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    Amino Acids

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    zshanali6236
    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. Amino acids join together via peptide bonds to form proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids that are used in protein synthesis according to the genetic code. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential, with the 9 essential amino acids not being produced by the body and needing to come from food. Amino acids have different side chains that determine their properties like polarity.

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    Amino Acids

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    zshanali6236
    20 views16 pages
    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. Amino acids join together via peptide bonds to form proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids that are used in protein synthesis according to the genetic code. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential, with the 9 essential amino acids not being produced by the body and needing to come from food. Amino acids have different side chains that determine their properties like polarity.

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    Amino acids

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    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. Amino acids join together via peptide bonds to form proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids that are used in protein synthesis according to the genetic code. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential, with the 9 essential amino acids not being produced by the body and needing to come from food. Amino acids have different side chains that determine their properties like polarity.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views16 pages

    Amino Acids

    Uploaded by

    zshanali6236
    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. Amino acids join together via peptide bonds to form proteins. There are 20 standard amino acids that are used in protein synthesis according to the genetic code. Amino acids are classified as essential and non-essential, with the 9 essential amino acids not being produced by the body and needing to come from food. Amino acids have different side chains that determine their properties like polarity.

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    AMINO ACIDS

    AMINO ACIDS

     Are building blocks of protiens


     The key elements of an amino acid
    are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O),
    and nitrogen (N), although other elements
    are found in the side chains of certain amino
    acids.
     Join one to another by peptide bond to form
    protein.
     Use to produce energy but primary job is
    building protein
     Non protein building roles, such as forming
    neurotransmitters and hormones
    STRUCTURE
     Amino acids are organic compounds that
    contain alpha carbon, amine (-NH2)
    and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups,
    along with a side chain (R group) specific to
    each amino acid.
    TYPES OF AMINO ACIDS
     About 500 naturally occurring amino acids
    are known (though only 20 appear in
    the genetic code) and can be classified in
    many ways.
     Divided as standard and non standard amino
    acids
     Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are
    encoded directly by triplet codons in
    the genetic code and are known as
    "standard" amino acids.
    STANDARD AMINO ACIDS

    FURTHER DIVIDED AS ESSENTIAL AND NON ESSENTIAL


    AMINO ACIDS

     Essential amino  Non essential are


    acids which are those which are
    not produced by produced by our
    our body. As a body even if we do
    result, they must not get it from the
    come from food. food we eat.
    ESSENTIAL AND NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

    The 9 essential amino Nonessential amino acids


    acids are: include:
    1) Alanine
    1) Histidine
    2) Arginine
    2) Isoleucine 3) Asparagine
    3) Leucine 4) Aspartic acid
    4) Lysine 5) Cysteine
    6) Glutamic acid
    5) Methionine
    7) Glutamine
    6) Phenylalanine 8) Glycine
    7) Threonine 9) Proline
    8) Tryptophan 10) Serine
    11) Tyrosine
    9) Valine
    NON STANDARD AMINO ACIDS
     Do not take part in protein synthesis
     But many of them play important role in
    body
     e.g. ornithine citruline
    CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASE
    OF “R” CHAIN
     Aliphatic R
    groups are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Hydr
    ophobicity increases with increasing number
    of C atoms in the hydrocarbon chain.
    CONTINUE
     The sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine
    and methionine) are generally considered to
    be nonpolar and hydrophobic.
     An aromatic amino acid is an amino acid
    that includes an aromatic ring.
    Examples include:
    Among 20 standard amino acids:
     Phenylalanine
     Tryptophan
     Tyrosine
    CONTINUE
    Imino acid
     Imino acids are a group of compounds that
    contain both an amide and a carboxyl group,
    bonded to the alpha carbon molecule.
     In proline, the R-group is bonded to the central
    carbon as well as the nitrogen atom of the amino
    group, forming a house-like structure, as seen
    below. This makes proline unique in structure
    among all other amino acids.
     Proline
    Basic amino acid
     There are three amino acids that
    have basic side chains at neutral pH. These
    are arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine
    (His).
     Their side chains contain nitrogen and
    resemble ammonia, which is a base. Their
    pKa's are high enough that they tend to bind
    protons, gaining a positive charge in the
    process
    CONTINUE
    CONTINUE
    Acidic amino acids
     Two amino acids have acidic side chains at
    neutral pH. These are aspartic acid or
    aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or
    glutamate (Glu).
     Their side chains have carboxylic acid groups
    whose pKa's are low enough to lose protons,
    becoming negatively charged in the process
    CONTINUE
    CONTINUE

    Nuetral amino acids


     Serine
     Threonine
     Asparginine
     glutamine

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