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    Units & Conversions

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    nnazolgac
    1. Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness and indicates the direction of heat flow between bodies. 2. Common temperature scales include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Celsius and Kelvin are used more widely in science. 3. Heat is the transfer of energy between bodies due to a temperature difference. 4. Units used to measure heat energy include calories, joules, BTUs, and kilowatt-hours, as all forms of energy can be converted to work.

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    Units & Conversions

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    nnazolgac
    31 views52 pages
    1. Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness and indicates the direction of heat flow between bodies. 2. Common temperature scales include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Celsius and Kelvin are used more widely in science. 3. Heat is the transfer of energy between bodies due to a temperature difference. 4. Units used to measure heat energy include calories, joules, BTUs, and kilowatt-hours, as all forms of energy can be converted to work.

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    1. Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness and indicates the direction of heat flow between bodies. 2. Common temperature scales include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Celsius and Kelvin are used more widely in science. 3. Heat is the transfer of energy between bodies due to a temperature difference. 4. Units used to measure heat energy include calories, joules, BTUs, and kilowatt-hours, as all forms of energy can be converted to work.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views52 pages

    Units & Conversions

    Uploaded by

    nnazolgac
    1. Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness and indicates the direction of heat flow between bodies. 2. Common temperature scales include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Celsius and Kelvin are used more widely in science. 3. Heat is the transfer of energy between bodies due to a temperature difference. 4. Units used to measure heat energy include calories, joules, BTUs, and kilowatt-hours, as all forms of energy can be converted to work.

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    CULA 103

    CULINARY CALCULATIONS
    (2.2)
    MEASUREMENTS SYSTEMS & UNITS

    a. aydan ozkan
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS

    1 kiloliter (kL) = 1 000 L

    1 hectoliter (hL) = 100 L

    1 decaliter (daL) = 10 L

    1 liter (L)

    1 deciliter (dL) = 0.1 L

    1 centiliter (cL) = 0.01 L

    1 milliliter (mL) = 0.001 L


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises:

    1. 2000 mL = ? L 1. If 1000 mL is 1 L , then 2000 mL will be how


    many liters?

    1000 mL 🡪 1 L
    2000 m L 🡪 x L
    ∴ x = 2 liters
    2. 3500 mL = ? L 2. 3500 mL = ? L
    1000 mL 🡪 1 L
    3500 m L 🡪 x L
    ∴ x = 3.5 liters
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises:

    4. 35 mL = ? L
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS

    1 L = 1,000 mL (liter & milliliter)

    1 L = 33.8 fl. oz (U.S.) (liter & fluid ounce)

    1 L = 0.264 gal (U.S.) (liter & gallon)


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS

    1 l = 33.8 floz→100 ml = ? floz

    1000 ml = 33.8 floz → 100 ml = ? floz


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    5. 100 L = ? fl.oz?
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    6. 100 fl.oz. = ?L
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    7. 2000 mL = ? fl.oz.
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    8. 2 L = ? gal
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    9. 10 gal = ? fl.oz.
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    10. 500 fl.oz. 🡪 ? gal


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    Exercises

    11. 500 mL🡪 ? gal


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    more exercises What will be the equivalences of;

    1. 500 mL in fl.oz.?
    2. 1 fl.oz. in liters?
    3. 2 gallons in milliliters?
    4. 1.5 gallons in milliliters?
    5. 2.5 gal in L?
    6. 0.250 gal in L?
    7. 0.2 fl.oz. in ml?
    8. 0.3 ml in gal?
    9. 2.64 gal in ml?
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS 1. 500 mL = ½ 1000 ml =1/2 liters = ½ of (33.8 floz)
    more exercises
    ∴ 500 ml = 16.9 floz

    1. 500 mL in fl.oz.?
    2. 1 fl.oz. in liters?
    3. 2 gallons in milliliters?
    4. 1.5 gallons in
    milliliters?

    4. 1.5 gals = ¾ of 2 gals = ¾ ( ~7575.75 ml) ≈ 5 681.81 ml


    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    more exercises
    5. 2.5 gal in L?
    6. 0.250 gal in L?
    7. 0.2 fl.oz. in ml?

