Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 44 views

    Ai Intro

    Uploaded by

    Nithish
    Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that think and act rationally like humans. The document discusses the Turing test, which proposes that a system can be considered intelligent if a human cannot reliably distinguish it from a human through conversation. It also outlines some of the foundations of AI in fields like philosophy, mathematics, psychology, computer engineering, and linguistics. Some applications of AI discussed include autonomous planning, medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, games, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ai Intro

    Uploaded by

    Nithish
    44 views33 pages
    Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that think and act rationally like humans. The document discusses the Turing test, which proposes that a system can be considered intelligent if a human cannot reliably distinguish it from a human through conversation. It also outlines some of the foundations of AI in fields like philosophy, mathematics, psychology, computer engineering, and linguistics. Some applications of AI discussed include autonomous planning, medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, games, and more.

    Original Title

    AI INTRO

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that think and act rationally like humans. The document discusses the Turing test, which proposes that a system can be considered intelligent if a human cannot reliably distinguish it from a human through conversation. It also outlines some of the foundations of AI in fields like philosophy, mathematics, psychology, computer engineering, and linguistics. Some applications of AI discussed include autonomous planning, medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, games, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    44 views33 pages

    Ai Intro

    Uploaded by

    Nithish
    Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that think and act rationally like humans. The document discusses the Turing test, which proposes that a system can be considered intelligent if a human cannot reliably distinguish it from a human through conversation. It also outlines some of the foundations of AI in fields like philosophy, mathematics, psychology, computer engineering, and linguistics. Some applications of AI discussed include autonomous planning, medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, games, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    Artificial Intelligence

    What is Artificial Intelligence ?

    THOUGHT Systems that thinkSystems that think


    like humans rationally

    Systems that act Systems that act


    BEHAVIOUR like humans rationally

    HUMAN RATIONAL
    Systems that act like humans:
    Turing Test
    “The art of creating machines that perform functions
    that require intelligence when performed by people.”
    (Kurzweil)
    “The study of how to make computers do things at
    which, at the moment, people are better.” (Rich and
    Knight)
    Systems that act like humans

    ?
    You enter a room which has a computer terminal.
    You have a fixed period of time to type what you
    want into the terminal, and study the replies. At
    the other end of the line is either a human being
    or a computer system.
    If it is a computer system, and at the end of the
    period you cannot reliably determine whether it
    is a system or a human, then the system is
    deemed to be intelligent.
    Systems that act like humans

    The Turing Test approach


    a human questioner cannot tell if
     there is a computer or a human answering his question, via
    teletype (remote communication)
    The computer must behave intelligently
    Intelligent behavior
    to achieve human-level performance in all cognitive
    tasks
    Systems that act like humans
     These cognitive tasks include:
     Natural language processing
     for communication with human
     Knowledge representation
     to store information effectively & efficiently
     Automated reasoning
     to retrieve & answer questions using the stored information
    Machine learning
     to adapt to new circumstances
    The total Turing Test
    Includes two more issues:
     Computer vision
    to perceive objects (seeing)
     Robotics
    to move objects (acting)
    Artificial
    Produced by human art or effort, rather than originating
    naturally.
    Intelligence
    is the ability to acquire knowledge and use it"
    [Pigford and Baur]
    So AI was defined as:
    AI is the study of ideas that enable computers to be
    intelligent.
    AI is the part of computer science concerned with design
    of computer systems that exhibit human
    intelligence(From the Concise Oxford Dictionary)
    From the above two definitions, we can see that AI has
    two major roles:
    Study the intelligent part concerned with humans.
    Represent those actions using computers.
    Goals of AI
    To make computers more useful by letting them take
    over dangerous or tedious tasks from human
    Understand principles of human intelligence
    The Foundation of AI
    Philosophy
    At that time, the study of human intelligence began with
    no formal expression
    Initiate the idea of mind as a machine and its internal
    operations
    The Foundation of AI
    Mathematics formalizes the three main area of AI:
    computation, logic, and probability
    Computation leads to analysis of the problems that can
    be computed
     complexity theory
    Probability contributes the “degree of belief” to handle
    uncertainty in AI
    Decision theory combines probability theory and utility
    theory (bias)
    The Foundation of AI
    Psychology
    How do humans think and act?
    The study of human reasoning and acting
    Provides reasoning models for AI
    Strengthen the ideas
     humans and other animals can be considered as information
    processing machines
    The Foundation of AI
    Computer Engineering
    How to build an efficient computer?
    Provides the artifact that makes AI application possible
    The power of computer makes computation of large and
    difficult problems more easily
    AI has also contributed its own work to computer
    science, including: time-sharing, the linked list data type,
    OOP, etc.
    The Foundation of AI
    Control theory and Cybernetics
    How can artifacts operate under their own control?
    The artifacts adjust their actions
     To do better for the environment over time
     Based on an objective function and feedback from the
    environment
    Not limited only to linear systems but also other
    problems
     as language, vision, and planning, etc.
    The Foundation of AI
    Linguistics
    For understanding natural languages
     different approaches has been adopted from the linguistic work
    Formal languages
    Syntactic and semantic analysis
    Knowledge representation
    The main topics in AI
    Artificial intelligence can be considered under a number of
    headings:
    Search (includes Game Playing).
    Representing Knowledge and Reasoning with it.
    Planning.
    Learning.
    Natural language processing.
    Expert Systems.
    Interacting with the Environment
    (e.g. Vision, Speech recognition, Robotics)
    We won’t have time in this course to consider all of these.
    Some Advantages of Artificial
    Intelligence

    more powerful and more useful computers


    new and improved interfaces
    solving new problems
    better handling of information
    relieves information overload
    conversion of information into knowledge
    The Disadvantages

    increased costs
    difficulty with software development - slow and expensive
    few experienced programmers
    few practical products have reached the market as yet.
    History of AI
    Origins
    The Dartmouth conference: 1956
     John McCarthy (Stanford)
     Marvin Minsky (MIT)
     Herbert Simon (CMU)
     Allen Newell (CMU)
     Arthur Samuel (IBM)
    The Turing Test (1950)
    “Machines who Think”
    By Pamela McCorckindale
    Periods in AI
    Early period - 1950’s & 60’s
    Game playing
     brute force (calculate your way out)
    Theorem proving
     symbol manipulation
    Biological models
     neural nets
    Symbolic application period - 70’s
    Early expert systems, use of knowledge
    Commercial period - 80’s
    boom in knowledge/ rule bases
    AI Applications
    Autonomous Planning
    & Scheduling:
    Autonomous rovers.
    AI Applications
    Autonomous Planning & Scheduling:
    Telescope scheduling
    AI Applications
    Autonomous Planning & Scheduling:
    Analysis of data:
    AI Applications
    Medicine:
    Image guided surgery
    AI Applications
    Medicine:
    Image analysis and enhancement
    AI Applications
    Transportation:
    Autonomous
    vehicle control:
    AI Applications
    Transportation:
    Pedestrian detection:
    AI Applications
    Games:
    AI Applications
    Games:
    AI Applications
    Robotic toys:
    AI Applications
    Other application areas:
     Bioinformatics:
     Gene expression data analysis
     Prediction of protein structure
     Text classification, document sorting:
     Web pages, e-mails
     Articles in the news
     Video, image classification
     Music composition, picture drawing
     Natural Language Processing .
     Perception.
    TIC TAC TOE GAME

    You might also like