Types of Survey

Types of Survey
Planning Technique And Statistical Analysis (21ART603)

Survey Types (Based on the purpose)
Surveying has been classified into:
• Control surveying : To establish horizontal and vertical positions of control points.
• Land surveying : To determine the boundaries and areas of parcels of land, also known as
property survey, boundary survey or cadastral survey.
• Topographic survey : To prepare a plan/ map of a region which includes natural as well as
and man-made features including elevation.
• Engineering survey : To collect requisite data for planning, design and execution of engineering
projects. Three broad steps are:
1) Reconnaissance survey : To explore site conditions and availability of infrastructures.

2) Preliminary survey : To collect adequate data to prepare plan / map of area to be used for
planning and design.
3) Location survey : To set out work on the ground for actual construction / execution of the
project.
• Route surveys : To plan, design, and laying out of route such as highways, railways, canals,
pipelines, and other linear projects.
• Construction surveys : Surveys which are required for establishment of points, lines, grades, and for
staking out engineering works (after the plans have been prepared and the structural design has been
done).
• Astronomic surveys : To determine the latitude, longitude (of the observation station) and azimuth (of
a line through observation station) from astronomical observation.
• Mine surveys : To carry out surveying specific for opencast and underground mining purposes.
Survey Types
1. National Survey
2. Regional Survey
3. Town Survey
4. Civic/ Socio-Economic Survey
National Survey
• Collect information of natural resources and potentialities and to locate the industries in
different regions.
• Survey for fixing railway alignments, Hydro electric works, Heavy industries
Regional Survey
They are those surveys which are done over a region dealing with:
1. Physical factors: topography, physically difficult land, geology, landscape etc.
2. Physical economic factors: agricultural value of the land, mineral resources and water
gathering lands. Areas with public services, transportation linkages etc.
3. Social economic factors: areas of influence of towns and villages. employment, population
changes etc.
• consist of number of townships and villages

• Surveys for regional highways, regional transport, regional water supply come under regional
survey
• It helps to develop the whole region in a coordinated manner
Town Survey
• They are done at much small scale and apart from the above.
• data is collected from the regional surveys. It includes:

1. Physical Survey
2. Social Survey
3. Economic Survey
Physical Survey
The data can be collected either by Land Survey or Aerial Survey .
A. Natural features: Location in B. Conditions of the Building:

relation to other major towns in the
region.
• Topography
• Climatology
Physical Survey
C. Land Use: D. Communication:
• Residential • Highways connecting the town

• Commercial • Traffic on roads and railways and at junctions
• Public and Semi-public • Parking Survey
• Open Spaces • Origin and Destination Survey (O & D Survey)
• Transportation
• Agriculture
• Water-sheets
• Vacant Land
• Other uses: Refuse disposal areas,
cemeteries, grave-yards, area under defense, etc.
Civic/Socio-Economic Survey
• Survey conducted at local level for redevelopment scheme, slum improvement scheme
and Master plan is different from town survey.
• House to house survey is the socio-economic survey which is the foundation stone of the
planning structure.
• From this survey the town planner/ urban planner can make a correct diagnosis of various
ills from which the town is suffering and prescribe the correct remedies for their cure.
PHYSICAL FEATURES:
• Geological structure: showing the arrangement of the underlying rocks and their formation.
• Contours showing variations of ground surface.
• Rainfall and wind charts.
• Rivers, flood ranges, tides
COMMUNICATIONS:
• Roads with traffic details, widths and tree planting

• Railways
• Waterways, canals, rivers
• Airways, indicating aerodrome sites
• Accessibility by different ways and time and distances.
TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: INDUSTRIAL SURVEY:
• Type of road • Local industries, classification, their

• Traffic congestion, its causes position and labour employed
• Remedies for traffic congestion • Commerce: Including shops, business areas,
• Traffic control docks
OPEN SPACES: HOUSING:
• Parks, gardens • Types of buildings

• Playgrounds, play • Insanitary areas- conditions of building
fields
POPULATION: LANDSCAPE SURVEY: PUBLIC SERVICES:
• Existing, increase and decrease • Types of country • Water supply

• Occupations • Landscape features • Electricity
• diurnal movements • Soils and vegetation • Gas
• Density • Disfigurement • Drainage
HEALTH LAND
CONDITIONS: CULTIVATION:
• Birth rates • Agriculture

• Death rates • Afforestation
• Disease diagrams

Types of Survey

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Types of Survey

Planning Technique And Statistical Analysis (21ART603)

• Control surveying : To establish horizontal and vertical positions of control points.

1) Reconnaissance survey : To explore site conditions and availability of infrastructures.

• consist of number of townships and villages

• data is collected from the regional surveys. It includes:

A. Natural features: Location in B. Conditions of the Building:

• Residential • Highways connecting the town

• Roads with traffic details, widths and tree planting

• Type of road • Local industries, classification, their

OPEN SPACES: HOUSING:

• Parks, gardens • Types of buildings

• Existing, increase and decrease • Types of country • Water supply

• Birth rates • Agriculture

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