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    Prepared by Usman

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    fmayo5402
    The document provides an overview of derivatives including: - A brief history of how calculus and derivatives were developed to address problems involving motion and change. - An introduction to what derivatives are and how they quantify sensitivity of change. - Techniques for calculating derivatives including power rules, product rule, chain rule, quotient rule, implicit differentiation, and logarithmic differentiation. - Applications of derivatives in fields like physics, engineering, economics, and other sciences.

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    Prepared by Usman

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    18 views25 pages
    The document provides an overview of derivatives including: - A brief history of how calculus and derivatives were developed to address problems involving motion and change. - An introduction to what derivatives are and how they quantify sensitivity of change. - Techniques for calculating derivatives including power rules, product rule, chain rule, quotient rule, implicit differentiation, and logarithmic differentiation. - Applications of derivatives in fields like physics, engineering, economics, and other sciences.

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    The document provides an overview of derivatives including: - A brief history of how calculus and derivatives were developed to address problems involving motion and change. - An introduction to what derivatives are and how they quantify sensitivity of change. - Techniques for calculating derivatives including power rules, product rule, chain rule, quotient rule, implicit differentiation, and logarithmic differentiation. - Applications of derivatives in fields like physics, engineering, economics, and other sciences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views25 pages

    Prepared by Usman

    Uploaded by

    fmayo5402
    The document provides an overview of derivatives including: - A brief history of how calculus and derivatives were developed to address problems involving motion and change. - An introduction to what derivatives are and how they quantify sensitivity of change. - Techniques for calculating derivatives including power rules, product rule, chain rule, quotient rule, implicit differentiation, and logarithmic differentiation. - Applications of derivatives in fields like physics, engineering, economics, and other sciences.

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    A presentation from

    Team Leader : Hafiza Ayesha


    Co - Leader : Usman Ahmad
    Members
    Hareem Younas
    Sheikh Rayyan
    Asad Ullah Shahid
    Areeba Saeed

    To

    Sir Hassan Jahangir


    Derivatives
    History of derivates

     Sir Issac Newton in and G.W Leibniz independently developed


    calculus to address problems related to motion, change, and
    rates of quantities. One fundamental problem that motivated
    the development of derivatives was the determination of
    instantaneous velocity. Traditional geometry and algebra
    struggled to handle changing quantities at specific points in Sir Issac Newton G.W Leibniz
    time. To solve this problem, mathematicians introduced the in (1643 -1727) (1646 - 1716)
    concept of derivatives, enabling them to calculate velocities at
    precise moments and understand the dynamic nature of
    motion.
    What is derivates ?

     A Fundamentals tools of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of


    functions output with respect to its input .

     The derivative became a powerful tool for solving real-world problems in


    physics, engineering, economics, and various scientific disciplines. Today, the
    historical quest to solve problems related to motion and change has evolved
    into a comprehensive mathematical framework, with derivatives playing a
    central role in understanding and modeling dynamic phenomena.
    Techniques of derivatives

     Power Rule
     Product Rule
     Chain Rule
     Quotient Rule
     Implicit Differentiation
     Logarithm Differentiation
     Derivatives Of Trigonometric Function
    Power rules

     The power rule in calculus is a fairly simple rule that helps you find the
    derivative of a variable raised to a power, such as: x^5, 2x^8
     All you do is take the exponent, multiply it by the coefficient (the number in
    front of the x), and decrease the exponent by 1.

    Formula
    Product Rule

     According to the product rule, the derivative of a product of two differentiable


    functions is equal to the sum of the product of the second function with
    differentiation of the first function plus the product of the second function with
    differentiation of the first function , the product of the differentiation of the first
    and second functions.
    Formula
    What is Chain Rule?

     The rule applied for finding the derivative of the composite function (e.g. cos
    2x, log 2x, etc.) is basically known as the chain rule. It is also called the
    composite function rule. The chain rule is applicable only for composite
    functions. So before starting the formula of the chain rule, let us understand the
    meaning of composite function and how it can be differentiated.
     The formula of chain rule for the function y = f(x), where f(x) is a composite
    function such that x = g(t), is given
    Quotient Rule

     In Calculus, a Quotient rule is similar to the product rule. A Quotient Rule is


    stated as the ratio of the quantity of the denominator times the derivative of
    the numerator function minus the numerator times the derivative of the
    denominator function to the square of the denominator function. In short, the
    quotient rule is a way of differentiating the division of functions or the
    quotients. This is also known as the quotient rule differentiation in math’s.
     Formula
    Definition of Natural Log

     A natural logarithm can be


    referred to as the power to
    which the base 'e' that has
    to be raised to obtain a
    number called its log
    number. Here e is the
    exponential function.
    Exponential Function

     An exponential function is a mathematical function of the form f(x) = a * b ^ x,


    where "a" and "b" are constants, and "b" is the base of the exponent. The
    variable "x" represents the exponent, and the function exhibits exponential
    growth or decay depending on whether the base "b" is greater than 1 (growth)
    or between 0 and 1 (decay). The exponential function is a fundamental concept
    in mathematics and has wide-ranging applications in various fields.
     Here are some common characteristics and applications of exponential
    functions
    Characteristics And Applications Of Exponential Functions