    6. Since 0.250 gal = 1/10 of 2.5 gal, and 2.5 gal ≈ 9.4696 liters,
    then; 0.250 gal = 0.947 liters
    VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
    more exercises

    8. 0.3 ml in gal?
    9. 2.64 gal in dal?
    10. 338 fl.oz. in gal?

    10. Since; 33.8 floz = 1 lliter = 0.264 gal


    ∴ 338 floz = 2.64 gal
    A “MISCONCEPTION” or “COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY”

    What about CAPACITY?

    What is the difference between VOLUME & CAPACITY?


    Volume of an object: depends on metric measurements of the object.
    Capacity of the object: depends on the measurements of the materials
    hold by the object.
    VOLUME: The amount occupied by an object in space, which is
    quantified numerically as CUBIC METERS (m3)

    VOLUME: The amount of liquid hold by a container, which is


    quantified numerically as LITER (L)

    SO!
    What is the relation between the CUBIC UNITS & LITERS?
    VOLUME VOLUME
    in in
    CUBIC UNITS LITERS

    1 cubic centimeters (cm3) 1 milliliter (mL)

    1 cubic decimeters (dm3)


    1 liter (L)

    1 cubic meters (m3)


    1 kiloliter (kL)
    VOLUME in CUBIC UNITS in LITERS

    cubic kilometers (km3) 1018 (mm3) 10 12 dm3

    cubic hectometers (hm3) 1015 (mm3) 10 9 dm3

    cubic decameters (dam3) 1012 (mm3) 106 dm3

    cubic meters (m3) 109 (mm3) 103 dm3 1 kL

    cubic decimeters (dm3) 106 (mm3) 1 dm3 1L

    cubic centimeters (cm3) 1000 = 103 (mm3) 0.001 dm3 1 mL

    cubic millimeters (mm3) 1 (mm3) 0.000001 dm3


    VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME
    in in in in
    CUBIC UNITS LITERS FLUID OUNCES GALLONS
    1 1 0.0338 0.000264
    cubic centimeters milliliter fluid ounces gallons
    (cm3) (mL) (fl.oz) (gal)
    1
    1 33.8 0.264
    cubic decimeters
    liter fluid ounces gallons
    (dm3)
    (L) (fl.oz) (gal)
    1
    1 33800 264
    cubic meters
    kiloliter fluid ounces gallon
    (m3)
    (kL) (fl.oz) (gal)
    MORE about FLUID VOLUME of US customary units (by Terri Jones)
    Table
    Gallon Quart Pint Cup Fluid Ounce Tea spoon
    spoon
    (G, gal) (qt) (pt) (C, c) (fl.oz.) (t, tsp)
    (T, tbsp)
    1 4 8 16 16 x 16 = 128
    1 2 4 32
    1 2 16
    1 8 16
    1 2
    1 3
    Hints for International Metric System of measurement:

    Units of LENGTH increase / decrease 10 by 10.


    Square Units of AREA increase /decrease 100 by 100.
    Cubic Units of VOLUME increase / decrease 1000 by 1000.
    Units of VOLUME in liters increase / decrease 10 by 10.
    US / UK units of VOLUME increase / decrease !!!
    UNITS of VOLUMES by PERCENTAGES
    UNITS of VOLUMES by PERCENTAGES
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS
    Definitions from Britannica:
    “WEIGHT; gravitational force of attraction on an object, caused by the presence
    of a massive second object, such as the Earth or Moon. ... Alternatively, weight is
    the product of an object's mass and either the gravitational field or the
    acceleration of gravity at the point where the object is located.”

