts as hydrogen scavenger.

PROPERTIES

Biological: avoid
skin contact, can Plesant odor
Mechanical:
cause allergic & color.
reaction.

Hydrophobic, added Setting time: 5-9

Best dimensional
surfactant makes it mins, mixing time:
stability.
hydrophilic. 45s
MAKING
IMPRESSIONS
 STEPS IN MAKING
IMPRESSION :

01 02 03 04 05 06
Preparing a Managing Preparing Making an Removing Preparing
tray tissue the material impression the stone casts
impression and dies
IMPRESSION TRAYS

Prior to making an
Custom tray allows
Addition silicone doesn’t impression uniform
Stock tray or custom tray uniform distribution of
need custom tray, thickness of tray
can be used to record material between the tray
disposable stock tray can adhesive is applied on
impression and the object that
be used the tray and allowed to
improves accuracy
dry
 3 types of systems are available to mix
catalyst and base thoroughly.
MIXING
SYSTEMS 1. Hand mixing system.

2. Static mixing system.

3. Dynamic mechanical mixing

system.
 HAND MIXING SYSTEM

1. Impression 2. Equal lengths of

3. Initial mixing is
pastes are catalyst and base
accomplished with
dispensed from paste are dispensed
a circular motion.
collapsible tubes. on a paper pad.

4. Final mixing is 6. Mixing is readily

5. Final mix should
done with broad accomplished in 45
be smooth.
strokes of spatula. seconds.

All 4 types of
elastomers are
available for
mixing in this
fashion.
2. STATIC MIXING

This technique transforms two fluid material into a homogenous mix

Mixing is done with a help of a gun with two-cylinder cartridge, and a mixing tip

Porosities due to mixing with air can be avoided as no mechanical mixing is involved

It provides greater uniformity in proportioning and mixing, yields fewer voids in the mix and reduces
the mixing time
Lesser possibilities of contamination of the material

Mixed material is directly injected into adhesive coated tray or onto the prepared teeth
 The device uses a motor to drive parallel
plungers, forcing the materials into a mixing top
and out into an impression tray or syringe

3. DYNAMIC
Thorough mixing of the higher viscosity
MECHANICAL materials can be achieved by minimal effort
MIXING
Both polyether and addition silicone impression
materials of various viscosities are available
with this dispensing system
MAKING AN IMPRESSION

MULTIPLE MIX TECHNIQUE

• Light body and heavy body are used in this technique ;
mixed by different person. But with the mechanical
devices it can be done by single person

• Lighter material is injected from the static mixing gun

within and around the tooth preparation. Filled tray is then
inserted in the mouth and seated over the syringe material

• If partially set material is seated, it will be compressed

elastically and cause spring back of the impression
 SINGLE VISCOSITY
TECHNIQUE (Monophase):

1. Often taken with medium viscosity material.

2. When forced through impression syringe, the viscosity

decreases but when used with tray the viscosity is
unaffected.

3. Addition silicones and Poly ethers are well suited for this
technique.
PUTTY WASH TECHNIQUE

Originally developed for condensation

silicone to minimize the dimensional
changes

Preliminary impression made with thick

putty material ; will serve as intra oral
custom made tray

Space for the light body is then provided by

this polyethylene sheet as a spacer or by
cutting away some of the putty

Then thin consistency wash material is

placed into the putty impression and on to
the preparation, then the tray is seated
REMOVAL OF THE IMPRESSION

01 02 03
Viscoelastic property of It is necessary to use a Should not be removed
the elastomers have to quick snap to minimise until the curing has
be considered plastic deformation of progressed sufficiently
the impression to provide adequate
elasticity to prevent
distortion
DISINFECTION

Rubber impression materials :

10 mins in 2% Long immersion may cause
Disinfection time should be
Glutaraldehyde, 3 mins the surfactant in the
short to prevent any loss of
in Chlorine compounds; other hydrophilic polyvinyl
surface quality or accuracy
disinfectants- iodophors and siloxane to leach out.
phenolics can be used.
RECENT ADVANCES
VINYL POLYETHER SILOXANE

• Combination of polyether and polyvinylsiloxane

• This new elastomer boasts of immediate hydrophilicity, at the same time

combining favourable characteristics of both polyether and vinyl poly-siloxane.

• Optimized elastomeric properties: dimensionally accurate recovery and easy

removal from the mouth.
  Impression materials, Phillips' science of Dental Materials

 Elastomeric Impression materials, Basic Dental Materials,

John J. Manappallil

 Vinyl polysiloxane ether : a breakthrough in elastomeric

REFERENCE impression materials, Dr. Mohan Shetty, Dr. Ganesh R.
Bhandari, Dr. Deepak Mehta

 Comparative evaluation of dimensional accuracy of addition

silicone and condensation silicone impression materials - An
invitro study, Dr. Pramod Joshi, Dr, Bhat GS, Dr. Shenoy V
THANK YOU!