     Exponential Growth
    If the base "b" is greater than 1, the function exhibits exponential growth . The
    larger the value of "b," the faster the growth.
    Example: Population growth, compound interest, bacterial growth, and investment
    growth.
     Exponential Decay
    If the base "b" is between 0 and 1, the function exhibits exponential decay. The
    closer "b" is to 1, the slower the decay.
    Example: Radioactive decay, cooling of a hot object, diminishing natural resources.
    Characteristics And Applications Of Exponential Functions

     Compound Interest
    Compound interest is a common application of exponential growth. The amount of
    money in an account grows exponentially over time when interest is compounded
    periodically.
     Population Growth
    The growth of populations, whether it's the human population or the population of
    a species, can often be modeled using exponential functions.
     Radioactive Decay
    The decay of radioactive substances follows an exponential decay model. The
    amount of a radioactive substance decreases exponentially over time.
    Differentiation Of Trigonometric Functions

     The differentiation of trigonometric functions is the mathematical process of


    finding the derivative of a trigonometric function, or its rate of change with
    respect to a variable. For example, the derivative of the sine function is written
    sin′(a) = cos(a), meaning that the rate of change of sin(x) at a particular angle
    x = a is given by the cosine of that angle.

     All derivatives of circular trigonometric functions can be found from those of


    sin(x) and cos(x) by means of the quotient rule applied to functions such as
    tan(x) = sin(x)/cos(x)
    Differentiation Of Trigonometric Functions
    Differentiation Of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

     The inverse trigonometric functions are functions that "undo" the actions of their
    corresponding trigonometric functions. They are used to find angles given certain
    trigonometric ratios.

     These derivatives are helpful in calculus when dealing with functions involving
    inverse trigonometric functions, especially when finding rates of change or slopes
    and for solving problems involving angles and trigonometric ratios. Here are the
    main inverse trigonometric functions.
    Differentiation Of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
    Higher Order Derivatives

     Because the derivative of a function y = f( x) is itself a


    function y′ = f′( x), you can take the derivative of f′( x),
    which is generally referred to as the second derivative of
    f(x) and written f“( x) or f 2( x). This differentiation process
    can be continued to find the third, fourth, and successive
    derivatives of f( x), which are called higher order
    derivatives of f( x). Because the “prime” notation for
    derivatives would eventually become somewhat messy, it is
    preferable to use the numerical notation f( n )( x) = y( n ) to
    denote the nth derivative of f( x).
    Higher Order Derivatives
    Increasing and Decreasing Functions

     Increasing and decreasing functions are


    functions in calculus for which the value of f(x)
    increases and decreases respectively with the
    increase in the value of x. The derivative of the
    function f(x) is used to check the behavior of
    increasing and decreasing functions. The
    function is said to be increasing if the value of
    f(x) increases with an increase in the value of x
    and the function is said to be decreasing if the
    value of f(x) decreases with an increase in the
    value of x.
    Implicit or Explicit Function

     Implicit function is a function defined for differentiation of functions


    containing the variables, which cannot be easily expressed in the form of y =
    f(x). The function of the form g(x, y)=0 or an equation, x2 + y2+ 4xy + 25 = 0 is
    an example of implicit function, where the dependent variable 'y' and the
    independent variable 'x' cannot be easily segregated to represent it as a
    function of the form y = f(x).
     An explicit function is an algebraic function where the dependent variable can be
    explicitly expressed in terms of the independent variable. In simple words, we can
    say that explicit function is a function that is expressed more clearly and can be
    easily understood. In an explicit function, the input variable and out variable are
    separated by an equality sign '=' and hence, are on two different sides of the
    equal to sign. We can easily determine the dependent variable's value easily using
    the explicit function by simply inserting the value of the input in the function
    Application of derivatives in real life

     Derivatives are useful in many fields including not only math's but also physics
    and engineering.
     To calculate the profit and loss in business using graphs .
     To determine the speed or distance covered such as miles per hour, kilometers
    per hour etc.
     In medicines, derivatives are used to model the rate of diffusion of drugs in the
    body and to understand physiological process involving rates of changes.
     In seismology, derivatives make it possible for scientists to determine the range
    of magnitude of an earthquake
    Application of derivatives in real life

     In biology, by using the concept of derivatives scientists can forecast the growth rate of a virus.
     In chemistry, derivatives finds extensive usage across different aspects of chemistry.
     In physics, derivatives are utilized to drive numerous equation.
     ln sports, derivatives are used to analyze player performance, optimize training routines and
    predict outcomes.
     ln computer science, derivatives are used in algorithm, machine learning and image processing.
     To monitor temperature changes
     Consider a car's position with respect to time. The derivative of this position function would give
    the car's instantaneous velocity, offering insight into its speed at any given moment—a practical
    application of derivatives in understanding motion in everyday scenarios.
    Conclusion

     It provide a valuable information about


    how a function behaves locally , helping
    to analyze slopes, velocity and other
    dynamics aspects of mathematical
    relationships .
     Derivatives are going popularity day by
    day and are used successfully through
    out the world , these are providing
    substitute for other system. These are
    providing edge open position in cash and
    future markets.

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