    MASS; in physics, quantitative measure of inertia, a fundamental property of all


    matter. It is, in effect, the resistance that a body of matter offers to a change in its
    speed or position upon the application of a force. ... In contrast, mass remains
    constant regardless of its location under ordinary circumstances.
    S. Ozilgen gives three relations for weight measurements as fallows:

    1 kilogram (kg) = 1 000 grams (g)


    1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g)
    1 pound (lb) = 16 ounce (oz)
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:

    Ounce: DRY /SOLID measurement


    Fluid Ounce: VISCOSE-VISCOUS /FLUID/LIQUID measurement
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:

    In IS; In US;

    1 kilogram (kg) = 1 000 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g)

    1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounce (oz)

    1 decagram (dag) = 10 grams (g) ∴ 16 ounce ( oz) = 454 gram (g)

    1 gram (g)
    1 decigram (dm) = 0.1 grams (g)
    1 centigram (cg) = 0.01 grams (g)
    1 milligram (mg) = 0.001 grams (g)
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:
    QUE: What is the equivalence of 1 oz in pounds?

    ANS: let’s write the proportion.


    If 16 oz is equal to 1 lb, then what will be 1 oz in pounds?
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:

    QUE: What is the ratio constant between 1 gram and 1 pound?

    ANS:
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:
    QUE: Find the equivalent of 1 g in ounces.

    ANS: 16 oz = 1 lb = 454 gr
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:

    MORE EXERCISES

    1. 1 g = ? kg
    2. 1 oz = ? lb
    3. 1 g = ? lb
    4. 1 kg = ? lb
    WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS:
    UNITS of WEIGHTS by PERCENTAGES
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Britannica: “TEMPERATURE, measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of


    any of several arbitrary scales and indicating the direction in which heat energy will
    spontaneously flow—i.e., from a hotter body (one at a higher temperature) to a colder
    body (one at a lower temperature).
    - The Fahrenheit (°F) temperature scale is used in the United States and a few other
    English-speaking countries.
    - The Celsius (°C) temperature scale is standard in virtually all countries that have
    adopted the metric system of measurement, and it is widely used in the sciences.
    - The Kelvin (0K) scale, an absolute temperature scale, is recognized as the
    international standard for scientific temperature measurement.”
    Fahrenheit – Celsius – Kelvin
    https://www.britannica.com/science/temperature
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT
    https://www.britannica.com/science/heat
    Britannica: “HEAT, energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of
    a difference in temperature.”
    “Because all of the many forms of energy, including heat, can be converted into work,
    amounts of energy are expressed in units of work, such as joules, foot-pounds, kilowatt-
    hours, or calories.
    - The calorie (or gram-calorie) is the amount of energy required to raise the
    temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 to 15.5 °C;
    - he BTU is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of
    water from 63 to 64 °F.
    - 1 BTU ≈ 252 calories (at a constant pressure of 1 atmosphere, because the amounts
    of energy involved depend in part on pressure.)
    - The calorie used in measuring the energy content of foods is the large calorie, or
    kilogram-calorie, equal to 1,000 gram-calories.”
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 1: 100 0C = ? 0 F

    Remark: T (0F) = 1.8 x T (0C) + 32

    1.8 x 100 + 32 = 180 + 32


    100 0C = 212 0 F
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 2: 180 0C = ? 0 F

    Remark: T (0F) = 1.8 x T (0C) + 32

    1.8 x 180 + 32 = 180 + 32


    180 0C = 356 0 F
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 3: 100 0 F= ? 0 C

    Remark: T (0F) = 1.8 x T (0C) + 32 🡪 T (0C) = ("T (0F)" -32) / 1.8


    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 4: 752 0 F = ? 0 C

    Remark: T (0F) = 1.8 x T (0C) + 32 🡪 T (0C) = ("T (0F)" -32) / 1.8


    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 5: 100 0 C= ? 0 K

    Remark: T (0K) = T (0C) + 273.15

    100 + 273.15
    100 0 C = 373.15 0 K
    TEMPERATURE & HEAT MEASUREMENT

    Exercises:
    que 6: 100 0 C= ? 0 F

    Remark: T (0K) = T (0C) + 273.15 🡪 T (0C) = 273.15 – T (0C)

    273.15 - 100
    100 0 C = 173.15 0 K
    LET’s SUMMURIZE !

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